,z66 B O T 
Calyx: an involucrum, fig. 14, a ; triphyllous, or three¬ 
leaved, tr.iflorous, fupporting a clufler. of three flowers; 
the uvq inferior leaflets: fubrotund, fnia.ll, bhuft; the outer- 
tnoll larger, lanceolate. Perianthium double ; the exterior 
diphyllous, fmall, fubrotund; the interior tetraphylious, 
eredl, oblong, acute, equal, ciliated on the margin: this 
inner perianthium is (hewn at b, fig. 15, confiderably mag¬ 
nified. Corolla: petals four, marked c ; linear, equal, 
very long, obtufe, reflexed at the apex. Nectarium : 
four folioles, or truncate leaflets, growing on the petals of 
the corolla, marked 4 ?. Stamina, marked s; filaments 
four, linear, fhorter than the calyx; antherae obovate, 
two-horned, bent in. Pistjll’jm marked'/* ; the germeri 
ovate, -villofe ; (lyles two, fame length with the (fa mi nag 
(figmas capitate. Fig". 16, (hews the parts taken out of 
the flower, and more confiderably magnified ; g , the ger- 
men, which becomes a nut; n, the neflary ; a, the antherte; 
s, the (figmas. Pericarpium, a, fig, 17 ; a nut, ovate, 
half covered with the calyx, obtufe, furrowed' on both 
lides at the tip ; having two little horns (preading horizon¬ 
tally, two-celled, two-valvcd ; b, a tranfverfe fedfion of 
the nut; c, the feeds.—For the propagation and culture, 
&c. fee Hamameus. 
CLASS V. PENTANDRIA. 
This clafs confifts of fueh plants as bear hermaphrodite 
flowers, furntflied with five (lamina; and they are divided 
into fix orders. The firfl order includes the plants with 
rough leaves; which, Linnaeus fays, are mucilaginous, and 
efeufent. As there is no feed-vefl’el, the cup does not fall 
off', but remains after the bloflbm decays, and contains the 
feeds. Thqfe plants in this, order which bear berries, and 
have a bloflbm compoled of one petal, are generally poifon- 
ous. The fecond ol der contains the plants whofe flowers 
are difpofed in umbels or rundles. Thefe are divided in¬ 
to fuch as have both a general and a partial involucrum, 
fuch as have only a partial one, and fucli as have none at 
all; but as the involucra are not very conflant, and in 
i'ome fpecies are apt to fall off; and as the bloflbms, (la- 
men, and piftilla, are fo much alike as to afford but little 
affiflance in the determination of the genera and fpecies, 
the fludent fhould pay particular attention to the feeds, 
which furniflt the mod unequivocal generic characters, and 
often come powerfully in aid of the fpecific charafter. On 
this account, it may be advifeable to gather Come fpeci- 
mens in which the feeds are nearly ripe, and others but 
jiifl opening into flower. The umbelliferous plants, in dry 
fituations, are aromatic and carminative ; in mold ones, 
acrid, and fometimes poifonous. The greatefi virtues are 
contained in the feeds and roots. Many of them are eaten 
at our tables, as the roots of carrot and parfnip, and the 
leaves of celery. The feeds of coriander and caraway are 
tiled in confectionary. 
Order 1. Monogynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have but one piflillum. There are one hundred and fifty-four 
genera; diflinguifhed into, r. Monopetalous tetrafpermous, 
or t'our-feeded, of which there are fixteen, viz. Heliotro- 
piutn, turufole ; Myofotis, nio.ufe-ear fcorpion grafs ; Li- 
thofpernium, gromwell; Anchufa, buglofs; Cynoglolfum, 
hound’s-tongue ; Pulinonaria, lung-wort; Symphytum, 
co.rufrey ; Oncd'ma ; Cerintlie, honey-wort; Borago, bo¬ 
rage ; Afperugo, wild buglofs, or goofe-grafs; Lycopfis; 
Echium, viper’s buglofs ; Nol.ana ; Tournefortia ? bafket 
withe ; and Melferfchmidia. 2. Monopetalous, with the 
capfuie within the flower ; of which there are thirty-five, 
viz. Diapenfia ; Aretia; Androface ; Primula, primrofe ; 
Cortufa, bear’s-ear fanicle ; Porana ; Soldanella, foldanel; 
Dodecatheon, Virginian co.wflip ; Cyclamen, fovv-bread ; 
Menyanthes, bog-bean, or marlh trefoil ; Hottonea, water 
milfoil, or water vio tt; Hydrophyllum, water-leaf; Ly- 
fimachia, loolefirite jAnagillis, pimpernel;. Theophrafla; 
Patagoinila ; Spigelia, worm-grafs ; Ophiorrhiza, ferpent’s 
tongue ; Randia; Azalea, American upright honeyfuckle; 
Pfitmbago, lead-wort; Phlox, lichnidea, or bade lych¬ 
nis ; Convolvulus, L ad weed ; Ipome.i, quamoclit; Lifi- 
A n y. 
