2 S -8 B O T 
fourth, wherein the four (lamina are always of an equal 
length. Of the three orders of this clafs, the two firft are 
founded upon a diftimSlion in the fruit ; for the flowers 
bear only one piftillum each. The title of the fir(l order, 
Gymnofpermia, is ex prellive of fuch plants as have naked 
feeds; and that of the fecond, Angiofpcrmia , of fuch as 
have their feeds in a pericarpium. Thefe will be fully 
demonftrated in the engravings given to illuftrate the ge¬ 
nera. The third order, Po/ypctala, is exprefiivc of fuch 
flowers as have many petals. This order feems to have 
been eftablifhed in favour of one genus of plants only, the 
meliantkus , the flowers of which are polypetalous, though 
thofe of all the reft of this clafs are monopetalous. The 
clafs Didynamia, order Gymnofpermia, is reprefented at fig. 14. 
the (lamina; p, the piftillum : the balm-leaved melittis. 
Yetradykamia; is a term which in the Greek ex- 
prelles the power or fuperiority of four-, and is made ufe 
of in this place to denote all thofe plants whole bloffoms 
have fix (lamina, four of which are higher, or fuperior to 
the other two; which circumftance diftingtti(lies them from 
plants of the fixth clafs, where the fix filaments arc of 
equal height. The two orders in this clafs, viz. Si/iculofa, 
and Siliqueja, derive their names and di(iin< 5 lions from the 
pericarpium. In the firjl order, the pericarpium is a fili- 
cula, or bivalvular pod, of a round or oval form, or whole 
tranl'verfe diameter is equal, or nearly fo, to its longitu¬ 
dinal; and having the apex of the difiepiment, wdiich had 
firlt been the Ttyle, prominent beyond the valves. The 
fecond order is diftinguifhed by a pericarpium which is a 
Jiliqua, or long pod, confiding of two valvulte, in which 
the feeds are fixed alternately to each future. Miller im¬ 
properly applies this definition to the legumens, or pulfe. 
A delineation of the clafs Tetradynamia, order Siliculofa, is 
given at fig. 15. s, the (lamina ; p, the piftillum : it is the 
bloUbm of the annual lunaria, or moon-wort. The peri- 
carpia will be figured in the plates appropriated to the 
genera. 
Mon ad ei. i>H 1 a, from g.ovoc, unicus, one only, and ahxqim;, 
frater, brother ; is a term ufed to exprefs the confangui- 
nity of one brother. It is chofen in this place to denote 
the union of the filaments of the (lamina, which in this clafs 
do not (land leparate, but are all formed from one fub- 
(lance at the bale, out of which they proceed as from a 
common mother; and the title of the clafs, importing only 
a finglc brotherhood, (hews that there is but one fet of (la¬ 
mina fo united, which diftiriguifhes this clafs from the two 
that follow. The number of the (lamina is not limited ; 
but the orders are founded on the number of the (lamina 
contained in the brotherhood or let; which admitting of 
eight variations in this clafs, the eight orders into which 
it is confequently divided, are named from the titles of the 
early clades in the fyflem, which denote the refpetlive 
number of (lamens contained in each. An example is gi¬ 
ven at fig. 16. which illudrates the clafs Monadelphia , or¬ 
der Dodecandria ; s, the fet of ftamens; />, the piftillum : 
it is the pentapetes, or Indian vervain mallow. 
Dia dei.phia ; this term expreffes a double brotherhood ; 
or that clafs of plants whofe flowers bear two fets of (la¬ 
mina, united in the manner explained in the preceding 
clafs. The number of the (lamina is not limited ; but the 
four orders into which the flowers are divided, are expref- 
five of the number in each brotherhood, and are named, 
in the fame manner as above, from the early clades in the 
fyftem. A reprefentation of the clafs Diadelphia , order 
CHandria, is delineated at fig. 17. s s, the brotherhoods, or 
fets of flamens ; p, the piftillum: it is a blolfom of the 
myrtle-leaved polygala, or milkwort. 
Po Li'AUELFHi a, fignifies many brotherhoods; and is 
ufed here to diftinguifh thofe hermaphrodite plants, whofe 
bloffoms contain many diftindt fets of (lamina. This clafs 
is divided into three orders, expredive of the number of 
flamens contained in each fet; and are fynonymous with 
the names of three of the foregoing clades, from the aptnefs 
of their defignation with thefe three cafes of the united 
itamina. Fig. 18. illudrates the clafs Polyade/phia, order 
A N Y, 
P'olyandria ; s, th e many fets or clufte'rs of (lamina, whiclj 
confift likevvife of many (lamina in a fet, all growing toge¬ 
ther in the corolla; p, the piftilla; which irv-thefe clades 
only ferve to (hew that all the flowers are hermaphrodite. 
