EOT 
root. 4. Cotyledon, the lobes or Tides of the feed, which 
perifh as the corcuhun advances, and draws from them 
their radical moifture. 5. Hi/um the eye of a bean, or 
the external mark of the feed, where it had been fattened 
to the fruit or receptacle when it grew. 6. Arilms, the 
exterior coat of the feed, which falls off fpontaneouily at 
the proper feafon, 7. Coronula, the little coronet of a feed ; 
which is either calyculus, the calyx of a floret adhering to 
the feed, and allifting it to fly oft'; or pappus, a down, which 
is a feathery, chaffy, or hairy, crown, anfwering the fame 
end, and connefted to the feed by Jlipes, a trunk, which is 
the thread or bridle whereby the down is railed and hip- 
ported. 8. A/a, a wing, or membrane, alfo affixed to the 
feed, whereby it is carried away and felf-fown. Nux, a 
nut; which is a feed inclofed in an olfeous epidermis, a 
bony or hard outer (kin, commonly called the (hell. 
With refpect to the number of feeds, plants are either 
monofpermous, having one feed, as in knot-grafs, and Col- 
linfonia ; difpermous , two, as in carrot ; tnfipermous, three, 
as in fpurge ; or tetrafipermous, four, as in Tournefortia. In 
refpedf to the loculaments of the feed itfelf, it has but one 
in mod plants; but is bilocular , with two cells, in cornelian 
cherry, lelfer burdock, valerian, and Sebeften plum. In 
ref'pedt to figure, it is either cinEl, girt, as in fandwort, and 
bryony; cordifiorm, heart-fhaped, as in climbing African 
afparagus ; reniform, kidney-ftiaped, as in the cadiew-nut- 
tree, and kidney-bean ; ovale, or egg-fliaped, as in milk¬ 
wort, and quill-wort; or echinate, prickly, as in myofotis 
lappula, and carrot. In refpeft to fiubfiance, they are termed 
efious, bony, as in hazel-nut-tree, gromwell, and nuts of 
every kind ; or callous, tough, as in lemon, orange, (had- 
dock, &c. The feeds Have a calyculus, in fcabious, bafe 
hemp agrimony, and arftotis ; a pappus, or down, in fow- 
thidle, bafe hawkweed, and goat’s-beard ; an arillus, in 
coffee, jeffamine, hound’s-tongue, cucumber, white dit¬ 
tany, and the dafftree. In refpedl to fituation, feeds are 
either nidulantia, neftmg, that is, difperled about the pulp, 
as in water lily ; fadened to the fiuture, as in plants that are 
fdiquofe, or podded ; fadened to the columella, as in mal¬ 
low ; or placed on receptacles, as in tobacco, and thorn- 
apple. In the foregoing plate, figure 46. reprefents a kid¬ 
ney-bean, opened to fliew the parts; a, the corculum; b, 
the plumula, or afeending part; c, the roftelUim, or de- 
feending part; d, the lobes. 47. A feed with a calyculus 
or crown ; the wild teazel. 48. A feed with a downy co- 
ronula ; the thiftle. Fig. 49. An echinatea, or prickly 
feed ; the carrot. 
The RECEPTACLE. 
This is the feat or bafe upon which all theother parts 
of the.fructification are fixed and combined. Thus, if we 
take a flower, and pull off' the calyx, the bloftom, the nec¬ 
tary, the flamina, the piftils. the feed-veffel, and the feeds, 
the remaining part, at the top of the ftalk, is the recep¬ 
tacle. In many flowers the receptacle is not a very (hiking 
part, but in others it is altogether large and remarkable; 
thus in the artichoke, after we have taken away the leaves 
of the calyx, the bloffoms, and the chaffy or bridly fub- 
flances adhering to the embryos of the feeds, the part re¬ 
maining, and fo much edeemed tor food, is the receptacle. 
Its dillinftions or appellations are as follow : a common re¬ 
ceptacle, is that which connefts many florets in fuch an 
even manner upon its furface, as that the pulling aw ay any 
of them would caufe a chafm or gap. The palea is a thin 
chaffy fubdance, fpringing from the receptacle to part the 
florets. Umbel/a, an umbel, is a receptacle which, from 
one common center, runs out into many filiform or thread- 
fhaped footdalks of proportionate lengths. It is called a 
fimple umbel, when it has no lubdivifions ; a compound um¬ 
bel, when each footdalk is terminated by an umbellula, or 
little umbel | and, in this cafe, the umbel that bears the 
umbellula on its footdalks, is called an univerfial umbel ; 
and the umbellula, which proceeds from the univerfal um¬ 
bel, a partial umbel. Cyma, or cyme, is a receptacle that 
runs into long faftigiate footdalks, proceeding from the 
ANY. a 5 i 
fame univerfal center, but with irregular partial ones. 
