*7* B O T 
and lerrtale flowers on different ordiftinff plants; thefe lie 
divided into the fifteen orders following. 
Order i. Monandria, comprehending fuel) plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with one ftamen. This 
order contains only three genera, viz. Dombeya, removed 
into the clafs Monadelphia ; Najas ; and Pandanus, ferew- 
pine ; removed under Monandria Monogynia. 
Order 2. Diandria, comprehending fuch plants as have 
their male flowers furnifhed with two (lamina. This order 
contains three genera, viz. Vallifneria ;■ Salix, willow; 
and Cecropia-, trumpet-tree. Thefe genera are removed 
into the clafs Diandria. 
Order 3. Triandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with three (lamina. This 
order contains fix genera, viz, Einpetrum, black-berried 
heath, or crow-berries; Ofyris, poet’s callia ; Caturus; 
Exccecaria, aloes wood ; Refiio ; and Maba.—Removed 
into the clafs Triandria. 
Order 4. Tetrandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with four (lamina. This 
order contains feven genera, viz. Vifcum, milletoe; Hip- 
pophte, fea buckthorn ; Myrica, candleberry-myrtle, gale, 
or fweet willow ; Trophis; Batis; Montinia pand Brucea. 
-—Hippophse is removed into the clafs Pentandria ; all the 
other genera into the clafs Tetrandria. 
Order 5. Pentandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with five (lamina. This 
order contains twelve genera, viz. Piftacia, piftacia-nut; 
Zanthoxylmn, tooth-ach tree ; Aftronium ; Ireline ; An- 
tidefma, Chinefe laurel ; Spinacia, fpinage ; Acnida, 
Virginian hemp ; Cannabis, hemp; Humulus, hop; Za- 
nonia ; Feuillea ; and Canarium. The genera of this 
order are all removed into the clafs Pentandria. 
Order 6. Hexandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with fix (lamina. This 
order contains four genera, viz. Tamils, black bryony ; 
Smilax, rough bindweed ; Rajania ; and Diofcorea, In¬ 
dian yam. Thefe genera are removed into the clafs Hex¬ 
andria. 
Order 7. Octandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with eight (lamina. 
This order contains three genera, viz. Populus, poplar- 
tree ; Rodiola, rofe-root; and Margaritaria. The plants 
in this order are removed into the clafs OiSlandria. 
Order 8. Enneandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with nine (lamina. This 
order contains two genera, viz. Mercurialis, Mercury ; 
and Hydrocharis, frog’s bit. Thefe are now removed in¬ 
to the clafs Enneandria. 
Order 9. Decandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with ten (lamina. This 
order contains four genera, viz. Carica, papaw-tree; Kig- 
gelaria; Coriaria, myrtle leaved fumach ; and Schinus, 
Indian maflich-tree. Thefe genera are now placed in the 
clafs Decandria. 
Order iq. Dodecandria, comprehending fuch plants 
as have their male flowers furniflied with twelve (lamina. 
This order contains three genera, viz. Menifpermum, 
moon-feed ; Datifca, bafe hemp ; and Euclea. TheYe are 
removed into the clafs Dodecandria. 
Order 11. Icosandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with many (lamina in- 
ferted into the calyx. Of this order there is but one ge¬ 
nus, viz. Flacourtia; which is now placed in the clafs 
Polyandria. 
Order 12. Polyandria, comprehending fuch plants 
as have their male flowers furniflied with many (lamina. 
■Of this order there are two genera, viz. ClifFortia, and 
Hedycharia ; now alfo removed into the clafs Polyandria. 
Order 13. Monadelphia, comprehending fuch plants 
as have their male flowers furniflied with one fet of united 
(lamina. This order contains fix genera, viz. Taxus, 
yew-tree; Juniperus, juniper; Ephedra, flirubby horfe- 
tail; Ciflampelos ; Napsea; and Adelia. Thefe plants 
are now arranged in the clafs Monadelphia. 
A N Y. 
Order 14. Syngenesia, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with (lamina, of which 
the antherse are united. Of this order there are but two 
genera, viz. Rufcus, knee-holly, or butcher’s-broom ; and 
Myriltica, the nutmeg-tree. This lad genus is now re¬ 
moved into the clafs Monandria, order Monogynia; and 
Rufcus is placed in the clafs Triandria, order Monogynia. 
