B O T A N V. 
Order 4. DeCANDRIA, comprehending fuch plants as 
jiave ten dami'na. Tins order contains three genera, viz. 
Connarus, Ceylon furaach ; Geranium, crane’s-bill; and 
Htigonia. 
Order 5. Enneandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have nine (lamina. Of this order there is but one genus, 
viz. Dryandra. 
Order 6. Endecandria, comprehending fuch plants 
as have eleven (lamina. Of this order ther.e is only one 
genus, viz. Brownea. 
Order 7. Dodecanuria, comprehending fuch plants 
as have twelve (lamina. This order contains two genera, 
viz. Pentapetes ; and Monfonia. 
Order 8. Polyandria, .comprehending fuch plants as 
have many (lamina. This order contains pw.euty-one .ge¬ 
nera, viz. B.ombax, filk cotton-tree ; Sida, Indian mallow ; 
Adanfonia, Ethiopian four gourd, or monkies’-bcead ; 
Althaea, marfh-mallow ; Alpea, hollyhock, or role-mal¬ 
low ; Malva, maljow ; Lavatera, mallow-tree ; Malope, 
bafe mallow ; .Urenu, Indian mallow ; Gollypium, cotton- 
tree ; Hibifcus, althea frutex, or Syrian mallow ; Ste - 
artia ; Camellia, Japan role ; Morifonia ; Media, Indian 
rofe-chefnut; Malaehra ; Gordonia, loblolly-bay ; Gufla- 
via ; .Carolinea ; Barringtonia ; and Solandra. This lad 
genus is now removed into the clafs Pentandria, order 
Monogynia. 
Example for Investigation. 
The plant here (elected to demondrate the charadters of 
the genera in the clafs Monadelphia, is the Geranium, or 
crane’s-bill, belonging to the fourth order. Calyx, 
fm.26; a perianthium quinquepyrtite, the Jacinias or feg- 
ments lanceolate, acute, concave, permanent. Corolla, 
fig. 27 ; the petals five, obcordate, patent or fpreading, 
large. Nectari.um, n ; five honied glands, fattened to 
the b^fe of the filaments. Stamina, j; the filaments 
ten, fubulate or awl-fhaped, connebled fliglnly at the bafe, 
didinft at the top, diorte.r than the corolla ; anthers ovate, 
verfatile. Pistillum, p ; the germen, g, fig. 2§ ; quin- 
queangular, rodrated or beaked ; dyle fubulate, longer 
than the ftamina, permanent; fligmas five, reflex. Peri- 
carpium, fig- 29; a capfitle five-grained, beaked, the cells 
opening inwards, each having a Ample naked tail fixed to 
it. Seeds, <2; one in each cell, oblong.—See the article 
Geranium. 
CLASS XVII. DIADELPHIA. 
This clafs comprehends the butterfly-diaped flowers, 
and the leguminous plants of fome authors. Linnaeus 
takes the claflic character from the difpojition, and the cha¬ 
racter of the orders from the number of the damens. From 
the title of this clafs, the young botanid will be led to 
imagine, that the filaments are always formed into two 
lets, but this is by no means the cafe; in many indances 
they are united into one fet. The butterfly-diape of the 
bloflom will, therefore, be a direr guide. If the dudent 
will take the flower of a garden-pea, and compare it with 
the following natural charafter, there will no longer re¬ 
main any difficulty in pronouncing, at firfi fight, whether 
a plant belong to this clafs or not. 
Natural Character. 
Calyx : A .perianthium monophyllous, .campannlate, 
or bell-diaped, withering. The bafe gibbous, the lower 
part fadened to the peduncle, the upper ohtufe and melli¬ 
ferous. The brim quinquedentate, acute, ereft, oblique, 
unequal. The lowed denticle longer than the red; the 
upper pair (horter and farther afunder. The bottom of 
the cavity moid with a melleous .liquor, including the 
receptacle. 
Corolla : Papilionaceous, or butterfly-fliaped, une¬ 
qual ; the petals expreded by didinft names, viz. Vexil- 
. lum , the fiandard ; a petal covering the red, incumbent, 
greater, plane-horizontal, inferted by its claw in the upper 
margin of the receptacle, approaching to a circular figure 
•when it leaves the calyx, and nearly entirealohg-it> and 
Vol. 111 . No. 130. 
