253 -13 O T 
reflefted; ftigmaslarge, laciniafed. Pericarpium none; 
the corolla approaching or clofing up, and becoming three- 
cornered, as at fig. 25, contains the feed. Seed: (ingle, 
triquetrous, or three-fided, marked c, magnified. See the 
article Rumex, 
CLASS VII. HEPTANDRIA. 
The plants of this clafs oppofe no difficulty to the-pro- 
pi refs of the young botanill ; they are all furnilhed with 
fcven (lamina, and are divided into four orders. 
■O'dcr 1. Monogynia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have but one piftillum. This order contains three ge¬ 
nera, viz. Trientalis, winter green with duckweed flow¬ 
ers ; Difandra; and ^Efculus, horfe-chefnut. 
Order 2. Digynia, comprehending fuc-h plants as 
have two piflilla. Tliis order.contains but one genus, viz. 
Limeum. 
Order 3. Tetragynia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have four piflilla. Of this order there are but two ge¬ 
nera, viz. Saururus, lizard’s tail; and Aponog.eton. 
Order 4. Heftagynia, containing fuch plants as hav-e 
(even piflilla. Of this order there is but one genus, viz. 
Septas. 
Example for Investigation. 
In the third order of this clafs a plant occurs, whofe 
Trustification is an amentum, or catkin ; it is the Saururus, 
>r lizard’s tail ; and as this kind of plant has not been be¬ 
fore fufficiently illuflrated, it comes now very properly un¬ 
der our notice. Calyx, fig. 26; an amentum,-oblong, 
eovered-with very minute flowers; fig. 27, the fame magni¬ 
fied to (hew the flowers more diflind ; fome of them pulled 
away. The proper perianthium marked b, fig. 28, mo- 
nophyllous, ovate, lateral, coloured, pilous or hairy, per¬ 
manent. Corolla, none. Stamina, s, fig. 28; fila¬ 
ments feven, filiform; antherae oblong, ered. Pisti-l- 
lum, p, fig.28; the germens four, ovate, placed on the 
bale of the proper perianthium, marked g ; the ftyles 
thickiffi, fubulate; the ftigmas Ample, acute, adhering 
w ithin the apex of the germens : fig. 28, is taken from off 
the amentum, and very confiderably magnified to.expofe 
thefe parts. Pericarpium : four berries, fig. 29, which 
were the four germens ; ovate, unilocular; thefe berries 
adhere to the amentum till they ripen and fall away. 
.Seed, c; (ingle, ovate; the berries and feed greatly mag¬ 
nified. See the article Saururus. 
CLASS VIII. OCTANDRIA. 
This clafs confifls of fuch plants as bear hermaphrodite 
flower?, furniflxed with eight (lamina. The orders are 
four, viz. 
Order 1. Monogynia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have but one piftillum. Of this order there are thirty- 
one genera, viz. Tropaeolum, Indian crefs ; Olbeckia, gold 
rofe feather; Rhexia, foap-wood ; Oenothera, tree-prim- 
rofe ; Gaura, Virginian loofeftrife ; Epilobium, willow- 
herb, or Frendh willow ; Mellicocca ; Griftea;' Arnyris, 
(lirubby fvveet wood ; Allophyllus ; Combretum; Fuchfia; 
Ximenia ; Mimufops; Jambolifera ; Memecylon ; Law- 
fonia ; Vaccinium, wlvortle-berry; Erica, heath; Daphne, 
mezereon, or fpurge-laurel; Dirca, leather-wood; Gnidia; 
Stellera, German grotindfel; Pafferina, fparrow-wort; 
I.achnaea ; Antichorus ; Chlora, yellow centaury ; Dode- 
naea ; Ophira ; Guarea ; and Rteckea. 
Order 2. Digynia, comprehending fuch plants ashave 
two piflilla. This order contains five genera, viz. Galenia, 
Cape jeflamine ; Weinmannia ; Mochringia, mountain 
duckweed ; Schmiedelia; and Codia. 
Order 3. Trigynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have three piflilla. This order contains five genera, viz. 
Polygonium, knot-grafs; Coccoloba, fea-fide grape ; Paul- 
liivia, fupple-jack ; Cardiofpermuvn, heart-pea ; and Sa- 
•pindus, foap-berry. 
Order 4. Tetragynia, comprehending fuch plants 
.as have four piflilla. This order contains four genera, viz. 