anthus; Eroffiea ; Allamanda ; Polemonium, Greek vale¬ 
rian ; Nigrina; Retzia; Epacris ; Doraena ; Vv'eigela ; 
Tedtona, Indian oak, or teek-wood ; and Ignatia, S°. Ig¬ 
natius’s beans., 3. Monopetalous, with the germen below 
the flower ; of which there are thirty-one, viz. Campanula, 
bell-flower; Roeila; Phyteuma, rampiuns; Trachelium, 
umbelliferous throat-wort; Samulus, round-leaved water 
pimpernel; Nauclea ; Rondeletia ; Macrocnemum ; Bel- 
Ionia ; Portlaridia ; Cinchona, jefuits’ bark tree ; Pfycho- 
rria, ipecacuanha; Coffea, coliee-tree ; Chiococca, (how 
berry; Ceropegia; Lonicera, honeyfuckle; Triolleuin, 
fever-root, or falfe ipecacuanha ; Morinda ;. Conocarpus, 
button-tree; Hamellia;. Erithalis; Menais; Genipa; Mat- 
thiola ; Sctevola ; Mufftenda; Virecta; Efcallonia.; Ca- 
roxylon; Elteadendriun ; and Hovenia. 4. Such as have 
declining (lamina ; of which there are (even, viz. Mira- 
bills, marvel of Peru ; Coris, heath low pine.; Verbaf- 
enm, mullein; Datura, thorn-apple; Hyocyainus, hen¬ 
bane ; Nicptiaria, tobacco ; and Atropa, deadly nightlhade. 
5. Monopetalous, with a b.erry above the receptacle ; of 
which there are twenty-two, viz. Phyfatis, alkekengi, or 
winter cherry ; Solanum, niglitfhade ; Caplicum, Guinea 
pepper ; Strychnos, poifon-nut ; Jacquinia ; Chironia ; 
Cordia, Sebeflen plum; Pergularia ; Ceftrum, baftard jel- 
lamine; Ehretia, bale cherry-tree ; Varronia; Laugieria; 
Lycium, box-thorn ; Chryfophyllum, (lar-apple ; Side- 
roxylum, iron-wood; Rhamnus, buckthorn; Arduina, 
Cape buckthorn ; Ellilia; Phylica, bafe alaternus; Blad- 
hia ; and Fagrsea. 6. Polypetalous, of which there are 
thirty-one, viz. Ceanothus, New Jerfeytea; Byttneria; 
Myrline, African box-tree ; Celaftrus, fiafl-tree; Euony- 
mus, fpindle-tree; Diofina, African fpiraea; Brunia; Itea; 
Galax ; Cedrela, Barbadoes bafe cedar ; Mangifera, man¬ 
go-tree ; Hirtella ; Ribes, currant and goofeberry tree ; 
Gronovia ; I-Iedera, ivy; Vitis, vine; I.agoecia, wild 
cumin; Sauvagefia ; Claytonia ; Achyranthes; Roridula; 
Kuhnia; Pleblronia ; Cyrilla; Aquilicia ; Heliconia, bafe 
or wild plantain ; Cariffa ; Celofia, cock’s-comb ; Calo- 
dendrum ; Chenolea; and Corynocarpus. 7. Incomplete 
flowers, or having no petals, of which there are three, 
viz. Illecebrum, mountain knot-grafs; Glaux, fea milk¬ 
wort, or black falt-wort; and Thefium, bafe toad-flax. 
8. Such as have the lobes of the corollas bent obliquely fo 
the right; of which there are nine, viz. Rauwolfia ; Cer- 
bera ; Vinca, perriwinkle ; Gardenia, Cape jefiamine ; 
Nerium, oleander, or rofe-bay ; Plumeria, red jefiamine ; 
Echites, Savanna flower; Cameraria; and Tabermontana, 
The genus Matthiola, in this order, is now fuppofed to 
be only a fpecies of Guettarda, and is therefore placedj by 
the later botanifts, in the claft Hexandria. 
Order 2. Digynia, comprehending fuch plants as have 
two piftilla. Tlfis order contains feventy-five genera, dif- 
tinguiflied into, 1. Such as have the lobes of the corolla 
bent obliquely to the right; of which there are fix, viz. 
Periploca, Virginian filk; Cynanchum, bafe dog’s-bane ; 
Apocyntim, dog’s-bane; Afclepias, fwallow-vvort; Lin-.: 
conia; and Stapelia, African fvvallow-wort. 2. Mono- 
fpermous, or fingle-feeded ; of whick^there are ten, viz. 
Herniaria, rupture-wort; Chenopodium, goofe-foot, or 
wild orache; Beta, beet; Salfola, glafs-wort; Anabafis, 
berry-bearing glafs-wort; Crefla; Gomphrena, globe-ama¬ 
ranth ; Steris ; Bofea, yerva-mora, or go.lden-rod-tree; 
and Ulmus, elm-tree. 3. Poly fpermous, or many-feeded.; 
of which there are thirteen, viz. Nama; Hyarolea ; Heu- 
chera, Virginian fanicle ; Swertia, uiarfli gentian ; Schre- 
bera; Velezia; Gentiana, gentian, or fell-wort; Bumalda; 
Coprofma ; Cufl'onia; Melodinus; Rufleha; and Vahlia. 
4, Gymnodifpermous, having two naked feeds, with a Am¬ 
ple umbel; ot which there are three, viz. Phyllis, bafe 
hare’s-ear; Eryngium, eryngo, or fea-holly ; and H.ydio- 
cotyle, water navel-wort. 5. Gymnodifpermous with.an 
univerfal and partial involucrum, of which, there are twe.n- 
ty-feven, viz. Sanicula, fanicle; Aftrant.i?, black mafter- 
wort; Bupleurum, hare’s-ear; Echi nop flora, prickly parf- 
nep; Tordylium, hart-wort of Crete; Caucaiis^ bafe 
parfiey ; 
