* 4 * B O T 
C 7 ,fafe, or jagged, as in water-pimpernel, and iron-wood; 
or with a hairy (urface, as in bog-bcan, and fome fpecies 
of hypericuvn. 
As to proportion in the corolla, it may be very long, as 
in the lily thorn, Brunsfelfia, and Siphonanthus ; or very 
lliort, as in pearl-wort, bafe pimpernel, currant, and goofe- 
berry. In refpett to Jituation, the bafe of the corolla is 
generally clof'e to the perianthium, if there be one ; it is 
indeed feparated from it by the gerrnen, in mofchatel, 
greater wild bnrnet, and marvel of Peru, but thefe in- 
iiances are very rare. With refpeft to duration, the corolla 
is either prrjiftent , lading till the fruit is ripe, as in water- 
lily ; caducous, dropping as foon as the flower is blown, as 
in herb Chriftopher, and meadow-rue ; deciduous, dropping 
off with the flower, which is mod common ; or mare/cent, 
withering, but not falling, as in the bell-flower, butterfly- 
flower, cucumber, gourd, and bryony. 
Between the calyx and corolla nature has put no abfo- 
lute limits ; as is plain from mezereon, in which plant 
they grow together, and are united in the margin, like a 
leaf of the box-tree ; but they may be commonly diflin- 
guilhed by their pofition in refpedt of the ftamina, the pe¬ 
tal and ftamina being ranged alternately ; whereas the feg- 
ments of the calyx and the ftamina anfwer to each other. 
'1 hat this is their natural lituation, appears from the com¬ 
plete flow’ers in the claires tetrandria and pentandria : and 
the ufe of applying this rule will be found in the inftances 
of wild orache, pellitory, and nettle ; where it decides, 
that the lingle cover in thofe genera is a perianthium, and 
that it is the corolla that is wanting. Should we infer, 
where only one of the two covers appears, that it is a co¬ 
rolla, becaufe that is a more principal part, there would 
be no certainty from fuch an inference ; as is evident from 
t he ammania, ifnardia, ruellia, water-purflane, and bell¬ 
flower, in all which the corolla is often found wanting, 
but not the calyx. 
That the calyx, as proceeding from the cortex of the 
plant, is coarfer and thicker than the corolla, which is 
produced by the foft, pliant, inner bark, is obvious to 
every one. But there are no limits determinable from any 
fuch circumftances, unlefs it be from the colour; and even 
this is not fuffleient ; for the perianthium of the Bartfid is 
blood-coloured ; and there are alfo many flowers whofe 
corolla: are coloured, naked, and fubjefl to lofe their pe¬ 
tals when in the ftate of flowering, but which afterwards 
harden and turn green, and remain on the plant like a ca¬ 
lyx ; as for inftance, the hellebore, and ftar of Bethlehem. 
Tire euphorbia has deceived many, who have deferibed it 
as monopetalous, taking the calyx for the corolla. But 
that the pelta?, as they are called, upon the leaves of the 
lichen, are really the petals of the flower, is proved by 
fome annual fpecies in India, in which there are white 
petals very diftinguifliable. 
Delineations of different corollre are given in the an¬ 
nexed plate; where fig. 12. (hews a monopetalous tube- 
fhaped corolla ; a the tube, b the limb ; it is the bloftbm 
ofacowflip. 13. A bell-fhaped corolla; campanula tra- 
chelitim, or Canterbury bell. 14. An infundibuliform or 
funnel-fhape'd corolla; the common comfrey. 15. An hy- 
pocrateriform or falver-fhuped corolla; the narrow-leaved 
kalmia. 16. A rotatory or wheel-fluped corolla ; the win¬ 
ter cherry. 17. A ringent or lipped corolla; the fox¬ 
glove. 18. A cruciform or crofs-fhaped corolla ; the flock 
Julv-flower. 19. A papilionaceous or butterfly-fhaped co¬ 
rolla ; the everlafting pea. 20. An hexapetalous corolla; 
the w hite narciflus. 21. A polypetalouS or many-petalled 
corolla ; the fpring adonis. 
The NECTARY. 
