220 BOR 
equipages. His table wa$ fumptuoufly ferved; his houfe 
was never empty of nobles and fcholars. His uncle, de¬ 
lighted with this magnificence, gave him amply wherewith 
to lupport-it. In a very ihort time he was at once grand\ 
penitentiary of Rome, archpricft of St. Mary Major; pro- 
rector of ieveral crowns, and of various orders religious and 
military; legate of Bologna, of Romania, and of the marche 
of Ancona. 
It was at that time that the famous council of Trent was 
held. Much was faid about the reformation of the clergy: 
Charles, after having advifed it to others, executed it on 
himfelf. He fuddenly difcharged no lets than eighty-li- 
very-iervants, left off wearing lilk, and impoled on him- 
l'elf a weekly fail on bread and water. From this begin¬ 
ning he loon proceeded greater lengths. He held coun¬ 
cils for confirming the decrees of that of Trent, terminated 
partly by his means. He made his houfe into a feminary 
of bilhops; he eftablillied lchools, colleges, communities; 
re-modelled his clergy and the monafteries; made inftitu- 
tions for the^ poor and orphans-, for girls expofed 'to ruin, 
or who were defirous to return to a regular life after hav¬ 
ing gone aftray. His zeal was the admiration of good 
men, and irritated luch as were not lb. The order of the 
Humilies, which he attempted to reform, excited again!! 
him a friar Farina, a ihocking member of that fociety. 
This wretch fired a gun at the good man while he was at 
evening prayer with his domeftics. The ball having only 
grazed his Ikin, Charles petitioned for the pardon of his 
affailin, who was punifhed with death notwithftanding his 
felicitations, and his order was fupprelfed. Thel'e dan¬ 
gers did not abate the ardour of the good archbilhop. He 
vifuecl the abandoned extremities of his province, abolilli- 
ed the exceffps of the carnival, preached to his people, 
and lhewed himfelf every where as their paftor and father. 
During the ravages of a cruel pcliilence, he aififted the 
poor in their fpiritual concerns by his ecclefialiics and his 
perfonal attentions, fold the furniture of his houfe to re¬ 
lieve the Tick, put up prayers and made procelfions, in 
which he walked barefoot, and with a rope round his 
neck. Flis heroic charity was repaid with ingratitude. The 
governor of Milan prevailed on the magillrates of that 
city to prefer complaints again!! Charies, whom they paint¬ 
ed in the blackel! colours. “ They accufed him (lays 
Baillet) of having exceeded the limits of his authority 
during the time of the plague ; of having introduced dan¬ 
gerous innovations; of having abolifhed the public games, 
the ftage-plays, and dances; of having revived the abfti- 
nence on the fir!! Sunday in Lent, in violation of the pri¬ 
vilege granted to that town of including that day in the 
carnival.” They publilhed an injurious and iniiilting ma- 
nifefto againl! him: but, contented with the teftimony of 
his own conlcience, he refigned the care of his juftincation 
to the Almighty. At length, worn out by the labours of 
an adtive piety, he finiihed his courle on the 3d of No¬ 
vember, 1594, being only in his 47th year. Paul V. ca¬ 
nonized him in 1710. Fie wrote a very great number of 
works on doftrinal and moral iubjedls. They were printed 
in 1747, at Milan, in live vols. folio. The library of St. 
Sepulchre in that city is in polfelfion of thirty-one volumes 
of the manufeript letters of this prelate. The clergy of 
France reprinted at their expence the iniiitutions he ccm- 
pofed for the ufe of confelfors. Flis Abta Ecelefire Me- 
diolanenfis are in great requeft. Milan, 1599, folio. Pere 
Touron publifhed his Life in 3 vols. nmo. Paris, 1761. 
BORROME'O (Frederic), cardinal and archbifhop of 
Milan, inherited the knowledge and the piety of Charles 
his coufm-german, died in 1632, after having founded the 
famous Ambrofian library, and held the eighth council of 
Milan. Flis writings are, 1. Sacra Colloquia. 2. Ser- 
mones Synodalis. 3. Meditamenta Litteraria. 4. Ragio- 
namenti Synodali. Milan, 1632, 3 vols. 4to. 
