J 3 O T 
nera in this clafs, is the broad-leaved Orchis, or butterfly- 
flower, belonging to the firfl order ; which affords a very 
clearand curiousdemoidlration df the partsof fructification. 
Calyx, fig. 16 ; a fpatlia, a, indeterminately placed ; the 
fpadix, b, fimple. PeriantHium, none. Corolla, 
fig. 17 ; the petals five, three exterior, and two interior, which 
form a galea or helmet, marked c. Nectarium, marked 
v, monophyllous, within the infertion of the petals, fixed 
to the receptacle d , fig. 17 ; the upper lip, e, fig. x 8 , ereCt, 
very fliort, the under lip, A large, patent, broad, dcTcend- 
ing'in a corniform or horn-fltaped tube; marked h.' Sta¬ 
mina, j; the filaments two, very (lender, very fliort', fixed 
on the pi dill tint; antherae obovate, ereCt, covered by the 
duplicate bilocular upper lip of the nettarium. Pistil- 
lum , p ■, the germeri, g, oblong, twifled, (landing under 
the flower ; (iyle, fixed to the upper lip of the neCtarium, 
very fltort; ftignta contpreffed, obtufe. Pericarpium, 
fig. 19, and 20 ; a capfule oblong, unilocular, having thred 
keels, as (hewn at 7 , fig. 19 ; trivalvular, opening under 
the Carinas, in three divilions, adhering together at the 
bafe and the apex, as in fig. 20. Seeds, numerous, very 
lfnall, like faw-duft; as (hewn at k, fig. 19.—See Orchis. 
CLASS XXI. MONOECIA. 
This clafs, which is now alfo aboli(hed, was framed by 
Linnaeus to comprehend all fuch plants as have no herma¬ 
phrodite flowers, but fuch only as are androgynous, bear¬ 
ing both male and female flowers on the fame plant. The 
orders are eleven, viz. 
Order 1. MonAndria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflted with one ftamen. This 
order contains ten genera, viz. Zannichellia, triple-headed 
pond-weed ; Ceratocarpus; Cynomorium ; Elaterium, 
fpring-gourd ; Chara ; TEgopricon ; Artocarpus, bread¬ 
fruit-tree ; Nipa; Cafuarina ; and Phyllachne. Thefe 
genera, in the new arrangement, are placed in the clafs 
Monandria. 
Order 2. Diandria, comprehending fuch plants as have 
their male flowers furniflied with two (lamina. This or¬ 
der contains two genera, viz. Lemna, duck-meat; and An- 
guria ; both of which are removed to the clafs Diandria. 
Order 3. Triandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with three (lamina. This 
order contains twelve genera, viz. Omphalea ; Typha, 
cat’s-tail, or reed-mace ; Sparganium, burr-reed ; Zea, 
Indian or Turkey wheat; Coix, Job’s tears ; Tripfactnn ; 
Olyra; Carex, fedge, or cyperus grafs ; Axyris; Tragia ; 
Hernandia, jack-in-a-box ; and Phyllanthus, fea-lide laurel. 
Thefe genera are now removed into the clafs Triandria, 
except the genus Omphalea, which is placed in the clafs 
Diandria. 
Order 4. Tetrandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with four (lamina. This 
order contains eight genera, viz. Betula, birch-tree; Bux- 
us,' box-tree; Urtica, nettle; Morns, mulberry-tree; 
Cicca ; Serpicula ; Littorella ; and Aucuba. Thefe are 
now placed under the clafs Tetrandria. 
Order 5. Pentandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have the male flowers furniflied with five (lamina. This 
order containseight genera, viz. Xanthium, leffer burdock, 
Ambrofia; Parthenium, bafe-feverfew ; Iva, falfe Jefuits’ 
bark-tree; Leea ; Amaranthus, amaranth, or flower gen¬ 
tle ; Nephelium ; and Clibadium. Thefe genera are all 
carried into the clafs Pentandria, except the genus Arna- 
ranthus, which is placed in the clafs Triandria. 
Order 6. Hexandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with fix (lamina. Of 
this order there are two genera, viz. Zizania, water-oats, 
or tare-grafs; and Pliarus ; both which are removed into 
the clafs Hexandria. 
Order 7. Heptandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with feven (lamina. Of 
this order there is but one genus, viz. Guettardo; now 
placed in the clafs Hexandria. 