Nectaries, are thofe parts of a flower w hich are deftined 
to contain or prepare the melliferous juices of rlie plant ; 
and, though they feem elfential to the falsification, yet 
have they palled undiftinguifhed by all the older botanifts, 
who confounded them with the petals of the flower. Lin¬ 
naeus firft defined the nectarium to be, that part of the 
ANY. 
fructification which bears the honey belonging to the flow¬ 
er. In its form and manner of appearance, it affords a 
wonderful and curious variety. In the honeyfuckle, the 
tube of the blc.tfom ferves the purpole of a nectary ; but 
in other flowers there is a peculiar organization contrived 
for this purpofe. In the daffodil and columbine, thefe 
parts are very large; for in the former the cup, and in the 
latter the horns, are neCtaries ; but in other flowers they 
are lo remarkably final], as fcarcely to be difcoverable un¬ 
der the microfcope. In fome plants it is united with, and 
makes part of the petals; in others it is detached from 
them. Its fhape and fituation are alio as various ; nor i& 
its ufe abfolutely known, unlefs the fuppofition of its fe- 
creting the honey can be depended upon. In its form and 
charaSer it admits of the following diftinCtions, viz. 
Calcariate neblaria, fuch as rCfemble a calcar or fpur; 
and thefe are either in monop.etalous flowers, as in vale¬ 
rian, rofe-bay, hooded milfoil, and butter-wort; or in po- 
lypetalous, as in butterfly-flower, Urkfpur, violet, and 
fumitory. bbeclaria that lie within the fubfantt of the pe¬ 
tals ; thefe are found in crown imperial, the lily, flower- 
de-luce, Hermannia, ranunculus, pine-apple, barberry, 
and dog’s-tooth violet. Neblaria that crown the corolla ; 
as in palTion flower, daffodil, vifeous campion, African 
fwallow-wort, balfam-tree, witch-hazel, and African fpi- 
raea. Neblaria ot fmgular conftruClion ; as in mignonette, 
heart-pea, ginger, turmeric, nettle, bafe orpine, vanelloe, 
ferew-tree, and willow. Calycine neblaria, fuch as are 
feated upon the calyx ; ap in Indian crefs* bird’s-neft, 
buckler-muftard, and Malpighia. Staminecus neblaria, fuch 
as attend the ftamina ; and thefe are either upon the an- 
tlierae, as in bafe flower-fence ; or upon the filaments, as 
in bay-tree, fraxineila, bean caper, day-flower, marvel of 
Peru, lead-wort, bell-flower, and Roella. Pifillaceous 
neblaria, fuch as accompany the piftillum ; thefe are upon 
the gerrnen, as in hyacinth, floweringrufti, dame’s violet, 
rocket, &c. Reccptaculaceous neblaria, fuch as join to the 
receptacle; as in lathraea, Collinfonia, lefler houfeleek, 
navel-wort, mercury, feafide laurel, honey-flower, and 
African fpiraea—Thefe are the forms in which the nebfa- 
ry moft ufually prefents itfelf in different corolla: ; it muff 
however be acknowledged, that the term feems in fome 
cafes to be applied to fuch parts as do not appear to fecrete, 
or even to contain, any honey-like liquor ; but until the 
ufes of thefe parts (hall be better alcertained, and the eco¬ 
nomy of vegetable life be more fully underftood, an at¬ 
tempt to limit the ufe of the terms, and to create new ones, 
would be premature. Figures of different nebfaries are 
given in the above-mentioned plate, where fig. 22. is the 
nedtary or honey-cup of the daffodil. 23. The horn-fhapqd 
nedhiry of the columbine. 24. A nectary lying within tfte 
fubftance of the petal of the ranunculus. 25. Nectaries in 
the form of little globes fupported on pillars, as in grafs 
of Parnaffus. 26. A calcariate neftary, of the rofe-bay. 
27. A nectary that crowns the corolla; it is that of the 
paflion-Hower. 
The STAMINA. 
The ftamina, or chives, are thofe upright filaments, 
which, on opening a flower, we find within the corolla, 
ftirrounding the piftils. According to Linnreus, they are 
formed of the woody fubftance of the plant, and are the 
male organs of generation. Each ftamen conlifts of two 
parts ; viz. thej filament, or thread, which ferves to elevate, 
the anthera, and connedt it with the flower; and the an¬ 
ther a, or fummit, which is the elfential part; its office 
being to fecrete or prepare the pollen for the impregnation 
of the gerrnen. The characters which diltinguilh thefe 
parts are the follow ing : 
The figure of the filaments is either capillary, like hairs, 
as in plantain ; plane, or fiat, as in ftar of Bethlehem ; cunei¬ 
form, wedge-fhaped, as in meadow rue; fpiral, ferew- 
fhaped, as in hirtella ; emarginate, nicked or notched, a? 
in porana ; rejlex, bent back, as in the fuperb lily; or 
hirfutc , hairy, as in the Virginian fpider-wort, and antheri- 
cum. The proportion of the filaments is either unequal, as 
