B O T 
towards the horizon ; as in ginger. Oblique, when the baft?' 
of the leaf looks Towards the iky, and the apex or tip to¬ 
wards the horizon ; as in the lilver-tree, and crown-impe¬ 
rial. Injlex, or bending inwards, when the leaf is bowed 
upwards towards the.item. Adprejl, when the difk of the 
leaf lies clofe to the item. EreEl, or upright, when the 
angle they form with the item is extremely final 1 . Patent, 
or fpreading, when they make an acute angle with the 
item. Horizontal, when they (land at right angles with the 
item. Reclined, or, as fome term it, Rcjlex, when they are 
bowed downwards, fo that the apex or tip is lower than 
the bafe. Rcvolute, or rolled back, when they are rolled 
downwards. Dependent, or hanging down, when they point 
direffly to the ground. Radieant, or rooting, when the 
leaves throw out roots. Natant, or floating, when they lie 
on the furface of the water; as in pond-weed, and the wa¬ 
ter lily. Demerfe, or funk, when they creep and grow un¬ 
der the water.—Thefe are the diftinflions which modern 
Botany lias afligned to the different kinds of leaves. But 
to explain this fubjedl Hill more completely, we fhall fub- 
join correct engravings of the Linnsean arrangement, from 
the accurate and elegant Tables of Mr. John Miller; fol¬ 
lowing the alphabetical order in which he lias placed them. 
See his valuable work on Botanical Termini, and the Sexual Syfiem. 
Figures of the Simple Leaves. 
Fig. i. Acerofe, the leaves every where of the fame 
breadth; as in the pines, or Scotch fir.— See all the cor- 
rejponding. leaves in the annexed engravings. 
2. Acinaciform, or fcimitar-ftiaped, as in fig-marigold. 
3. Aculeated, fliarp-pointed or prickly, as the annual 
Barbaboes niglitfhade. 
4. Acuminated, tapering or terminating in a point, as 
the leaves of the Malabar fig.—Acute, terminating in an 
acute angle, as the leaves at fig. 4, 43, 51, 52, and 55. 
5. Anceps, double-edged ; forming two oppofite angles 
lengthways, the difk being convex, as in Bermudiana. 
6. Bearded ; a tuft of briftly hairs terminating the leaf, 
as in bearded fig-marigold. 
7. Bifid, divided into two parts, by linear (inufes and 
ftraight margins, as in climbing mountain ebony : alfo tri¬ 
fid, quadrifid, quinquifid, and multifid, according to the 
number of its divifions. 
8. Bullated, when the fubftance of the leaf rifes high 
above the veins, fo as to appear like rugae or blifters; as 
the green tea. 
9. Channelled, having a deep groove or channel run¬ 
ning from the bafe to the apex, as in Virginian fpider-wort. 
10. Carinated, or keel-fhaped ; the inferior dilk or back 
of the leaf refembling fomewhat the keel of a lliip ; as the 
diftich aloe. 
11. Carnous, or flefhy ; being internally replete with a 
pulp or fleihy fubftance ; as the greater houfe-leek. 
12. Cartilaginous, the margin ftrengthened by a carti¬ 
laginous fubftance different from the dilk ; as the pyra¬ 
midal faxifrage.—Ciliated, whole margin is guarded by 
parallel bridles, formed like the eye-lafh ; fee'fig. 11, 
13. Cirrhous, the point terminating in a tendril; as the 
fuperb lily. 
14. Coloured, when leaves deviate from the natural 
green, and put forth other tints; as the tri-coloured 
amaranth. 
15. Compreffed, when flattened on its marginal fides, 
and the fubftance of the leaf becomes greater in the dilk; 
as fig-marigold with variegated leaves. 
16. (. onvex, when the margin forms a concave arch with 
the dilk ; as in peltated geranium. 
17. Concave, rifing in the reverfe order from the mar¬ 
gin to the dilk ; as perennial Martynia. 
18. Cordated, or heart-lhaped, hollowed at the bafe, and 
deftitute of angles ; as black bryony. 
19. Cordated obverfely, when a heart-lhaped leaf is 
fixed by the apex inftead of the bafe, to the petiole or 
footftalk ; as wood-forrel. 
