B O T 
there are no angles or finuofities ; in which refpedt leaves 
are Orbicular, or round, when the longitudinal and tranf- 
verle diameters are equal, and the circumference circular. 
Subrotund , or roundifh, when the figure is nearly orbicular. 
Ovate, or egg-fhaped, when the longitudinal diameter ex¬ 
ceeds the tranfverfe; and the bafe is circumfcribed with 
the f’egment of a circle, but the apex narrower. Oval, or 
elliptic, when the longitudinal diameter exceeds the tranf¬ 
verfe, and the circumfcription of both upper and lower 
extremity is narrower than the fegment of a circle. Para¬ 
bolic, in the form of a parabola, when the longitudinal 
diameter exceeds the tranfverfe, and the figure contradling 
from the bafe upward becomes Semiovatc, or half egg- 
fhaped. Spatulate, relembling a fpatula, when the figure 
is roundifh, but lengthened out by the addition of a linear 
bafe that is narrower. Cuneiform, or wedge-lhaped, when 
the longitudinal diameter exceeds the tranfverfe, and the 
figure gradually contracts downwards. Oblong, when the 
longitudinal diameter is twice, thrice, &c. the length of 
the tranfverfe, and the circumfcription of each of the ex¬ 
tremities is narrower than the fegment of a circle. 
Angles, are the prominent parts of an horizontal leaf. 
In refpedt to thefe, a leaf is faid to be Lanceolate, or fpear- 
fhaped, when the figure is oblong, narrowing gradually at 
each end towards the extremity. Linear, when it is every 
where of the fame breadth, though fometimes narrowing 
at the extremities only. Acerofe, or chaffy, when it is li¬ 
near and perfifiing ; as in the cyprefs, juniper, and yew. 
Subulate, or awl-lhaped, when it is linear below, but gra¬ 
dually contra&ing towards the top. Triangular, or three- 
cornered, when the difk is furrounded by three prominent 
angles. Quadrangular, Quinquangular, &c. four-cornered, 
five-cornered, &c. when four or five prominent angles lie 
round the difk. Deltoid, when the figure is a rhomb ; that is, 
having four angles, of which the two lateral ones are lefs 
difiant from the centre than thofe at the extremities. Ro¬ 
tund, or round, when it has no angles. 
Sinus, a hollow, is a term ufed to exprefs thofe open¬ 
ings or cavities in leaves which diftinguilh them into parts : 
in refpect to thefe, leaves are faid to be, Reniform, or kid¬ 
ney- fbaped, when they are roundifh, and hollowed at the 
bafe, without any angles. Cordiform, or heart-fhaped, 
when they are ovate, and hollowed at the bafe, and the 
hinder or lower part has no angles. Lunulate, or rnoon- 
fnaped, when they are round, and hollowed at the bafe, 
and the lower part has no angles. Sagittate, or arrow- 
fbaped, when they are triangular, hollowed at the bafe, 
and are furnifhed with angles at the lower part. Hajlate, 
or javelin-fhaped, when they are' triangular, the bafe and 
(ides hollowed, and the angles fpreading. Pandvrceform, or 
fiddle-fhaped, when they are oblong, broader above than 
below, and contrafted in the tides. LiJJ'a, or cloven, when 
they are divided by linear linuffes, and have their margins 
firaight; and from the number of fuch divifions they are 
called Bifid, Trijid, Ouadrfid, Multifid, &c. when cut into 
two, three, four, five, or many, fegments. I.obatc, or 
lobed, when they are divided to the middle into parts that 
ft and wide from each other, and have their margins con¬ 
vex ; and from the number of thefe they are called Bi/obe, 
Trilobe, Ojiadrilobe, or Ouinquelobe ; cohfifiingof two, three, 
four, or five, lobes. Palmate, or hand-fliaped, when they are 
cut longitudinally into many parts nearly equal; the divi¬ 
fions extending themfelves downward, almoft to the bafe 
where the fegments cohere. Pinnatfid, or cut into wings, 
when they are divided tranfverfely into lacinise that are 
oblong and horizontal, l.yratc, or lyre-fhaped, when they 
are divided tranfverfely into lacinhe, of which the upper 
ones are larger, and the lower ones farther afunder. La- 
ciniate, or jagged, when they are varionfly divided into 
parts, and thofe parts in like manner indeterminately fub- 
divided. Sinuate, or hollowed, when they have broad and 
fpreading openings in the fides. Partite, or divided^ when 
they are feparated dow n to the bafe ; and front the num¬ 
ber of divifions they are called Bipartite, Tripartite, Quadri¬ 
partite, Quinqucpar tile, or Multipartite ; divided into two, 
Vol. ill. No. 128. 
