B O T 
hawkweed ; Hieracium, hawk weed ; Leontodon, dande¬ 
lion; Prenanthes, wild lettuce; Chondrilla, gum fuccory; 
Ladtuca, lettuce; Sonclufs, fow-thiflle; Picris, ox-tongue; 
Scorzonera, viper’s grafs pTragopogon, goat’s-beard; Ge- 
ropogon, old man’s beard; Gnaphalium, everlafting, or 
cudweed; Xeranthemuni, Andrian fneeze-wort; Staehe- 
lina; Tanacetum, tanfey ; Matridaria, feverfew ; Carpe- 
fium; Chryfanthemum, corn marygold ; Pteronia; Baccha- 
ris, ploughman’s fpikenard; Ofmites; Conyza, greater 
fleabane; Inula, elecampane; Erigeron, Idler fleabane ; 
Cineraria, (ky-flower; Tulftlago, coltsfoot ; Doronicum, 
leopard’s-bane ; Arnica; Senecio, groundfcl, or rag-wort; 
Solidago, golden-rod; Chryfocoma, goldy locks; After, 
(tar-wort; Leyfera; Santolina, lavender-cotton; Anthemis, 
chamomile; Anacyclus; Cotula, May-weed ; Alhanafia ; 
Achillea, milfoil, or yarrow ; Cacalia, foreign coltsfoot; 
Perdicium; Beilis, daily ; Ageratum, bafe hemp agrimony; 
Eupatorium, hemp agrimony ; Ethulia ; Kuhnia, dwarf 
American laurel; Corymbium; Helenium, bafe fun-flow¬ 
er; Othonna, African rag-wort ; Calendula, marygold; 
Ardotis; Qfteofpermum, hard-feeded chryfanthemum; 
Bidens, water hemp agrimony ; Verbefina, Indian hemp 
agrimony ; Sigefbeckia ; Coreopfis, tickfeed fun-flower ; 
Silphium, bafe chryfanthemum ; Tetragonotheca; Polym- 
nia, dwarf fun-flower; Helianthus, fun-flower; Rudbeckia; 
Milleria; Buphthalmum, ox-eye; Chryfogonum ; Me- 
lampodium; Tridax, trailing ftar-wort; Pectis; Tagetes, 
African marygold; Zinnia; Calea, halbert-weed; Amel- 
lus, ftar-flower; Stoebe, bafe Ethiopian elychrifum ; Tar- 
chonanthus, flirubby African fleabane ; Artemifia, worm¬ 
wood, or mugwort; Seriphium ; Eriocephalus ; Filago, 
cotton, or cudweed ; Micropus, bafe cudweed ; Iva, falfe 
jefuits’ bark tree; Parthenitim, bafe feverfew ; Ambrofia; 
Strumpfia ; Xanthium, lelfer burdock. 
50. Amentaceje, from amentum , a catkin ; plants bear¬ 
ing catkins; as Salix, willow ; Populus, poplar; Plantanus, 
plane-tree; Sloanea, apeiba of the Brazils ; Fagus, beech- 
tree ; Juglans, walnut-tree; Quercus, oak-tree ; Corylus, 
hazel-nut-tree ; Carpinus, hornbeam-tree ; Betula, birch- 
tree; Myrica, candleberry-myrtle, or gale; Piflacia, pifta- 
chia-nut-tree ; and Cynomorium. 
51. Conifer iE, from conus, a cone, and fero, to bear; 
confift of plants, whofe female flowers, placed at a dif- 
tance from the male, either on the fame or difiind roots, 
are formed into a cone. In this charafter, the only one 
exprefled in the title, the plants in queftion feem to be 
nearly allied to the family of modes : from which, how¬ 
ever, they are eafily diftinguiflied by their habit, as well 
as by the flructure of the frnall flowers, in which the (la¬ 
mina are united below into a cylinder, and diflindt at top. 
The plants of this order are nioftly of the flirub and tree 
kind, and retain their leaves all the year. The form of 
thefe plants is generally conic, and extremely beautiful, 
from the difpofition of the branches, which cover the 
Hems even to the roots, extending themfelves horizontally 
and circularly like fo many rays. The height of fotne ge¬ 
nera of this order does not exceed half a foot, that of others 
approaches to a hundred feet. The genera are, Cupref- 
fus, cyprefs; Ephedra, flirubby horl'e-tail 5 Equifetus, 
horfe-tail; Juniperus, juniper; Pinus, fir, pine, cedar, 
larch ; Taxus, yew-tree ; Thuja, arbor vitae. 
52. CoadunatjE, from coaclunare, to join or gather 
together; fo termed from the general appearance of the 
feed-veflels, which are numerous, and being (lightly at¬ 
tached below, form all together a fingle fruit in the fhape 
of a fphere or cone ; the parts of which, however, are 
eafily Separated from one another. This order, which 
confifls of exotic plants, furnifhes a beautiful and choice 
colledtion of flirubs and trees, both evergreen and deci¬ 
duous. The genera are, Annona, the cuftard-apple ; Li- 
riodendron, the tulip-tree ; Magnolia, laurel-leaved tulip- 
tree ; Michaelia; Uvaria; Xylopia, bitter wood. The 
plants of this order have a ftrong, agreeable, and aromatic, 
fmell: the fruits and feeds have a pungent take like, pep- 
jper; the bark and wood are bitter. 
