B O T 
ftyles, longer than the (lamina; ftigmas ereCt, fimple; 
paleas or chaff's, ten, rugous, (liort, feparating and iiiclo- 
fing the germens. Pericarpium, fig. 19; five capfules, 
(landing upon the receptacle, parallel, ereCt, acuminate, 
cylindric, univalve, opening inwardly at the apex. Seeds, 
marked b\ numerous, ovate, keeled, joined to the opening 
futures. For the fpecies and propagation, fee Aqjm- 
LEGIA, vol. i. p. 842. 
CLASS XIV. DIDYNAMIA. 
The eflential character of this clafs confifts in the flow¬ 
ers being furnifiied with four (lamina, two of which are 
long , and tw'o Jliort. The (liort (laniens (land next toge¬ 
ther, and adjoining to the (tyle of the pidillum. They are 
covered by the blofl'om, which is irregular in its (hape. 
This clafs comprehends the whirled, the lipped, the maik- 
ed, the gaping, and the grinning, flowers of former au¬ 
thors. The drutture of the fructification in this clafs is 
fo much alike in all the genera, that, when the general 
characters are known, all the plants may be ealily didin- 
guilhed by them. They are as follow : 
Characters of the Class Bidynamia. 
Calyx: A perianthium, monophyllous, ereCt, tubu¬ 
late, quinquefid, with fegments for the mod part unequal, 
and perlifting. 
Corolla: Monopetalous and ereCt, the bafe of which 
contains the honey, and performs the office of a nectariuni. 
The upper lip (Iraight, the lower fpreading and trifid. The 
middle lacinia or fegment the broadeft. 
Stamina : Four filaments, fubulate, inferted in the 
tube of the corolla, and inclined towards the back of it. 
The two neareft the (horted. All of them parallel, and 
rarely exceeding the length of the corolla. The antherae 
lodged under the upper lip of the corolla in pairs ; in each 
of which refpeCtively the two anthers approach each other. 
Pistillum : The germen commonly above the recep¬ 
tacle. The (lyle Angle, filiform, bent in the lame manner 
as the filaments, and ufually placed within them, a little 
exceeding them in length, and (lightly curved towards the 
fummit. The (tigma for the moll part emarginate. 
Pericarpium : Either .wanting, as in the firfl order ; 
or, if prefent, ufually bilocular, as in the fecond order; 
fometimes, though rarely, quadrilocular. 
Seeds : If no pericarpium, four, lodged within the 
hollow of the calyx, as in a capfule; but if there be a pe¬ 
ricarpium, more numerous, and faltened to a receptacle 
placed in the middle of the pericarpium.—The flowers of 
this clafs are, for the mod part, nearly upright, but lean¬ 
ing a little from the flem, that the bloflom may more 
efRCtually cover theantherae from the rain, and the pollen 
more eafily fail upon the fummit. The plants in the firfl 
order of this clafs are odoriferous, cephalic., and refolvent. 
None of them are poifonous. The orders are only two, viz. 
Order j. Gymnospermia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have naked feeds. This order hath thefe farther cha¬ 
racters, viz. the feeds four (excepting Phryma, which is 
monofpermous); and the (tigma bipartite, and acute, with 
the lower lacinia reflexed. It contains thirty-four genera, 
diftinguhhed into, 1. Such as have the calyx quinquefid, 
and nearly equal, of which there are twenty, viz. Ajuga, 
bugle; Teucrium, germander; Satureja, favory ; Thym- 
bra, mountain hyffop ; Hyflopus, hyflbp ; Nepeta, nep, ox- 
catmint; Lavandula, lavender ; Betonica, betony ; Side- 
ritis, iron-wort; Mentha, mint; Glechoma, gill, or ground- 
ivy ; Perilla ; Lamium, dead nettle, or archangel ; Gale- 
opfis, hedge nettle; Stachys, bafe horehound ; Ballota, 
’ black horehound ; Marrtibium, horehound ; Leonurus, 
lion’s-tail; Phlomis, Jerufalem fage ; and Molucella, Mo¬ 
lucca balm. 2. Such as have the calyx bilabiate, (divi¬ 
ded into two lips ;) of which there are fourteen, viz. Cli- 
uopodium, field bafil; Origanum, wild marjoram; Thymus, 
thyme ; Meliffa, bairn ; Dracocephalum, dragon’s-head ; 
Horminum, Pyrentean clary ; Melittis, balm-leaved arch¬ 
angel, or bafe balm ; Ocymum, bafil; Trichoftema; Scu- 
A N Y. 271 
tellaria, fcull-cap; Prunella, felf-heal; Cleonia; Prafiun*, 
fimibby hedge-nettle ; and Phryma. 