Syngenesia, is a term formed of cum, or fimul, 
together, and yn.-cic, generatio, including a. joint or com¬ 
pound generation. It is the clafs under which the com¬ 
pound flowers are arranged ; and is expreflive of the core - 
generation, or connected form of the (lamina; in which.-, 
though the filaments are diftindt and feparate, yet the an- 
therat, which are the parts more immediately fubfervient 
to generation, are united in a cylindraceous figure, and 
perform their office together. To underftand the orders 
in this clafs, it is neceflary to explain what is meant by 
polygamy in flowers. We have already treated of polyga¬ 
mous plants, in p. 255, and fliewn that the term polyga¬ 
mous, as there applied, alluded to the intercommunication 
of the male or female flowers with the hermaphrodite ones, 
either upon the fame, or on a diflinCt plant of the fame 
genus. Hut, in refpecl to flowers, the term is applied to 
a (ingle blollbm only ; for the flowers of this clafs being 
compound, a polygamy arifes from the intercommunication 
of the feveral florets in one and the fame flower. Now 
the polygamy of flowers, in this fenfe of the word, affords 
four cales, which are the foundations of the four firft 
orders of this clafs. ill Order, Polygamia aqualis, or 
equal polygamy, is when all the florets are hermaphrodite. 
2d Order, Polygamia fuperfua, or fupei fluous polygamy, is 
when fome of the florets are hermaphrodite, and others 
female only ; for, in this cafe, as the frudlification is per¬ 
fected in tlie hermaphrodites, the addition of the females 
is a fuperfluity. 3d Order, Polygamiafrufrane a, or fruf- 
traneous or ineffectual polygamy, is when fome of the fleu 
rets are hermaphrodite, and others neuter; for, in this 
cafe, the addition of the neuter is of no affiflance to the fruc¬ 
tification. 4th Order, Polygamia heafaria, or neceflary po¬ 
lygamy, is when fome of the florets are male, and the reft 
female ; for, in this cafe, there being no hermaphrodites, 
the polygamy arifing from the competition of the florets 
of different fexes is neccffary to perfect the frudlification. 
5th Order, Polygamia Jcgrcgata, fignifies to be fparated, the 
plants of this order having partial cups growing out of the 
common calyx, which furround and divide the flofeuli or 
florets. 6th Order, Monogamia, fignifies a fugle marriage, 
and is oppofed to the polygamy of the four firft orders ; 
for in this, though the amliera: are united, which- is the 
effential charadter of the plants of this clalls, tiie flower is 
fmple, and not compounded of many florets, as in the other 
orders.—A delineation of the clafs Syngxnefia, order Poly¬ 
gamia fupeij/ua, is given at fig. 19. h, the hermaphrodite 
corollula?, occupying the whole center, ordiik ; f the fe¬ 
male corollulre, placed round the hermaphrodites, which 
have, in this example, five (lamina and one piftillum. It 
is the xeranthemum, or eternal flower. 
Gvkan.dria, from ym, mulier, a woman, and cen^ 
vir, a man, denotes a male and female ; it is therefore ufed 
here to exprefs the Angular conftrudlion of the frudlifica¬ 
tion in this clafs of plants, in the flowers of which the 
(lamina grow upon the piftillum in fuch a manner, that the 
male and female parts"are united, and do not (land fepa¬ 
rate, as in the other hermaphrodite flowers. The orders 
in this clal’s, being founded on the number of (lamina pro¬ 
duced in the different flowers, the names have been feledl- 
ed from the appropriate titles of the clades, and applied 
as in fome of tiie preceding cafes. Fig. 20, exhibits a de¬ 
lineation of the clafs Gynandria, order Triandria-, s, the 
(lamina ; p, the piftillum: it is the fifyrinchium, or 
Bermudiana. 
Mon oecia, from faov©", unicus, one, and domus, 
a houfe ; denotes a fmgle houfe or habitation. But to un¬ 
derftand the application of this term in the prefent inftance, 
we mud recolledt, that the flowers produced by this clafs 
of plants are not hermaphrodites, but androgynes ; the 
bloffoms that have the (lamina, wanting the piftillum; and 
thofe that have the piftillum, wanting the ftaminn. .Now 