ANY. 29g 
53. Scabridje, from fcaber, rough, rugged, or briftly* 
confifls of plants with rough leaves. There feems to be 
fome impropriety in characterizing thefe plants by a name 
expreflive of the roughnefs of their leaves, as that circum- 
ftance had previoufly furnilhed the clalfic character of the 
Alperifoliae. The degree of roughnefs, however, is much 
greater in the plants which make the fubjedt of the pre- 
fent article. The plants of this order are in general of 
an aftringent nature; their tafte is bitter and flyptic. The 
genera are, Acnida, Virginian hemp ; Bofea, yervamora, 
or golden-rod-tree ; Cannabis, hemp; Cecropia, trumpet- 
tree; Celtis, nettle-tree ; Dorflenia, contrayerva ; Ficus, 
fig; Humulus, hop ; Mortis, mulberry-tree ; Parietaria, 
pellitory ; Theligonum, dog’s-cabbage; Ulmus, elm-tree; 
Urtica, nettle. 
54. Miscf-llanea:, mifcellaneous plants. Tills order 
confifls of fuch genera as are not connedled together by 
very numerous relations. They are, Datifca, bafe hemp; 
Re fed a, bafe rocket, or dyer’s-weed ; Poterium, garden 
burnet; Sanguiforba, greater wild burnet; Lemna, duck- 
meat; Piftia, kodda-pali; Coriaria, tnvrtle-leaved fumach ; 
Empetrum, black berried heath, or crow-berries; Achy- 
ranthes, cadelari ; Amaranthtts, amaranth, or flower-gen¬ 
tle ; Celofia, cock’s-comb ; Gomphrena, globe-amaranth ; 
Ireline ; Phytolacca, American night (hade ; Nymphaea, 
water-lily; Sarracenia, fide-faddle flower; Cedrela, Bar- 
badoes bafe cedar ; Swietenia, mahogany ; Corrigiola, bafe 
knot-grafs ; Limeum ; Telephium, true orpine. 
5-5. Filices, ferns; conlift of plants which bear their 
flower and fruit on the back of the leaf or ftalk. Thefe 
lants, in figure, approach the more perfect vegetables ; 
eing furnilhed, like them, with roots and leaves. The 
genera are, Acroftichum, forked fern ; Adianthum, mai¬ 
den-hair; Afplenium, fpleen-vvort, or milt-v. afte ; Blech- 
nitm; Ilemionitis, mule’s-fern; Ifoetes, quill-wort; Lon- 
chitis, rough fpleen-wort; Polypodium, polypody ; Pteris, 
brakes, or female fern ; TriehomauCs, Tunbridge maiden¬ 
hair; Marfilea; Onoclea, fenfible fern; Ophiogloflum, ad- 
der’s-tongue ; Ofnrunda, ofnuind-royal, or flowering fern; 
Pilularia, pepper-grafs. 
56. Musci, modes. Thefe plants refemble the pines, 
firs, and other evergreens or that clafs, in the form and 
difpofition of their leaves, and manner of growth of the 
female flowers, which are generally formed into a cone. 
They frequently creep, and extend themfelves like a car¬ 
pet upon the ground, trees, and ftones, being generally 
collected into bunches and tufts; the fmalleft are only one- 
third of an inch in height, and the largeft do not exceed 
five or fix. The genera are thefe : Bryunr; Buxbaumia; 
Fontinalis, water-mofs; Hypnum; Lycopodium; Mnium; 
Phafctim ; Polytrichum, golden maiden-hair; Porella; 
Sphagnum; Splachnum. The modes in general are al- 
moft taftelefs, have few juices, and being once dried do 
not readily imbibe moifture from the air. Thofe which 
grow in water, being thrown into the fire, grow red, and 
are reduced to aflies without receiving or communicating 
any flame. They are all of wonderful efficacy in preferv- 
ing dry fuch bodies as are fufceptible of moiflure ; and in 
retaining, for a long time, the humidity of yoifng plants 
without expofing them to putrefadfion. 
57. Algtb. This order confifls of plants whofe root, 
leaf, and torn, are all one. Under this defcription are 
comprehended all the fea-weeds, and fome other aquatic, 
plants ; as already dated. 
58. Fungi, muflirooms. Thefe plants are rarely branch¬ 
ed, fometimes creeping, but moll commonly eredt. Such 
as are furnifhed with branches, have them of a light fpongy 
fubfta'nce like cork. Mulhrooms differ from the fuci, in 
that thofe which, like the fuci, have their feeds contained 
in capfules, are not branched, as that numerous clafs of 
fea-weeds are. The greateft part of muflirooms have foe 
a root a number of fibres, which, by their inofculations, 
frequently form a net with unequal meflies, fome of wh ch 
produce plants fimilar to their parent vegetable. The 
genera of this order are, AgaricusBoletus; By(Tus; : 
a Clathrus $ 
