Botany, 
jttrfjcy j Arfcdia; Caucus, carrot i Ammi, bifhop’s-vveed 5 
Ilunium, pig-nut, or earth-nut ; Coniiun, hemlock; Seli- 
inim, milk-parlley ; Athamanta, bale fpignel; Peuceda- 
pum, hog’s-fcnnel, or fulphur-wort; Crithmum, famphire ; 
Haffelquiftia ; Cachrys; Ferula, fennel-giant; Laferpitium, 
lafer-wort; Heracleum, cow-parfnip; Ligufticum, lovage ; 
•Angelica; Sium, water-parfnip ; Sifon, bafe ftone-parflev ; 
Bubon, Macedonian parfley; Cuminum, cumin ; and Oe- 
nanthe, water drop-wort. 6. Gymnodilpermoits with only 
one partial umbel; of which there are eight, viz. Phellan- 
drium ; Cicuta, water hemlock ; /Ethula, lelfer hemlock, 
or fool’s parfley ; Coriandrum, coriander ; Scandix, ftiep- 
lierd’s needle, or Venus’s comb ; Chacrophyllum, wild 
chervil; Imperatoria, mafler-wort; and Sefeli, hart-wort 
of Marfeilles. 7. Gymnodilpermoits without any involu- 
crum ; of which there are eight, viz. Thapfia, deadly car¬ 
rot, or fcorching fennel ; Paflinaca, parl'nip ; Smyrnium, 
alexanders ; Anethum, dill; Carum, carriti, or carraway ; 
Pimpinella, burnet faxifrage; Apium, parfley ; and iEgo- 
podium, herb gerrard, gout-wort, or wild angelica. 
Order 3. Trig ynia, comprehending fuch plants as have 
three piftilla. This order contains feventeen genera, viz. 
Kims, 1 'umach,, or poifon-tree; Viburnum, pliant mealy- 
tree, or wayfaring-tree; Caffine, Hottentot cherry ; Sairt- 
bucus, elder-tree ; Spathelia ; Staphylea, bladder-nut; 
Tamarix, tamarifk; Tusnera; Telephium, tree orpine; 
Corrigiola, bale knot-grafs; Pharnaceum ; Alline, chick- 
weed ; Drypis ; Bafelia, Malabar nightthade ; Sarothra, 
Bale gentian; Xylophylla, love-flower ; and Semecarpus, 
Order 4. Tetracykia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have four piftilla. This order contains two genera-, 
viz. Parnaflia, grafs of Parnaiius ; and Evolvulus. 
Order 5. Pen tag ynia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have five pill ilia. This order contains ten genera, viz. 
Aralia, berry-bearing angelica ; Mahernia-; Statice, thrift, 
or fea-pink; Linum, flax; Aldrovanda ; Drofera, fun- 
dew ; CralTula, lefl'er orpine ; Sib'oaldia ; Gifekia ; and 
Commerfonia. 
Order 6. Polygynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have many piftilla. This order contains but one genus, 
viz. Myofurus, moufe-taif. 
Example for Investigation. 
To illuftrate the clafs Pentandria, we fhall feleCt from 
the fourth order the plant ParnaJJia, or grafs of Parnaiius-; 
which, in. this place, will come very properly under, exa¬ 
mination. Cai.yx, fig. 18; a perianthium quinqnepartite; 
the laciniae oblong,acute, patent, permanent. Corolla, 
fig. 19; the petals five, fubrotund, emarginate, ftriate, con¬ 
cave, patent. Nectarium : divided into five difrinCi: 
parts, placed on the bafe of the petals ; each part confid¬ 
ing of a cordate fquama, concave, with thirleen filiform 
ftyles, furniflied with globular heads, rifing gradually high¬ 
er to the center, forming a femcircular curve : one of tliefe 
ne Claris, taken out of the corolla, is ftiewn confiderably 
magnified, at fig. 20; it is the ejfmlial character of the ge¬ 
nera. Stamina, s, fig. 19; filaments five, fubulate,. length 
of the corolla ; antherse depreffed, incumbent. Pistil- 
Lum, fig. 21; germen, g, ovate, bluntly four-cornered, 
large; ftyles, none ; ftigmas, four, obtufe, permanent,,ly¬ 
ing on the apex of the germen, croftivife, coloured. Pt- 
WCARPium : the germen, fig. 21, now a capfule, tetrago- 
r.ous, unilocular, opening with four valves, fig. 22; united 
with the receptacle,' to which the feed-3'adhere. 1 Seeds : 
a great many, oblong, lying upon the receptacle, attached 
to the valves of the capfule; a, two feeds magnified.—See 
the article Pa rn as si a. 
CLASS VI. HEXANDRIA. 
In this clafs the flowers contain fix ftamina, all of the 
fame length-, whereas, in the Tetradynamia clafs, the fta¬ 
mina, though fix in number, are unequal in length, four of 
them being long, and two of them ftiort : but as the dif¬ 
ference in their length is not always very obvious, it may 
be further obfeeved, as a mark of diftinCliou, that. in.this 
clafs none of the flowers Ifave four petals; which is the cafe 
with all thofe in the clafs Tetradynamia. Some of the 
bulbous roots in this clafs are found to be noxious;, as 
thole of tiie narciftus, hyacinth, and crown imperial; others 
are corrolive, as the garlic or onion tribe; but by roufling 
or boiling they lofe great part of tlveir acrimony. The ge¬ 
nera in this clafs are divided into the five orders following. 