.Paris, herb true-love ? or one - berry ; Adoxa, tuberous 
A N T. 
mofchatel, or hollow-root; Elatme, water-wort 5 arfd ITa- 
loragis._ . ;. 
Example for Investigation. 
Wc have in this place felected the Adoxa, or tuberous 
mofchatel, belonging to the fourth order of this clafs. It 
is by fome called uiujk crowfoot ; the flowers having a ftrong 
fmell of mnfk. Calyx, fig. 30; a perianthium bifid, 
fpreading flat, below the flowers, permanent. Corolla; 
monopetalous, fpreading, fiat,.quadrifid, the lacirfias ovate, 
acute,longer than the calyx, many flowers in aclufler, fig.31. 
Stamina: the filaments eight, fig. 32, s ; fubulate, length 
of the calyx ; antherae fubrotund. Pisti llum, p ; the 
germen within the receptacle of the corolla ; flyles four, 
Ample, erect, length of the ftamens, permanent ; the ftig¬ 
mas Ample: tliis figure is a bloffom taken from the duffer, 
and greatly magnified. Pericarpium, fig. 33; a globous 
berry, (ituated between the calyx and corolla, the calyx 
joined at the bafe to the berry, umbilicate, quadrilocular. 
Seeds : one in each cell, comprelfed ; (hewn at a, mag¬ 
nified. See Adoxa, vol.i. p.124. 
CLASS IX. ENNEANDRIA. 
This clafs confifls of fuch plants as bear hermaphrodite 
flowers, furnilhed with nine (lamina. The orders are 
three, viz. 
Order Monogynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have but one piftillum. This order contains four genera, 
viz. Laurus, bay-tree; Tinus ; Anacardium, acajou, or 
cafliew - nut; and Caffyta. 
Order 2. Tetragynia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have three piflilla. This order contains but one genus, 
viz. Rheum, rhubarb. 
Order 3. Hexagynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have fix piflilla. Of this order there is but one genus, viz, 
Butomus, flowering-rufli. 
Example .for Investigation. 
The frudlification of the plant which we (hall now bring 
under infpedlion, is of a very lingular and curious fabric^ 
it is the Caffyta , a native of both the Indies, ranking in 
the firft order of this clafs. Calyx, none; what was for¬ 
merly, taken for the calyx, is now decided to be a part of 
the corolla. Corolla, marked a, in the Botanical 
Plate XII. fig. 1, fexpartite ; the three inferior petals, for¬ 
merly taken for a calyx, very fmall, acute, concave ; the 
three fuperior ones larger, fubrotund, acute, concave, per¬ 
manent, their margins from the middle to their apices con¬ 
volute. Nectarium : formed of three glands marked 
oblong, truncate, coloured, of the length of the germen, 
and ftanding round it. Stamina, marked s ; the fila¬ 
ments nine, ere< 5 l, fubulate, flattilh ; the antherae trilo¬ 
bate, or three-lobed. Pistillum, p ; the germen g, in- 
ferious, (landing under the flower, ovate; ffyle cylindri¬ 
cal, thickiffi, length of the ftamens ; ftigma obfeurely tri¬ 
fid, obtufe. Pericarpium, fig. 2 ; the receptacle, grow¬ 
ing out into a depreffed globular drupe, crowned with the 
converging corolla, perforated with a navel. Seed : a 
nut, globular, acuminate with the converging (lamina; 
c, a fedlion of the nut. See the article Cassyta. 
CLASS X. DECANDRIA. 
In this clafs the flowers are likewife all hermaphrodite, 
and furniffied with ten (lamina eac'h. The parts in general 
are pretty obvious to view, and may witli eafe be invefti- 
gated by the young botanift. The genera are divided into 
•the five following orders, viz. 
Order x. Mokogvnia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have but one piftillum. This order contains fifty-fix 
genera, diflinguiffied into, 1. Siich as have declined (la¬ 
mina, of which there are fourteen, viz. Sophora; Anagy- 
ris, (linking bean trefoil ; Cercis, Judas tree; Bauhinia, 
mountain ebony ; Parkinfonia, Jerufalem thorn ; Hyme- 
n;ea, locuft-tree, or courbaril; Caffia, wild fenna; Poin- 
ciana, Barbadoes flower-fence; Caefalpinia, brafiletto; 
Guilandina^ bonduc, or nichar-tree ; Guajacum, lignum 
