B O T 
vitas; Cynometra; Swietenia, mahogany-tree ; and Dic- 
tamnus, fraxinella, or white dittany. 2. Such as have 
eredl (lamina, of- which there are forty-one, viz. Rota, 
rue; Tolvifera, ball'am of tola-tree ; HematoXylum, log¬ 
wood ; Adenanthera, bate flower-fence ; Melia, bread- 
tree; Trichilia; Zygophyllum, bean-caper ; Quafiia, Si- 
marouba bark ; Fagonia ; Trjbulus, caltrops; Thryallis; 
Murraya ; Monotropa, bird’s-nert; ; JulTieua; Limonia ; 
Melaftoma, American goofeberry ; Kalmia, dwarf Ame¬ 
rican laurel; Lodiun, trtatlh ciftus, or wild rofemary ; 
Quifqualis ; Dais; Bcrgera ; Bucida ; Copaifera, ball’am 
copivi tree ; Samyda ; Rhododendron, dwarf rofe-bay ; 
Andromeda, bale heath ; Epigaea, trailing arbutus ; Gual- 
theria, Canadian vine; Arbutus, draw berry-tree; Clethra; 
Pyrola, winter-green; Profopis ; Heifteria; Chalcas; Codon; 
Styrax, ftorax-tree ; Turrrea ; Diomea, Venus’s fly-trap ; 
Ekebergia; Inocarpus; and My roxylon, balfam of Peru. 
Order 2. Digynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have two piftilla. Ot this order there are twelve gene¬ 
ra, viz. Royena, African bladder-nut; Hydrangea; Cu- 
nonia; Chryfofplenium, golden faxifrage; Saxifraga, faxi- 
frage ; Tiarella, American fanicle ; Mitella, bate Ameri¬ 
can (article ; Sclerantlms, German knot grafs, or knawel; 
Trianthema, horfe purflane; Gypfophila; Saponaria, foap- 
wort ; and Dianthus, pink, carnation, &c. 
Order 3. Trigynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have three piftilla. Of this order there are twelve genera, 
viz. Cucubalus, berry-bearing chickweed ; Silene, vif- 
cous campion ; Stellaria, greater chickweed ; Arenaria, 
fandwort ; Cherleria ; Garidella, fennel flower of Crete ; 
Malpighia, Barbadoes cherry ; Banifteria ; Triopteris ; 
Erythroxilum 5 Hiraaa ; and Deutzia. 
Order 4. Pentagynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have five piftilla. Of this order there are fourteen genera, 
viz. Averrhoa; Spondias, hog-plum; Cotyledon, navel- 
wort; Sedum, leffer houfeleek; Penthorum ; Oxalis, wood- 
forrel ; Suriana; Lychnis, campion; Agroftemma, rofe 
campion, or wild lichnis; Ceraftium, moufe-ear chickweed; 
Spergula, fpurray ; Grielum; Forfkohlea; and Bergia. 
Order 5. Decagynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have ten piftilla. This order contains two genera, viz. 
Neurada; and Phytolacca, American nightlhade. 
Example for Investigation. 
The fimple plant now chofen for confideration, is the 
Stellaria , or greater chickweed, which, in the magnified 
(late here reprefented, has the advantage of (hewing out 
all the parts of fructification in the moll obvious manner. 
Calyx, fig. 3; a perianthium pentaphyllous, the folioles 
or leafits ovately lanceolate, concave, acute, patent, per¬ 
manent. Corolla, a, fig.4; the petals five, bipartite, 
plain, oblong, marefcent, or withering on the plant. Sta¬ 
mina, marked s ; the filaments ten, filiform, (horter than 
the corolla ; alternately long and (hort; antherae cordate, 
or heart-fliaped. Pistillum, marked p\ the germen, 
g , fubrotund ; ftyles three, filiform, fpreading ; ftigmas 
obtufe. Pericarpium, fig.5; a capfule, ovate, clofe, 
unilocular, fex-valvular. Seeds, b, magnified; many, 
fubrotund, comprdTed, lying loole in the capfule. See 
the article Stellaria. 
CLASS XI. DODEC ANDRIA. 
To difcriminate accurately the genera, arranged under 
this head, will require particular attention from a learner; 
becaufe, although the fignificant term appropriated to this 
clafs would induce us to fuppofe that each of the flowers 
contained twelve (lamina ; yet, in fail, it is an affemblage 
of plants whofe blofloms bear from twelve to nineteen (la¬ 
mina, inclufive.. Though (till, the plant Tormentilla af¬ 
fords an exception to the rule ; for though it has precifely 
fixteen (lamina, it does not belong to this clafs. The rea- 
fon is, becaufe the other characters in its fructification 
over-rule the number of the male parts, and aftign it a 
place in the clafs Icofandria. The Euphorbia , or fpurge, is 
.the mod difficult genus in the wholje of the prefect clafs, 
,Vq.l. Ill, No. 129. 
