flroy the labourer’s hopes. There are mines of copper 
and iron. The inhabitants are courageous and fober, the 
bread they eat has a mixture of the bark of the fir-tree. 
Their flocks, forefts, and fifheries, afford them fublaften.ee, 
and produce the articles of their commerce, which are 
principally the fkins of foxes, ermins, bears, wolves, mar¬ 
tens, hyenas, otters, beavers, rein-deer, Sec. The prin¬ 
cipal towns are Umea, Pithea, and Tarnia. 
BOTH'NIA (Gulf of), a lea or large gulf, branching 
from the Baltic, from which it is feparated by the ifland 
of Aland, bounded on the eaft, weft, and north, by the 
dominion of Sweden; about no leagues from north to 
fouth, and from eighteen to thirty-five broad from eaft to 
weft. Lat. 60. 30. to 65. 30. N. Ion. 35. to43. E. Ferro. 
BOTHO'A, a town of France, in the department of the 
North Coaft, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCtof 
Roftrenen : eight miles north-eaft of Roftrenen. 
BO'THOR,/ [nro bot/ior, Arab.] It hath three figni- 
fications among the Arabians. 1. Tumors in general: 2. 
A tumor with a iolution of continuity : and 3. Small tu¬ 
mors) which laft is the moft proper. Some take it for an 
abfeefs of the noftrils. Blanchard fays it fignifies pimples 
in the face which do not fpread, but are ealily fuppurated 
and vanifh. It is befides a general appellation for pimples 
in the face, lungs, or other parts. And the Arabians call 
the fmall-pox and mealies by this name. 
BO'THRION, or Botrion,/ [from ( 3 o 0 p®-, a ditch.] 
A fmall ditch. This word is tiled to exprefs a fmall ulcer 
of the cornea, hollow', ftraight, clean, without purulent, 
thick, or Italy, fordes, equal to the head of a pin, called 
alio cailoma ; if it fhould be an internal lamina of the cor¬ 
nea, it creates that called gcrontoxon. A ftaphyloma fuc- 
ceeds. Alfo the alveoli , or fockets of the teeth. 
BOTH'WELL, a village of Scotland, in the county of 
Lanerk. In 1679, a battle was fought here, between the 
troops of Charles II. under the command of the duke of 
Monmouth, and the Scotch covenanters, headed by their 
minifters. The latter were defeated, 700 killed, and 1200 
taken prifoners. Seven miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Glafgow. 
BO'TI, a town of Siberia : thirty-two miles fouth of 
Orlenga. 
BO'TI, a town of Siberia: feventy-fix miles north-eaft 
of Nertchinlk. 
BO'TILER of the KING,/! (pincema regis.) An offi¬ 
cer that provides the king’s wines, w ho (according to Fleta) 
may by virtue of his office choofe out of every (hip laden 
with fale wines, one calk before the mart, and one behind. 
Fleta, lib. ii. c. 21. This officer ftiall not take more wine 
than'he is commanded, of which notice (hall be given by 
the fteward of the king’s houfe, &c. on pain of forfeiting 
double damages to the party grieved ; and alfo to be im- 
prifoned and ranfomed at the pleafure of the king. Stat. 
25 Edw. III. flat. 5. c. 21. See Custom s. 
BOT'NA, or Kauzen, a river of European Turkey, 
which runs into the Dnieper, near Bender. 
BOTOVSKAI'A, a town of Ruffian Tartary : twenty 
aix miles fonth-fouth-weft of Koperlk. 
BO'TRYOID, adj. [Gr.] Having the form of a bunch 
of grapes.—The outfide is thick fet with botryoid effloref- 
cences, or fmall knobs, yellow, bluilh, and purple; all 
of a Ihining metallic hue. Woodward. 
BO'TRYS, Botrus, or Bostra, anciently a town of 
Phoenicia, on the Mediterranean, built by Saturn, (a proof 
at lead of its antiquity ;) twelve miles to the north of By- 
blus, and twenty to the louth of Tripolis. Now in ruins, 
called Boteron, or Botum. 
BO'TRYS, J'. in botany. See Chenofodium and 
Teucrium. 
