B O T 
in each partial calyx ; of which there is only one genus, 
viz. Sphjaerantlnrs, globe-flower. 3. Such as have one 
flofculus in each partial calyx; of which there are three 
genera,viz. Echinops, globe-thiftle ; Gundelia; andSioebe, 
bafe Ethiopian elychrifum. 4. Such as have three flofcu.li 
in each partial cup, of which there is only one genus, viz. 
Jungia.' 
Order 6 . Monocamia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have fitpple flowers. This order contains fev.e.n genera, 
viz. Strumfia ; Seriphj.um ; Corymbium; Jaiione, (beep’s 
fcabio'US ; Lobelia, cardinal-flower; Viola, violet; and 
1 mpatiens, halfam, or female bal famine. The genera of this 
lad order are now removed into the clafs Pentandria, order 
Monogvnia by which this clafs is made truly natural. 
Examples for Investigation. 
To enable the reader to form a more perfect comprehen- 
fion of the flructure of a compound flower, we (liall felebt 
two examples .from among the flowers of this clafs. The 
.firtl, is the Helianthus, or fun- flow er, belonging to the or¬ 
der Palyganiia fruflranea, w hich will afford a very clear de- 
monfiratio.n of the radiated fpecies. Calyx, fig_. 5 ; com¬ 
mon. imbricate, expanded ; the fc.ales or leafits oblong, 
acuminate, broadi.fli at the bate, the apices or tips dehil- 
.cent, gaping or bending outwards. Corolla, fig. 6 ; 
the compound ,corolla radiate; its corollulae are either tliofe 
, of the hermaphrodite fiofcules, very numerous, and placed 
in the di(k, marked a ; o : r tliofe of the neutral fiofcules, 
lefs. numerous, but much. larger, and placeu in the radius 
or circumference, marked b. The proper corolla of her¬ 
maphrodite fiofcules, cylindraceous, (horte'r than rhe ca¬ 
lyx, ventricofe, or fuelling at the bale, orbiculate, de- 
prelfed ; the limb quinquedentate, acute, patent. One of 
thefe hermaphrodite fiofcules, taken out of the interior bor¬ 
der or corolla, and magnified, is reprefented at fig. 7. 
The neutral fiofcules ligulate, i.e. tongue or (trap fhaped, 
lanceolate, entire, v,ery long: one,of thefe neutral fiofcules, 
taken from the radius or external border, is (hewn at fig. 8, 
magnified. Stamina, marked s, fig. 7 ; the filaments of 
the hermaphrodites five, curved, inlerted below the ven- 
tricofepart of the corollula ; the length of the tube. Pis- 
TiLLUM, p, fig. 7 ; in the hermaphrodites, germen, g, ob¬ 
long ; (lyle filiform, length of the corollula; (ligma bi¬ 
partite, reflex. In the neuter fiofcule, fig. 8, the ger¬ 
men, g, very final 1 ; (lyle and llignta, none. In fig. 7, d, 
(hews the penanthium of tlie hermaphrodite fiofcule or 
corollet, which afterw ards becomes the pappus of the feed; 
and c (hew s the quinquedentate limb of the fiofcule. Pe- 
ricarpium, none; the dry calyx, fig. 9, (upplying its 
place. Seeds, fig. 10; in the hermaphrodites folitary, i.e. 
one to each fiofcule, oblong, ohtufe, tetragonous, at the op- 
polite angles comprelfed, narrow at the lower part, crown¬ 
ed w ith a pappus, or two lanceolate arifias or chaffs, acute, 
deciduous. The neutral fiofcules have a germen, but no 
feeds. See the article Helianthus. 
We have chofen, for the fecond example, the Echinops, 
or globe t.hid le, which belongs to the order Polygamia 
fegregata; and this appears the bed calculated for our 
purpofe, becaufe it 1 llu (r rates the character of the globular 
receptacle, and the Angle floret, deferibed in p. 25a. Ca¬ 
lyx, fig. 11 ; common, poiyphyllous, the fcales tabulate, 
entirely reflected ; becoming, full of fmgle florets, as at 
fig. 12; the partial perianthitun, a, fig. 13 ; uniflorous, 
oblong, imbricate, angular; the leafits b, fubulate, lax on 
the upper part, ereCt,• ciliate, permanent. Corolla, c, 
fig. 12; monopetalous, the length of the calyx, tubular, 
the limb or border fivecleft, reflex and fpreading, c, fig. 13, 
greatly magnified. Stamina, s, fig. 13 ; the filaments 
five, capillary, very (liort; antherae cylindraceous, tubu¬ 
lated, with five teeth. Pistillum, p ; the germen, g, 
oblong ; (lyle filiform, the length of the corolla ; (ligma 
double, fom.ewhat deprefled, revoLute. Pericarpium, 
none ; the dry calyx, fig. 14, unchanged, fupplying its 
place. Receptacle, d, fig.,15 ; common, globular, be- 
fet with brill ly chaff. Seeds : folitary, e, fig. 13 ; ovate, 
A N Y. 
oblong, narrow at the bafe, apex obtufe; down obfeure. 