Order i . Monogynia, comprehending fuch plants-as 
have but one piftillum. This order contains fixty-two gerte- 
ra, diftinguifhed into, 1. Such as have trifid corollas, and a 
calyx; of which there are feven, viz. Bromelia, ananas, or 
pine-apple; Tilland/ia; Burmannia; Tradefcantia, Vir¬ 
ginian fpideivivort; Burfera, Jamaica birch-tree ; Licuala; 
and Lachemalia. 2. Such as have monophyllous fpatha, 
of which there are nine, viz. Pontederia ; Hasmanthus, 
blood-flower; Galanthus, lnowdrop ; Leucoium, greater 
l'nowdrop; Tulbagia; NarcilTus, daffodil; Pancratium, 
lea-daffodil ; Duroia ; and Nandina. 3. Such as are hex- 
apetalous and naked, i. e. without a calyx ; of which there 
are twenty-five, viz. Crinum, afphodel-lily ; Amaryllis, 
lily-daffodil; Bulbocodium ; Aphyllanthes ; Allium, gar¬ 
lic; Lilium, lily; Fritillaria, crown imperial ; Uvularia ;; 
Gloriofa, fuperb lily; Ttilipa, tulip; Erythronium, dog’s- 
tooth violet; Albuca, bafe ftar of Bethlehem ; Ornitho- 
galum, ftar of Bethlehem ; Seilla, fquill ; Hypoxis, bafe 
ftar-flovver; CyanelLa ; Afphodelus, afphodel, or king’s- 
fpear; Anthericum, fpider-wort; Leontice, lion’s-leaf; 
Dracena, dragon-tree ; Afparagus, fparagrafs, or fpeerage: 
Ehrharta ; Maftbnia ; Pbormium ; and Poilia. 4. Mono- 
petalous and naked, of which there are ten, viz. Conval- 
laria, lily of the valley ; Polyanthes, tuberofe ; Hyacin- 
thus, hyacinth ; Aletris, bafe aloe; Yucca, Adam’s nee¬ 
dle ; Aloe; Agave, American aloe ; Alftroemeria ; Ca¬ 
pita; and Hemerocallis, day-lily, or lily-afphodel. 5. Such 
as have a calyx, but the corollae not trifid, of which there 
are thirteen, viz. Acorus, fweetrnfli; Orontium, floating 
arum; Calamus; Juncus, rulb ; Achras, fapota ; Ri- 
chardia; Prinos, winter-berry; Berberis, barberry, or pip- 
peridge-bufh ; Loranthus; Frankenia, fea-heath; Hillia ;. 
Peplis, water-purflane; and Canarina, Canary bell-flower. 
Order 2. Digynia, comprehending fuch plants as have 
two piftilla. This order contains four genera, viz. Atra- 
phaxis; Oryza, rice ; Falkia ; and Gahnia. 
Order 3. Trig-ynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have three piftilla. This order contains ten genera, viz. 
Flagellaria ; Rurnex, dock; Scheuchzeria, lefl'er flowering- 
riifh; Triglochin, arrow-headed grafs; Melanthium ; Me- 
deola, climbing African afparagus; Trillium, three-leaved 
nightftiade ; Colchicum, meadow faffron ; Helonias ; and 
Wurmbea. 
Order Of. Tetrag ynia, comprehending fuch plant's as 
have four piftilla. Of this order there is but one genus, 
viz- Petivera, Guinea-hen weed. 
Order 5. Polygynia, comprehending fuch plants' as 
have many piltilla. Of this order there is'but one genus, 
viz. Alifma, water-plantain. 
Example for Investigation; 
We have now chofen, from the third order of this clafs, 
a well-known familiar plant, the Rurnex, or curled dock ; 
being perfuaded, that the more common, and Ample, the 
fubjeftof' inveftigation is, the more every learner will'lrave 
it in his power to make experiments for his own private 
information. In difleCting the fructification of this plant, 
the parts are necetfarily magnified to a confiderabie degree, 
to make them diftinCt and obvious. They are as follow : 
Calyx, marked a, fig; 23; a perianthium triphylious, tlre\ 
folioles or leafiis ovate, acute, coloured, reflected, perma¬ 
nent. Corolla : the petals three, ovate or egg-lhaped, 
not unlike the calyx, but larger, approaching,.permanent: 
it is reprefented juft.as it begins to open, at h, fig. 23, fit¬ 
ting upon its calyx ; and it is ftiewn expanded at fig. 24. 
Sta.mtn.ai, marked s ; filaments five, capillary, very ftiort ; 
anther® ereCt, didymous. PisTilldm, marked p; ger¬ 
men, g, turbinate and triquetrous; ftyles three; capillary, 
3 reflected j 
