K O T 
in fpurge laurel, campion, and fuxifrage; irregular, as in 
tlie honeyfuckle ; very long, as in trichoftema, plantain, 
and birtella; or very Jhort, as in great curled dock. The 
Jituation of the filaments is either oppofite to the leaves or 
l'egments of the calyx, as in the nettie ; or alternate with 
them, as in oleafter, or wild olive. In monopetalous flow¬ 
ers they are inferted into the corolla, but fcarcely ever in 
polypetalous. They are inferted in the calyx in willow- 
herb, tree-primrofe, Ludwigia, water-purliane, fea milk¬ 
wort, and ibap-vvood ; and in fome flowers that have no 
etals, as in wild olive; but it is moll common for them to 
e inferted into the receptacle, like the calyx and corolla. 
With refpedl to the variations of the anthera:, there is 
either a Angle one to each filament, as in the generality of 
plants ; one common to three, as in the gourd ; one to five, 
as in the cardinal-flower, fun-flower, and dandelion ; two 
to each filament, as in mercury ; three to each, as in fumi¬ 
tory ; Jive to three filaments, as in briony ; or five to each, 
as in the chocolate nut-tree. In fome plants that have 
Angle antherse common to the filaments, we not unfre- 
quently find fome of the anthers wanting; thus, one is 
wanting in Cleonia, and Martynia ; two in butter-wort, 
and vervain; three in hedge-hylTop, and in fome ttumpet- 
flowers and geraniums; fiour in turmeric ; and Jive in pen- 
tapetes, and fome geraniums. The number of cells that 
contain the pollen, is either one, as in mercury; two, as 
in hellebore; three, as in the butterfly-flower; or fiour, 
as in crown imperial. The figure of the antherse is either 
oblong and incumbent, as in lilies ; globous, as in mercury ; 
fiagitlate, or arrow-fhaped, as in crocus ; fiubulate, or awl- 
fhaped, as in the tulip ; or cornute, horned, as in witch- 
hazel, winter-green, whortleberry, and heath. They burjl 
either on the fide, as in the greater fnow-drop, and moft 
flowers ; on the apex, as in balm-leaved melifiphyllus, and 
Kiggelaria ; or from the apex to the bafie through the 
whole length, as in barren-wort and lion’s-leaf. They are 
fiafiened either by their baj'e, as in moft plants; by their 
tops, as in meadow fafi’ron ; or by their Jides, adhering to 
the nedtary, as in Indian reed. Their fiiluation is either on 
the tops of the filaments, as in moft plants; on the Jides of 
the filaments, as in true-love and afarabacca; on the pifiil- 
lum, as in birthwort; or on the receptacle, as in wake-robin. 
The figure of the particles ofi pollen appears under the 
microfcope to be either globus echinatus, a prickly ball, as 
in the fun-flower; perfiorate, as in geranium or crane’s-bill; 
double, as in comfrey; rotato-dentate, or wheel-fhaped and 
indented, as in mallow ; angulatc, or cornered, as in violet; 
reniform, or kidney-fhaped, as in daffodil; or convolute, like 
a leaf rolled up, as in borage. 
Reprefentations of the ftamina are given in the plate ; 
where fig. 28. fhews the filament with an awl-fhaped an- 
thera^ it is that of the tulip. 29. A ftamina of the crocus, 
-fhewing the filament with an arrow-fhaped anther. 30. A 
reflex filament with an oblong anthera; it is that of the 
lily. 31. Staminas with unequal filaments, and globous 
anthers; the African geranium. 32. A ftamina with a 
plane filament, and horned anthera; the fir heath. 33. A 
ftamina with five filaments, and one anthera ; the cardinal 
flower. 34. A ftamina with its anther two-celled, globous, 
and double ; the willow. 35. A ftamina with its anther 
burfting at the apex, and fhedding the pollen ; it is the 
balm-leaved melifiphyllus. 36. A ftamina with its anther 
adhering to the margin of the fuperior fide of a nebtary ; 
it is the Indian reed. Several of the figures are magnified, 
to make them confpicuous and intelligible to the reader. 
The PISTILLUM. 