'ANY. i z6 9 
occafioned by the number of (lamina being generally tin- 
certain ; thofe which do exift (landing forth only a few at 
a time, and the effulion of milky juice abounding in thefe 
plants, makes the diffeCUon of the flowers very difficult to 
accomplifti. But thefe difficulties will foon begot over 
by patience and perfeverance. Tlfe orders into which the 
Dodecandria plants are divided, are five, as follow : 
Order 1. Monogynia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have but one piftillum. This order contains twenty- 
five genera, viz. Afarum, afarabacca; Gethyllis; Boc-. 
conia, tree celandine ; Rizophora, mangrove, or candle of 
the Indians; Blakea; Garcinia, mangoftan ; Wioterana ; 
Cratasva, garlic pear; Triumfetta, bur bark-tree; Baf- 
(ia ; Peganum, wild Syrian rue ; Halelia, fnow-drop tree 5 
Nitraria ; Portulaca, purflane ; Hudfonia ; Lythrum, wil¬ 
low-herb ; Ginora ; Decumaria; Befaria; Vatica; Apac- 
tis; Canella, white cinnamon; Dodecas; Eurya; and 
Ariftotelia. Gethyllis is now removed into the firfl order 
of the clafs Hexandria. 
Order 2. DigynIa, comprehending fuch plants as have 
two piftilla. Of this order there are two genera, viz. 
Heliocarpus, fun-feed ; and Agrimonia, agrimony. 
Order 3. Trigynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have three piftilla. This order contains five genera, viz. 
Refeda, mignionette, orbafe rocket; Euphorbia, burning 
thorny plant, or fpurge; Pallafia; Tacca; and Vifnea.—■ 
Pallalia, an obfcure genus, is removed into the clafs Syn- 
genefia, order Polygamia fruftranea. 
Order 4. Pentagynia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have five piftilla. This order contains but one genus, 
viz. Glinus. 
Order 5. Dodecagynia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have twelve (lamina. This order contains but one ge¬ 
nus, viz. Sempervivum, houfeleek. 
Examples for Investigation. 
The plant Afarum, or afarabacca, in the firft order of this 
clafs, affording a very curious and beautiful fabric in its 
fructification, we diall bring under examination that plant, 
and then give a difleCtion of the more obfcure genus Euphor¬ 
bia. The fpecies of afarabacca delineated in the annexed 
plate, is the Canadian, which is hairy, and larger than 
the European plant. Calyx, fig.6; a perianthium rao- 
nophyllous, campanulate or bell-lhaped, femitrifid, cori¬ 
aceous, coloured, villous, permanent; lacinias or clefts 
ereCt, acuminate, ovate, bent in at the top. Corolla, 
none. Stamin a, s, fig. 7 ; which (hews the fructification 
in a more advanced (late : the filaments twelve, furround¬ 
ing the piftillum, fubulate, (hot ter than the calyx ; an- 
theras oblong, fattened to the middle partition of the fila¬ 
ments, as (hewn at fig. 8, which reprefents the whole (la¬ 
mina taken out of the flower. Pistillum, p ; the ger¬ 
men, g, below the calyx, and concealed within its fub- 
ftance; ftyle, a cylindraceous cone, thick, obtufe, hexa¬ 
gonal, the length of the ftamens ; ftigma ftellate, orftar- 
(haped, fexpartite, the lacinias obtufe, reflexed. Peri¬ 
carpium, fig. 9; a capfule, ovate, covered with the dry 
calyx, coriaceous, with fix loculaments. Seeds : feveraf, 
ovate, (hewn at a , of their natural fize. Fig. 10. a tranf- 
verfe fedtion of the pericarpium, to (hew the loculaments 
or feed veffels. See Asarum, vol.ii. p. 250. 
To illuftrate the difficult genus Euphorbia, we have cho¬ 
fen the fpecies lat/iyris ; it is a native of Fiance and Italy, 
and has been cultivated in the Englifh gardens ever fince 
the time of Gerard. Calyx, aa, fig. 11. a perianthium 
monophyllous, ventricofe, coloured, dentate, or four¬ 
toothed at the mouth, permanent. Corolla, b b \ the 
petals four, (in fome few five,) turbinate, gibbous, (well¬ 
ed, truncate, unequal, (landing alternate with the denti¬ 
cles or teeth of the calyx, as'at fig. 12, which reprefents 
the bloffom ftretched out; cc, the teeth of the calyx : the 
ungues or claws of the petals are placed on the margin ot 
the calyx, permanent. The petals do the office of a nec- 
tarium. Stamina, marked s, fig. 11; the filaments many, 
(twelve or more,) filiform, articulate, inferted on the re- 
3 Z ccptacle, 