BOTT (John de), an architect, born in France in 1670, 
of Proteftant parents, quitted his country early in life, and 
went into the fervice of prince William of Orange, after¬ 
wards king of Great Britain. After the death of that mo¬ 
narch, he attached himfelf to the ele&or of Brandenbourg, 
who made him a captain of the guards. This however 
did not llacken his induftry in architecture. His firftedi- 
B O T 
flee was the arfenal at Berlin. He afterwards flgnalized, 
himfelf by various monuments of his art. Frederic 1. be¬ 
ing dead, Bott conciliated the favour of Frederic William,, 
who raifed lvim to the rank of major-general. The forti¬ 
fications of Wefel, of which place he was commandant, 
were conftruCled under his direction. In 1728 he went into 
the fervice of the king of Poland, eleCtor of Saxony, in 
quality of lieutenant-general and chief of the engineers. 
In Diefden are feveral edifices of his ereCting, where he 
died,in 1743, with a great reputation for probity, intelli¬ 
gence, and valour. 
BOl I (1 ho mas), an Englilh clergyman defeended 
from an ancient family in Staffordffiire, and born at Derby 
in 16S8. His grandfather had been a major on the parli* 
ament fide in the civil wars ; his father had diminifhed a 
conliderable paternal eftate by gaming ; yet his mother 
contrived to give a good education to fix children. Tho. 
mas the youngeft acquired his grammatical education among 
thedillenters; and was appointed to preach to a congregation 
at Spalding in Lincolnlhire. Not liking this mode of life, 
he removed to London at the end of queen Anne’s reign, 
with a view of preparing himfelf for phyfic ; but, chang¬ 
ing his meafures again, he took orders in the church of 
England, foon after the acceffion of George I. and was 
firft prefented to the reCtory of Winburg; and afterwards 
to the benefice of Reymerfton, to tlie reCtory of Spix- 
wortli, and to that of Edgefield; all in Norfolk. About 
1750, his mental powers began to decline; and, at Chr.ift- 
mas 1732, lie ceafed to appear in the pulpit; but publilhed 
feveral valuable fermons, and other works. He died at 
Norwich, September 23, 1754 ; leaving a fon, Edmund 
Bott, Efq. of Chriftcurch in Hamplhire, a fellow of the 
Antiquarian fociety, and who publilhed, in 1771, A col¬ 
lection of Cafes relating to the Poor-laws. 
BOTT,/. in entomology, a fpecies of fly-worm, pro¬ 
duced from the eggs of the htemorrhoidalis, a two-winged 
fly, of the genus Oejlrus, and nearly of the fize of °he 
humble bee, which depolits its eggs in the reCtum of horfes, 
and occafions great torment to that animal. See Oestrus. 
1 lie worms of the human bowels have not been longer 
known to the world than thofe of the horfe ; and the far¬ 
riers in all ages, who have undertaken the care of thefe 
valuable animals, have had their remedies for the I0110- 
worms bred in their inteftines, and alfo for the ffiort ones! 
The Ihort ones are the creatures here to be deferibed. But, 
though the world lias fo long been acquainted with their 
exiltence, it never knew their origin till M. Vallifneri dif- 
covered of late that they were produced from one of thefe 
flies, by infinuating itfelf into the fundament of the horle. 
Thefe flies always live in the open fields, and are feldom 
found near towns orhonfes; and this is the reafon that 
thole horfes which are kept up in the liable in the rum¬ 
mer and autumn, are fcarcely ever found to be fubjeCt to 
thefe worms. 
In the latter end of the fummer, and towards autumn, 
thefe flies are found continually buzzing about the backs 
of horfes in the open fields, and their whole bufinefs there 
is to depolit their eggs where nature has inftinCtively di¬ 
rked them to do it. Horfes at this feafon are fenfible of 
the bufinefs of this little annoyer, and have been feen from 
the moft quiet ftate to jump, run about, and kick, only at 
the found of the wings of one of thefe flies, which has 
been at that time fearchirtg for an opportunity to depolit 
its eggs in them. This. infeCt has been feen, when it has 
not fucceeded in its attempt in this manner, to fly with lefs 
noife toward a (ingle horfe in another part of the field, flily 
to creep under his tail, to ufe fome gentle titillation in or¬ 
der to make the creature open his fundament, and, when 
a little open, has ventured to crawl in, and without doubt 
then only found herfelf in a proper place for the deposit¬ 
ing her eggs for a few moments. After this the horfe Iras 
jumped, kicked; and capered, as if mad, and continued 
fo for a quarter of an hour: hence we may inter one reafon 
againft depriving horfes of the fafeguard of their tails, in 
compliance with fafliion. 
The 