'—See the article Echinops. 
CLASS XX. GYNANDRIA. 
This clafs is one of tliofe .which has been lately abo- 
lifhed. It confifts of fuch plants as have the (lamina grow¬ 
ing either upon the (lyle it’felf, or upon a' receptacle that 
(lretch.es out into the form of a (lyle, and fupports both the 
(lamina and the pidilliUn. The flowers are by (pme wai¬ 
ters termed menjlrous, in confequence of this peculiar druc- 
ture- of their parts. The orders are nine, which we (ball 
particularize; but it is fird neceffary to explain the order 
Diandria. The flowers of this order have a very peculiar 
ItruCture, anfwering to the following defeription : 
Character of the OrderDiANDRiA„Ciafs Gynandria. 
The germen is always contort: the petals are five ; of 
which tlie two inner ones ufually approach and form a ga¬ 
lea ; the lower lip of which becomes a neCtarium, and 
ferves alfo for a pidillum and fixtb petal. The (lyle grows 
to the inner margin of the neCtarium, in fuch a manner as 
to be with its digma fcarce either of them didinguidiabie. 
The filaments are always two, fupporting as many anthe¬ 
rs, which are narrower downward^, paked, or without 
tunic, and divisible, like the pulp of a citrus. Thefe lad 
are covered by little cells, that are open underneath, and 
grow to the inner margin itfelf of the nefitariu m. The 
fruit is a capfule, unilocular, trivalved, and fplits in the 
angles under the carinate ribs. The feeds are fcobiform, 
numerous, affixed to a linear receptacle in each valvule. 
The orders in this clafs are as follow : 
Order 1 . Diandria, comprehending fuch plants as have 
two damina. This order contains eleven genera, viz. Or-< 
chis, butterfly-flower; Satyrium, lizard-flower; Ophrys, 
twayblade ; Serapias, helleborine ; Limodorutn, bafe hel¬ 
lebore ; Arethufa ; Cypripedium, ladies’ flipper; Epi- 
dendrum, vanilla or vanelloe ; Gunnera ; Forfteria ; and 
Difa. In the new arrangement thefe genera are placed 
under the clafs Diandria. 
Order 2. Triandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have three damina. This order contains three genera, viz. 
Sifyrinchiuni, bermudiana; Ferraria ; and Salacia. Thefe 
genera are removed into the clafs Triandria. 
Order 3. Tetrandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have four damina. Of this order there is but one genus, 
viz. Nepenthes ; now placed in the clafs Tetrandria. 
Order 4. Pentandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have five damina. This order contains three genera, viz. 
Palliflora, padioa-flower; Gluta; and Ayehia. Thefe 
are removed to the clafs Pentandria. 
Order 5. Hexandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have fix damina. This order contains two genera, viz. 
Aridolochia, birthwort; and Pidia, water-houfeleek ; both 
placed in the clafs Hexandria. 
Order 6. Octandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have eight damina. Of this order there is only one genus, 
viz. Scopolia ; now in the clafs Pentandria. 
Order 7. Decandria, comprehending 'fuch plants as 
have ten damina. Of this order there are but two gene¬ 
ra, viz. Helicteres, ferew-tree ; and Kleinhovia ; both 
removed into the clafs Decandria.. 
Order 8. Dodecandria, comprehending fuch plants 
as have twelve damina. This order contains but one ge¬ 
nus, viz. Citinus, hypocidis; now in the clafs Dodecandria. 
Order 9. Polyandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have many damina. This order contains eight genera, viz. 
Grevvia ; Xylopia, bitter-wood ; Arum, wake robin, or 
cuckoo pint; Dracontium, dragons; Calla, Ethiopian 
arum; Pothos, feunkweed; Ambrofinia; and Zodera, 
grafs-wrack. Pothos is removed into the clafs Pentandria ; 
Dracontium into the clafs Heptandria; and the other fix 
genera are placed in the clafs Polyandria. 
Example for Investigation. 
The flower chofen to illullrate tlie characters of tlie ge¬ 
nera 