Spadix, is. a receptacle which grows out of a fpatha or 
(heath ; and may be either branched, as in palms, or a 
plane (imple pillar, as in dragon, or wake-robin. 
With regard to the different JlruElures of the receptacle, 
it is only in the clafs which contains the compound flow¬ 
ers, that thefe variations are necelfary to be conlidered. In 
refpedl to its. figure, it is either plane, or flat, as in milfoil, 
and marigold ; convex, or rounding, as in dandelion, and 
feverfew ; or conic, ffiaped like a cone, as in chamomile, 
and purple Rudbeckia. In refpect to furfiace, it is either 
naked, as in feverfew ; punilate, dotted, as in goat’s-beard, 
dandelion, and marigold ; villous, (haggy, as in downy fow- 
thiftle ; fietaceous, briftly, as in blue-bottle ; or paleaceous, 
chaffy, as in golmore, purple Rudbeckia, and chamomile. 
In fame fimple flowers the fruit has feparate receptacles, as 
in laurel-leaved tulip-tree, ovaria, and Michelia/ Fig. 50. 
in the plate, reprefents a common receptacle, flat, punc¬ 
tate, or dotted ; the calendiila-ofticinalis, or common ma¬ 
rigold. 51. A conic, paleaceous, receptacle, befet with 
chaffy feales which feparate the florets; the purple Rud¬ 
beckia. 52. A receptacle of the fruit, having a central 
column, on which the fruit is feated. 53. An umbel, fim¬ 
ple, the peduncles riling from one center of the receptacle ; 
the tooth-leaved androface. 
Such are the parts that enter into the compofition of a 
flov/er ; and thefe we (hall now bring together into one 
view, and briefly recapitulate, for the more immediate in- 
ftrutlion of the learner. For this purpofe, and to furnifti 
an example of the fcientific inveftigation of a plant, we 
have (elected the blue paffion-flower, reprefented at fig. 54. 
of the (ante plate ; where a a, is the involucrum, proper, 
ftationed at a little diftance from the flower, trifoliate, 
(elfile, or w ithout footftalks, concave, coloured, b b, The 
calyx: a perianthium monophyllous, quinquepartite, the 
fegments fomewhat ovate, carinate, or keel-ftiaped on the 
under fide, the keel ending in a hooked brittle, coloured. 
c c, The corolla : pentapetalous, (emi-lanceolate, plain, 
blunt, dcl, The nettarium : coronated, divided into rays, 
furrounding the piftillum. e e, The fiamina: the filaments 
five, Tubulate or awl-fhaped, reflex, fixed to the column, 
and growing together at the bafe ; the antherae oblong, 
obtul’e, incumbent, ff, The pifiillum: the ftyles three, 
(hort, club-fhaped, coloured, fpreuding ; the ffigmas three, 
convex, capitate, nearly reniform, plumofe. g, The ger- 
men, which becomes the pericarpium: unilocular, or having 
but one cell; the feeds numerous, ovate, arillate, netting, 
or lying loofe in the pulp. . k, The receptacle of the fruit, 
a long, ftraight, cylindrical column. 
From the foregoing inveftigation of the parts compofing 
a flower, we are led to conclude, That the eifence of every 
vegetable confifts in its fructification: the eifence of the 
fructification confifts in the flowef and the fruit : the ei¬ 
fence of the flower confifts in the antherae and ftignia : the 
eftence ot the fruit confifts in the feeds. That the feed is 
a deciduous part of a plant, fraught with the rudiments of 
a new plant, and quickened by the pollen. That the an¬ 
thera is the male organ that produces and difeharges the 
pollen. That the pollen is the vivifying fpark that pro¬ 
duces impregnation, though not diftingufthable by the na¬ 
ked eye. That the filament is tlie medium which elevates 
the anthera, and connetts it to the vegetable, forming to¬ 
gether tlie ftamina. That the ftigma is the female or¬ 
gan, which receives the pollen, and conveys it to the ger- 
men. That the ftyle is the medium which elevates the 
ftigma, and connects it with the gernten. That the ger- 
men is the rudiment of the pericarpium, or of the fruit, 
not yet arrived at maturity ; its exigence as a germ being 
chiefly at the time when the anthera is difeharging iis 
pollen ; and that thefe three conftitute the piftillum. That 
the calyx and corolla are the teguments or covers of the 
ftamina and piftillum. That the pericarpium is an organ 
contrived for the purpofe of protecting and maturing die 
feeds: and that the receptacle is the bafe con netting and 
fupponing all the other parts in their natural order. 
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