Order 15. Gynandria, comprehending fuch plants as 
have their male flowers furniflied with (lamina that grow 
out of a kind of flyle, or imperfeft piflilluni, the perfett 
one being in the female flower. Of this order there is 
but one genus, viz. Cluytia ; now removed into the clafs 
Pentandria, order Trigynia. 
Example for Investigation. 
Notwithflanding this clafs is abolifhed by the later bo- 
tanifts, it is neverthelefs neceflary for the learner to be ac¬ 
quainted with the Dioeciour charabler, to what part foever 
of the fyflem the plants may be removed. We fhall there¬ 
fore inveftigate in this place a very common and well- 
known plant from the fecond order of this clafs, viz. the 
Salix , or willow, which bears the male and female flow¬ 
ers upon an amentum or catkin on different trees; but fo 
exceedingly minute, that we cannot delineate their parts 
without the aid of a magnifier. Cala'X, fig. 8 ; thea- 
mentum of the male tree ; oblong, imbricate, with an in* 
volucrum formed of the germ, at a ; the whole amentum 
charged with fquamae or (bales, each forming one flower ; 
the fcale or leafit oblong, plain, patent, villous or hairy 1 
one of thefe flowers, taken from the catkin and magni¬ 
fied, is (hewn at fig. 9. Corolla: none. Negtarl 
um : a cylindraceous gland, very minute, truncate, mel¬ 
liferous, adhering to the bafe of the fquama, at n, fig. 9. 
Stamina, s ; the filaments two, filiform, ereCt, longer- 
than the calyx ; antherae twin, or double. Fig. ro, an 
amentum taken from the female tree, befet with fquamae, 
the fame as in the male. CorolLa: none. Fig. 11, 
one of the fquamae or flowers taken from the female a- ■ 
mentum, and magnified. Pisti llum, p ; the germen* 
g, ovate, attenuated into a cylindraceous ftyle, not very, 
diflant, a little longer than the leafit or fcale of the flow¬ 
er ; the (liginas two, bifid, revolute. Pericareium, 
fig. 12; a capfule, ovate and fubulate, formed of the 
germen, unilocular, bivalve, the valves revolute. Seeds: 
many, ovate, very frnall, crowned with a Ample hairy 
pappus, as at b. See the article Salix. 
CLASS XXIII. POLYGAMIA. 
Under this head Linnaeus arranged all fuch plants as are 
found to bear hermaphrodite flowers, and alfo male or fe¬ 
male flowers, or both , either on the fame, ox on different 
plants. And though, in the fyflem of later botanifls, this 
clafs is abolifhed, it is dill requifite for the learner to in* 
Veftigate the orders as originally formed by Linnaeus, that 
he might with more facility detect the genera in the diffe¬ 
rent clafles under which they are now placed. The orders 
of the Polygafnia clafs are therefore as follow, viz. 
Order 1. Monoecia, comprehending fuch genera as: 
•have the polygamy on the fame plant. This order con¬ 
tains twenty-four genera, diftinguifhed into, 1. Such as 
are polygamous by male hermaphrodites, and female her¬ 
maphrodites; of which there is but one genus, viz. Mufa, 
plantain-tree ; now placed in the clafs Hexandria, order 
Monogynia. 2. By hermaphrodites and males; of which 
there are twenty-two, viz. Ophioxylum ; Celtis, lote, ear 
nettle-tree : thefe are removed into the clafs Pentandria. 
Veratrum, white hellebore; now in the clafs Hexandria. 
Fufanus; now in the clafs Tetrandria. Andropogon, beard- 
grafs; Holcus, Indian millet; Apluda; Ifchannum; Cen- 
chrus, hedgehog-grafs; .Sigilops, bard grafs; Spinifex.; 
and Manifuris; all which are removed into the clafs Tri¬ 
andria. Valantia, crofs-wort; Brobejnm, African almond- 
tree ; Parietaria, pellitory ; now carried into the clafs.Te- 
trandria. Hermas ; Atriplex, oraclie, or fea-pui(lane-tree; 
now in the clafs Pentandria. Acer, maple-tree; removed 
1 to 