Order 2. Anciospf.rmiA, comprehending fuch plants 
as have the feeds in a pericarpium, which circumflance is 
condant, and diftinguiflies this order from the lad in every 
form. To this character may be added that of a (tigma 
commonly obtufe. This order contains fixty-nine genera, 
difiinguifhed into, 1. Such as have a fimple (tigma, and 
perfonate corollas; of which there are thirteen, viz. Bart- 
lia ; Rhinantlnis, elephant’s-head ; Euphralia, eyebright; 
Melampyrum, cow-wheat; Lathnea ; Schwalbea; Tozzia; 
Pedicularis, rattle coxcomb, or loufe-wortt Gerardia ; 
Chelonc, humming-bird tree ; Gefneria ; Antirrhinum, 
fnap-dragon, or calves’-fnout ; and Cymbaria. 2. A lim- 
pie (tigma and lpreading corollae, of which there are thirty, 
viz. Craniolaria; Martynia; Torenia; Scrophularia, fig- 
wort; Celfia; Digitalis, fox-glove; Bignonia, trumpet- 
flower; Brunsfelfia ; Citharexylnm, fiddle-wood; Hal- 
leria, African fly honeyfuckle ; Crefcentia, calabafh-tree ; 
Gmelina ; Petrea ; Lantana, American viburnum; Cor- 
ntitia ; Loefelia ; Capraria, fweet-weed ; Seiago ; Heben- 
ftreitia; Erinus; Buchnera; Browallia ; Linnsea ; Sib- 
thorpia, bafe money-wort ; Limofella, mud-wort, or lead 
water-plantain; Hemimeris; Cadilleja ; Millingtonia ; 
Tlmnbergia ; and Amafonia. 3. With a double (tigma ; 
of which there are twenty-five, viz. Stemodia; Obolaria ; 
Orobanche, broom-rape ; Dodartia ; Lippia ; Sefamtim, 
oily purging-grain ; Mimulus, monkey-flower ; Ruellia ; 
Barleria; Duranta; Ovieda; Volkameria; Clerodendrum j 
Vitex, agnus cadus, or chade-tree ; Bontia, Barbadoes 
wild olive ; Columnea ; Acanthus, bear’s-breech ; Peda- 
lium ; Avicennia ; Vandellia; Manulea ; Bederia ; Lin- 
dernia; Premna; and Hyobancbe. 4. Such as have many 
petals, of which there is but one genus, viz. Melianthus,. 
honey- flower. 
Example for Investigation. 
The fubjeCt here cliofen for examination, is the Melian- 
t/ius, or honey-flower. The parts of fructification afe ex¬ 
tremely obvious: the flower is perfectly bilabiate ; its 
upper lip is condruCted of the four fuperior lacinias ox- 
fegments of the calyx, and the ereCl petalum ; its under 
lip condds of the bag-diaped lacinia in the calyx, with the 
four petals that have the reflected points. Its anatomical 
defcription is as follows : Calyx, fig. 20; a perianthium 
quinquepartite, large, unequal, coloured ; the two fupe- 
perior fegments oblong, ereCt ; the (ingle under one very 
fhort, fhaped like a bag, gibbous downwards ; the two 
middle fegments oppofite, interior, lanceolate ; the two 
upper ones fimple. Corolla: the petals five, lanceo¬ 
late ; the upper one ereCt, fimple ; the other four on the 
upper fide patent, reflex at the apices. Fig. 21, (hews the 
calyx expanded, with the corolla, damina, Sec. placed up¬ 
on it; a a, the fegments of the calyx ; bb , the petals of 
the corolla. Nectarium, marked «; monophyllous, 
placed within the bag-like fegment of the calyx, very 
fhort, compreffed at the Tides, cut on the margin, the back 
declining. Stamina, s; the filaments four, Tubulate, 
erect, two long, two (dorter ; antheras cordate, oblong, 
on the forepart quadrilocular. Pistillum, p ; the gei- 
men, g, tetragonous, gibbous, four-toothed ; dyle ereCt,. 
Tubulate, of the length of the damens ; (tigma quadrifid. 
Pericarpium, fig. 22; a capfule, quadrangular, quadri¬ 
locular, femiquadrifid ; the angles acute, didanr ; the lo- 
culaments or cells inflated ; the diflepiment opening in 
the center, gaping between the angles. Seeds : four, 
fubglobous, fixed in the center of the capfule.—See the 
article Melianthus. 
CLASS XV. TETRADYNAMIA. 
In the flowers of this clafs there are fix damina ; forr 
of them long, and two fhort. It is alfo worthy of obfer- 
vation, that the flowers of this clafs have uniformly four 
petals. An attention to this circumdance will probably 
fave the learner fome trouble, as the difference of length 