The piftil, or pointal, is a little upright column, gene¬ 
rally placed in the center of the flower. It is formed of 
the medulla or pith of the plant, and is the female organ 
of generation, whofe office is to receive the pollen or fa¬ 
rina of the male, and produce the fruit. It is compofed 
of three parts : x. The getmen, or feed-bud, which is the 
bafis of the piftillum, and the rudiment or embryo of the 
feed, being the pericarpium in its early ftate. 2. The 
Vol.III. No. 128. 
m 
ANY.. H9 
Jylus, or fliaft, which grows out of the germen, and ele* 
vates and fupports the fiigma or fummit. 3. The Jligma, 
which is the apex or fummit of the piftillum, charged with 
a vifeous liquor that receives the pollen, and is compared 
by Linnams to the vulva in female animals. By the attion 
of the antherse, which calls its pollen upon this part, the 
female vegetable is impregnated. This curious operation 
is performed in the following manner : the antherse, which 
at the firft blowing of the flower are whole, bund, after a 
certain time, and difeharge the pollen with an elaftic force 
or fpring, thus difperfing its mealy particles all over the 
interior of the corolla. Part of couffe lodges on the fur- 
face of the ftigma, to which it is attracted and held by the 
moifture with which that part always abounds ; and each 
Angle grain or atom of the pollen, burfting and diifolving 
in this liquor, as it has been obferved to do under the mi¬ 
crofcope, is fuppofed to contribute fome vivifying particle 
or fpirit, that impregnates the germen below. What the 
fubflance is that is fo difeharged, and whether it aftually 
pafles through’ the ftyle into the germen, feems yet unde¬ 
termined, it being difficult to afeertain and detefl the fub- 
tile qualities of fuch minute parts. But whatever be the 
means by which nature produces the effect in queftion, the 
caufe, as far as it has been here explained, feems indifpu- 
table and certain : and accordingly we fee, that after this 
impregnation, when the parts of the flower that have done 
their office are fallen away, the germen fwells to a fruit 
abounding with feeds, by which the fpecies is propagated. 
With refpedt to the variations in the ftrudlure of the 
piftillum, they are as follow : The lacinice of the ftyle or 
fhaft are either bipartite, as in cornutia, and freffi water 
aloe; tripartite, as in clethra, and fea heath ; quadripartite, 
as in buckthorn; dichotomous, halved; and each fegment 
halved again, as in Sebeften plum. The figure of the 
ftyle is either cylindrical, as inholyhock; angulatc, lanceo¬ 
late, or fword-fhaped, and fometimes with a peduncle, as 
in Indian reed ; fiubulate, or awl-fhaped, as in crane’s-bill; 
filiform } or thread-ffiaped, as in crocus ; club-Jhaped, or 
thicker towards the apex, as in the greater fnow-drop. 
In refpefl to length, it is either very long, as in tamarind, 
wild fenna, bell-flower, Indian wheat, and viper’s grafs ; 
very Jhort, as in palmated rhubarb, and poppy ; or of the 
length of the ftamina, as in tobacco, and moft flowers. 
In refpedl to bulk, it is either thicker than the ftamina, as 
in the greater fnow-drop ; thinner, as in ceratocarpus ; or 
of equal thicknefs, as in dead nettle. Its Jituation is either 
on the apex of the germen, as in moft flowers ; both above 
and below the germen, as in caper, and fpurge, (unlefs the 
lower part in them be confidered as the extenfion of the 
receptacle ;) or on the fide of the germen, as in the rofe 
and rafpberry, and alfo in hirtella and furiana.—The 
particular form and ftrmlfture of the germen we (hall not 
notice here, as it comes more properly under Pericarpium. 
With refpect to the variations of the fiigma, the num¬ 
ber is either a Angle one, as in moft flowers; two, as in li¬ 
lac ; three, as in palmated rhubarb ; four, as in willow- 
herb, and grafs of Parnaffus ; or five, as in winter-green. 
The fiegments of the ftigma are either convolute, rolled 
round, as in crocus ; capillary, as in dock ; revolute, or 
reflex, as in pink, carnation, and African crane’s bill; or 
bent to the left, as in vifeous campion. In relpedt to num¬ 
ber, the ftigma may be bifid, trifid, quadrifid, q.uinquefid, 
or fexfid, divided into fix parts, as afarabacca ; or inultifid, 
with many fetaceous or hair-like divifioits; as in nettle¬ 
leaved ciftus, and hollyhock. The figure of the ftigma is 
either linear , or pointed, as in Indian flowering-reed ; ca¬ 
pitate, or headed, as in caltrops, periwinkle, pomegranate, 
and the balfam-tree ; globous, as in priinrofe, mud-wort, 
and water violet ; ovate, or egg-fliaped, as in genipa ; ob- 
tufic, or blunt, as in bafe heath ; truncate, lopped, as in In¬ 
dian arrow-foot; prcjfd down obliquely, as in herb Chrif- 
topher, and fpurge laurel; cmarginate, notched, as in melic, 
or rope-grafs; orbiculate, rounded, as in willow-herb; pel¬ 
tate, or fhield-fhaped, as in the fide.-faddle flower, water 
lily, and poppy; coronfioim, crown-lhaped, as in winter- 
3 ‘ s> green; 