ANY. 241 
three, four, five, or many, parts. Integra, or entire, when 
they are without divifions, and have no (inns or opening. 
This Hands oppofed to all the kinds of divided leaves be¬ 
fore deferibed. 
Apex, the tip, is the extremity where the leaf ter¬ 
minates. Leaves, in refpeCt to their apices, are called. 
Truncate, or lopped, when they end in a tranfverfe line. 
Prrzmorfe, as if bitten in the fore-part, when they are very 
obtufe, and are terminated by unequal notches or incifions. 
Rclufe, or blunted, when they terminate in an obtufe funis. 
Emarginate, or nicked, when they terminate in a notch. 
Obtufe, or blunt, when they terminate as it were within a 
fegment of a circle. Acute, or (harp, when they terminate 
in an acute angle. Acuminate, or pointed, when they ter¬ 
minate in a fubulate apex. Cirrhofe, or clafpered, when 
they terminate in a clalper or tendril; as in the fuperb- 
lily, flagellaria, and ni (folia. 
The Margin of a leaf is the outermofi boundary of its 
fides, exclulive of its difk. Leaves, in refpedt to their 
margin, are called Spinofe, or thorny, or prickly, when 
the margin runs into points that are hard, (tiff, and pun¬ 
gent. Incrni, unarmed, or fmooth ; which is oppofed to 
fpinofe. Dentate, toothed, or indented, when the mar¬ 
gin ends in horizontal points, that are of the confidence 
of the leaf, and are feparated by intermediate fpaces. Ser¬ 
rate, or fawed, when the margin is cut into (harp imbri¬ 
cate angles, that point towards the apex of the leaf. If 
they point towards the bafe, the leaf is faid to be retrorfum- 
Jerratc, or fawed backwards. Duplicato-Jerrate, or doubly 
(awed, when there is a twofold ferrature, the lefs upon the 
greater. Crenate, or notched, when the margin is cut into 
angles, that point towards neither of the extremities : and 
thefe are obtufely crenate, when the angles are rounded ; 
or acutely crenate, when the angles are pointed. Dupli- 
cato-crenate, or doubly notched, when the notches are two¬ 
fold, the lefs upon the greater. Rrpand , or bending back 
again, when the margin is terminated with angles, and in¬ 
terjacent fin Hires, that are both inferibed with the fegments 
of circles, forming a lerpentine edge. Cartilaginous, or 
griftly, when the edge of the leaf is ftrengthened by a tough 
border, the fubflance of which differs from that of the leaf. 
Ciliate, iafiied, or fringed, when the margin is furrounded 
on all fides with parallel brifiles. l.acerate, rent, or ragged, 
when they are irregularly cut on the margin, unlike feg¬ 
ments. Erofe, or gnawed, when the leaf is (innate, and 
has other very final 1 obtufe finufies or hollows on its mar¬ 
gin. Integerrimate, or very entire;, when the outermofi 
margin is entire and quite free from notches. 
Superficies, or lurface, is the outlide, or what co¬ 
vers the difk of the leaf; and refpetts both the fttpiiie difk' 
or face of the leaf, and the prone difk or back of it. Leaves 
in refpeCt to their furfaces are, ViJcid, or clammy, when 
they are covered with a juice that is tenacious or fiicky. 
Tomentofe, or downy, when they are covered with a nap of 
interwoven hairs, fcarcelv perceptible, that gives them a 
whitenefs. Lanatr, or woolly, when they are covered as it 
were with a fpidei’sweb ; as in lage and iron-wort. Pilous, 
or hairy, when their furface is covered with diftintl hairs 
that rife to fome length, Iiiifute, or rough with hair, when 
they are hairy in a greater degree. Villous, or fhaggy, when 
they are covered with a coarfer hair or (hag. Hifpid, or 
rough, when the diik is covered with a ftiffifh fort of brifiles 
that are frangible. Scabrous, or rugged, when the difk 
is covered with tubercles, or little knobs. Aculeate, or 
prickly, when the dilk is befet with points that are (harp 
and ftiff. Striate, or (freaked, when the (m face is cut in, 
or fcored longitudinally with parallel lines.. Pappilloiis, or 
nipply, when it is covered with velicles, like little blad¬ 
ders. Punctate, or dotted, when it is befprinklcd with 
hollow points or dots. Nitid, .or bright, when the fntooth- 
nefs of the leaves caufes them to (hine. Plicate, or plaited, 
when the difk of the leaf riles and falls in angles towards 
the margin; as lady’s mantle. Undulate, or waved, when 
the dilk of the leaf rifes and falls in convexities towards 
the margin. Crijpcd, or curled, when the circiltfifcrcnce of 
3 Q tfitJ 