2 73 
efpeciajly towards its extremity, runs a-line, or ridge, that 
rife,s up, as if the lower part of the petal had been com- 
pretred ; the part of the petal next to the bafe, approach¬ 
ing : to a femicylindric figure, embraces the parts that li,e 
under it. Thedilk of tjjte petal is deprelfed on each (ide, 
but the hides of it neared the margin are re,defied upwards. 
Where the halved tube ends, and the halved limb begins 
to unfold itfelf, are t,wo concave impreflions prpminent 
underneath, and comprefilng the wings, which lie under 
them. — Ala:, the wings; are two equalpetals, one at each 
fide of the. flower, placed under the yexillum; incumbent, 
with their margins parallel, rppndi/h, or oblong, broader 
upwards, the upper pnargin draighter, the lower fpread- 
ing more into a roundnefs ; the bafe of each wing hifid, 
tjie'low.er div.ifiou firetching out into a claw, inferted in 
the fide of.the receptacle, and about the length of the ta- 
lyx ; t ; he upper diorter and indexed...— Carina , the keel ; 
the lovved petal, often bipartite, placed under the vexil¬ 
lum and between the alae ; boat-diaped, concave, com- 
prefled on the (ides, fet like a yefiel afloat, mutilate at the 
bafe, .the lower part of which runs into a claw of the length 
of the calyx, and inferted in tire receptacle, but the upper 
and (ide laciiiiae are interwoven with that part of the alas 
that is of the fame (hape. The form of the fid.es- of the 
Carina is much like that of the alae ; and fo alio is their 
fituation, except that they are lower, and fiand within 
them. The lipe that forms the carina, or keel, in this pe¬ 
tal, runs.draight as.far as the middle, and then rifes gra¬ 
dually in the fegment of a circle, but the marginal line 
runs draigh.t to the extremity, where meeting the carinal, 
they terminate obtufely. 
Stamina: Called diadelphia. The filaments two, of 
different forms, viz. a lower one that involves the pidil- 
lum, and an upper one incumbent on it. The former of 
tfiefe, from the middle downwards, is cylindraceous, mem¬ 
branaceous, and fplit lengthwife on its upper fide ; but 
the upper half terminates in nine fubulate parts, that are 
of the fame length with, and follow the flexure of the ca¬ 
rina of the corolla, and of which the intermediate or lower 
radii are longer by alternate pairs. The upper filament is 
fubulate-fetous, covering the (flitting of the former cylin- 
draceous filament, incumbent on it, anfwering to it in (itu- 
ation, Ample, and gradually diorter ; its bale is detached 
from the red, and prepares an outlet for the honey on each 
fide. The antheras reckoned all together are ten, one on 
the upper filament, and nine on the lower, each of the radii 
being furnidied with a (ingle one : they are final], all of 
one (ize, and terminate the radii. 
Pistillum : Single, growing out of the receptacle, 
within the calyx. The germen oblong, roundidi, (lightly 
compreded, draight, of the length of the cylinder of the 
lower filament which involves it. The dyle fubulate, fili¬ 
form, afcending, having the fame length and pofition as 
the radii of the filaments, among which it is placed, and 
withering. The ftigma dow ny, of the length of the dyle 
from the part turned upwards, and placed immediately 
under the anthene. 
Pericarpium : A legumen, oblong, compreded, ob- 
tufe, bivalved, with a longitudinal future both above and 
below ; each future (trait, though the upper one falls near 
the bafe, and the lower one riles near the top. The legu¬ 
men opens at the upper future. 
Seeds: Several, roundidi, fmooth, flediy, pendulous, 
marked with an embryo that is a little prominent towards 
the point of infertion. When the young plant is exclud¬ 
ed, the cotyledons preferve the form of the halved feed. 
Receptacle: The proper receptacles of the feeds 
are very fmall, very (hort, thinner towards the bafe, ob- 
tufe at the di(k that-fattens them, oblong, inferted longi¬ 
tudinally in the upper future of the legumen only, but 
placed alternate ; fo that, when the valvulse have been 
parted, the feeds adhere alternately to each of the valves. 
This clafs is perfedlly natural, and the firudture of the 
flowers extremely lingular: their fituation is generally 
obliquely pendant. The figure of the legumen is not of 
4 A fo 