20. Cordate and fagittate; as the leaf of buck-wheat. 
A N Y. 243 
Fig. 21. Crenated, or notched, the margin being jagged 
with fmall teeth or angles, inclining towards neither extre¬ 
mity ; as wood betony. 
22. Crilpid, undulated from the circumference of the 
margin, being too long for the dilk ; as curled malva. All 
leaves of this defeription are termed mon/lrous. 
23. Circulated, rolled up lengthways, in form of a hood 
or cowl; as the African tree crane’s-bill. 
24. Cuneiform, or wedge-lhaped, when the length ex¬ 
ceeds the breadth, gradually narrowing towards the bafe ; 
as in purfiain-leaved craffula.—Cufpidate, .fharp-pointed, 
the apex terminating in a point like a fpear ; as (hewn at 
fig. 4, and.43.. 
25. Cylindrical, in form of a cylinder or roller, as the 
liifpid fig-marigold. 
26. Dedaleous, leaves whofe texture is remarkably beau¬ 
tiful, and exquilitely wrought; as ftoloniferous faxifrage, 
and beautiful Alftromeria. 
27. Deltoid, leaves whofe angles are formed like the 
Greek delta a ; as the delta-lhaped fig-marigold, and the 
fea-purftain tree. 
28. Dentated, having horizontal points like the teeth of 
a faw, of the fame confidence as the leaf, and placed at a 
little diftance from each other; as in ftruwberry-blite. 
29. Depreffed, when the center of the leaf is preffed in¬ 
wards, and the fides rife higher than the dilk ; as in fig- 
marigold with deformed leaves. 
30. Dolabriform; compreffed, fubrotund, and obtufe; 
the under fide roundifti, in the (bape of an hatchet, or axe ; 
as the hatchet-fliaped fig-marigold. 
31. Echinated, or prickly, befet all over with aculi or 
prickles, like a hedge-hog; as the ilex-echinatum, or 
hedge-hog holly.—Elliptic, when the longitudinal diame¬ 
ter furpaffes the tranfverfe, and the leaf narrows almoft; 
equally at the bafe and apex, as (hewn at fig. 59.—Emar- 
ginate, when the apex of the leaf terminates in a notch, 
as in fig. 24. 
32. Emarginated acutely, when the notch is deep and 
narrow ; as the filver fir. 
33. Emarginated obtufely, when the fides are rounded 
from the apex, as alder-leaved Hermannia. 
34. Emarginated circularly, when notched all round, as 
in the water navel-wort. 
35. Enfiform, fliaped like a two-edged fword, tapering 
gradually towards the point ; as in aletris uvaria. 
36. Erofe, when a finuated leaf has its margin broken 
by fmaller finules ; as the ftirubby African fage. 
37. Gibbous, bunching out, or gouty; when by means 
of the intermediate pulp, both furfaces of the leaf are ren¬ 
dered convex; as in cacalia ficoides, or foreign coltsfoot. 
38. Glabrous, or fmooth, w hen the furface of the leaf 
is all over fmooth and even ; as the orange-tree. 
39. Haftated, growing in a triangular form, the lateral 
bafe hollowed, and the angles fpreading out, refembling 
the head of an halbert; as in cacalia fuaveolens, the Ame¬ 
rican coltsfoot. 
40. Hirfute; rough, hairy, and fhaggy in the difk ; as 
the leaves of hollyhock. —Hilpid, covered irregularly with 
ftrong fraegile briftles on the dilk ; as (hewn at fig. 25. 
41. Integrum, or intire, when the margin of the leaf is 
perfeffly even, and free from crenules or notches ; as ’ 
broad-leaved orchis. 
42. Lacerated, when the margin is varioufly cut with 
irregular fegments, as if rent or torn ; as in the Ameri¬ 
can groundfel.-—Lanated, when the furface of the leaf ap¬ 
pears of a cottony or woolly texture, as if covered over with 
a fpider’s web ; as in ftirubby African fage, fig. 36. 
43. Lanceolated, or lance-fliaped, when the leaf is ob¬ 
long, gradually tapering towards the extremity, and ter¬ 
minating in a point; as dog’s-bane. 
44. Laciniated, divided firft into laciniae or fegments, 
and thofe again irregularly cut into fmall incilions; as the 
bee larkfpur. 
45. Linear, the lateral margins parallel, narrowing a lit¬ 
tle towards the apex; as the belladonna, or daffodil lily.— 
Lineated, 