Order 8. Polyandkia; comprehending fuch plants as 
Vol. 111 . No. 130. * 
A N Y. z 77 
have their male flowers furniflied with many (lamina. This 
order contains thirteen genera, viz. Ceratophyllum, horn- 
wort ; Theligonum, dogs-cabbage ; Juglans, walnut-tree ; 
Fagus, beech-tree; and Carpinus, hornbeam; thefe five 
are removed into the Clafs Dodecandria. Corylus, hazel 
or nut-tree ; Quercus, oak-tree ; and Myriophyllum, wa¬ 
ter-milfoil ; thefe three are carried into the clafs Odtandria. 
Platanus, plane-tree; Liquidambar, fweet-gtim; Pote- 
rium, garden burnet ; Sagittaria, arrow-head ; and Be¬ 
gonia : which five are removed into the clafs Polyandria. 
Order 9. Monadelphia, comprehending fuch plantsas 
have their male flowers furniflied with one fet of united 
(lamina. This order contains fifteen genera, viz. Hura, 
(andbox-tree ; Pinus, pine-tree ; Cuprelfus, cyprefs ; Thu¬ 
ja, arbor vits; Acalypha; Dalechampia; Plucknetia; G11- 
pania ; Croton, tallow-tree, or bafe ricinus ; Ricinus, pal- 
ma-chrifti ; Jatropha, calfava, or manihot; Sterculia ; 
Hippomane, manchineel; Stillingia; and.Gnetum. Thefe 
plants are now carried into the clafs Monadelphid, except 
Hura, which is placed in the clafs Enneandria; and Cu- 
pania, which is removed to the clafs OCtandria. 
Order 10. Syngenesia, comprehending fuch plantsas 
have their male flowers furniflied with (lamina, ot which 
the antherae are united. This order contains- fix genera, 
viz. Tricofanthes, ferpent-cucuinber; Momordica, maid 
balfam apple; Cucumis, cucumber; Cucurbita, gourd; 
Sicyos, (ingle-feeded cucumber; and Bryonia, briony. 
Thefe genera are removed into the clafs Triandria. 
Order u. Gynandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with (lamina that grow 
out of a kind of flyle, or imperfedt piftillum, the perfect 
one being in the female flower. This order contains' two 
genera, viz. Andrachne, bafe orpine; and Agyneia ; the 
firfl of which is removed into the clafs Pentandria ; and 
the latter into the clafs Triandria. 
Example for Investigation. 
Though this is one of the clafles lately aboliflied, we (hall 
neverthelefs invefligate one of the genera placed under it 
by Linnaeus, in order to (hew the Monoecious charaOler, which 
induced him to arrange thefe plants by themfelves. We 
have feledted for this purpofe the Momordica , or male bal¬ 
fam apple ; the fructification in which being extremely ob¬ 
vious, l'eems well calculated to afford the neceflkry infor¬ 
mation to a learner. Calyx, of the male Jlower, fee Bo¬ 
tanical Plate XIV. fig. 1 ; a periantliium monophyllous, 
concave, quinquefid ; the lacinias or fegments oblong, 
fpreading. Corolla, fig. 2 ; quinquepartite, united with 
the calyx, more fpreading, large, veinous, rugous. Sta¬ 
mina, s, fig. 3 ; the filaments three, Tubulate, fliort; an¬ 
thers placed on two filaments, bifid, having ears on both 
Aides at a ; the third has only an ear on one fide, confifting 
of a comprefled body, and a fariniferous lacinia once reflex. 
This figure reprefents the ftamina taken out of the flower, 
and greatly magnified. Female Jlower, on the fame plant. —• 
Calyx, fig. 4; a periantliium monophyllous, fuperior, or 
(landing above the germen, quinquepartite, the laciniae or 
leafits lanceolate, fpreading. Corolla, fig. 5 ; quinque¬ 
partite as in the male. Stamina, none ; there being three 
fliort filaments deflitute of antherae, as (hewn at b, fig. 4. 
Pistillum , p, fig. 4; germen, g, inferior, or (landingbe¬ 
low the flower, of a conic form, large; flyle (ingle, round, 
like a column, as at c, fig. 4; ftigmas three, gibbous, ob-, 
long, pointing outwards, as at d. Pericarpium, fig. 6 ; 
a pome, dry, oblong, opening with an elaftic force to dis¬ 
charge the feeds, trilocular, as at fig-. 7 ; the difl'epiments 
or cells membranaceous, (oft, diftant. Seeds : many, 
comprelfed, covered at the bafe with an exterior fcale like 
a berry, as (hewn at e. The fruit i^ attenuated at both ends, 
angular, and tubereulated.—See the article Momordica. 
CLASS XXII. DIOECIA. 
This clafs, by the modern arrangement, is alfo abolifli¬ 
ed. Linnaeus placed under it the whole of thofe plants 
which have no hermaphrodite flowers, but that bear male 
4 B and 