BORROMI'NI (Francis), architect, born at BiiTone, 
in the diocefe of Come, in 1599, died in 1647; acquired 
a great reputation at Rome, where he was more employed 
BOR 
than any architeft of his time. A great number of his 
works are feen in that city ; but they are by no means 
models for young artifts, becaule they abound in devia¬ 
tions from the received rules. It was from his violent 
efforts to outdo le Bernin, whofe fame he envied, that he 
departed from that fimplicity which is the true bafis of the 
beautiful, in order to give extravagant ornaments in that 
tafte ; which have induced fome to compare his ftyle in archi- 
ture to the literary ftyle of Seneca or Marini. 
To BOR ROW, v. a. \_borgen, Dut. borgian, Sax.] To 
take fomething from another upon credit: oppoled to lend. 
—We have borrowed money for the king’s tribute, and that 
upon our lands and vineyards. Nehemiah. —To aik of ano¬ 
ther the ufe of fomething for a time.—Then he faid, Go, 
borrow thee veffels abroad of all thy neighbours. 2 Kings. — 
To lake fomething belonging to another.—Some perlons 
of bright parts have narrow remembrance • for, having 
riches of their own, they are not folicitous to borrow. lVatts. 
—To ufe as one’s own, though not belonging to one: 
Unkind and cruel, to deceive your fon 
In borrow'd !hapes, and his embrace to Ihun. Drjden. 
BOR'ROW, f. The thing borrowed; 
Yet of your royal prefence I’ll adventure 
T\\c borrow oi a. week. Shakefpeare. 
A furety. Spenfer-, [from borhoe, Sax.] 
BOR'ROWER,yi He that borrows; he that takes money 
upon trull: oppoled to lender He that takes what is ano¬ 
ther’s, and ufes it as his own.—Some lay, that I am a great 
borrower ; however, none of my creditors have challenged me 
for it. Tope. 
“ Fie that goes a borrowing , goes a forrowing.” High 
Ger. Borgen macht forgen. The Latins fay, JEris aliens 
atqite litis comes miferta eji ; The companion of debt and 
ftrife is mifery. 
BOR'ROWING, yi The act of borrowing.—And borrow - 
ing dulls the edge of hulbandry. Shakefpeare. 
BOR'ROWING and FIIRlNG, in law. See the article 
Bailment, vol. ii. p. 629. 
BOR'ROWSTONNESS, or Bow-ness, a town of 
Scotland, in the county of Linlithgow, with a harbour on 
the fouth fide of the river Forth, furrounded with coal¬ 
pits and falt-works, which produce the principal exports 
of the place; a good pier and harbour have been lately 
made; fifteen miles weft of Leith, and four north of 
Linlithgow. 
BOR'SALO, or Bur'sal, a town and kingdom of Afri¬ 
ca, in Negroland, not far from the lea coal!. 
BOR'SEHOLDER. See Headborough. 
BOR'SET, or Borsett, a place celebrated for its 
baths, about three miles from Aix-la-Chapelle, in Ger¬ 
many. The waters are dillinguilhed into the upper and lower 
fprings. The former were found by Dr. Simmons to raile 
Farenheit’s thermometer to 158°, the latter to only 127 0 . 
All the baths are luppliedby the firil. Dr. Simmons obferved 
that thefe waters were much lefs fulphureous than thofe of 
Aix-la-Chapelle, probably on account of their greater heat. 
He likewife found that they abounded much with felenites, 
which incruft the pipe through which the water paffes, and 
likewife the fides of the bath. 
BORSKA'IA, a fortrefs of Ruflia, in the government of 
Upha : 120 miles fouth of Simbirlk, and 188 weft-fouth-weft 
of Upha. 
BORSO'E, a fmall ifland of Denmark, two leagues north- 
eal! from Apenrade, on the eal! coal! of Slelwick. 
BORSGLOW'KAH, a town of Poland, in the palatinate 
of Braclaw: twenty-four miles north-weft of Braclaw. 
BOR'STEL, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weft- 
phalia, and bilhopric of Ofnabruck: eight miles north of 
Furftenau.—A town of Germany, in the duchy of Holftein: 
fourteen miles fouth-eall of Bramftede. 
BORSZEJOW'KA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate 
of Kiov: ten miles weft of Kiov. 
BORT, 
