goo , HO t* 
lying! Shahefpeare. —The laft refort; the remotefl paufe>; 
fii d motion. — He was at the bottom of many excellent coun¬ 
sel's, in which he did not appear. Addifon. —A chance; an 
adventure ; date of hazard.—We are embarked with them 
on the fame bottom, and mud be partakers of their happi- 
nefs or mifery. Addifon. —A ball of thread wound up to¬ 
gether.—'1 his whole argument will be like bottoms of 
thread, clofe wound up. 
Bottom of a Lane. The lowed end. 
Bottom of Beer. The grounds, or dregs. 
BOTTOM,/ in navigation, is ufed to denote as well 
the channel of rivers and harbours, as the body or hull of 
a ihi.p. Thus, in the former fenfe, we lay, a gravelly hot. 
tom, clayey bottom, fandy bottom, &c. and, in the latter fenfe, 
a Bntijh bottom, a Dutch bottom , &c. By datute, certain 
commodities imported in foreign bottoms pay a duty called 
petty cijloms, over and above what they are liable to if im¬ 
ported in Britifit bottoms. 
To- ROT'TOM, v. a. To build upon ; to fix upon as a 
Support: with on.—Pride has a very Strong foundation in 
the mind ; it is bottomed upon felf-love. Collier. —To wind 
upon Something ; to twid thread round Something : 
Therefore, as you unwind your love for him, 
Led it Ihotild ravel, and be good to none, 
You mud provide to bottom it on me. Skakefpeare. 
To BOT'TOM, v. n. To red upon as its ultimate Sup¬ 
port.—Find out upon what foundation any proposition ad¬ 
vanced, bottoms -, and obferve the intermediate ideas, by 
w hich it is joined to that foundation upon which it is erect¬ 
ed. Locke. 
BOTTOMED, adj. Having a bottom: it is uftially 
compounded.—There being prepared a number of flat-bot¬ 
tomed boats, to tranfport the land-forces, under the wing 
and protection of the great navy. Bacon. 
BOT'TOM LESS, adj. Without a bottom ; fathomlefs: 
Him the Almighty Pow’r 
Hurl’d headlong flaming from the ethereal Sky 
To bottomlefs perdition. Milton. 
BOTTOMRY, or Bottomree, f (feenis nauticum,) is 
generally where a perfon lends money to a merchant, who 
wants it to traffic, and is to be paid a greater Sum at the 
return of a certain Strip, danding to the hazards of the 
voyage ; and in this cafe, though the intered be greater 
than that allowed by law, it is not ufury. See this fubjeCt 
fully treated under Insurance. 
BOTTO'NO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Parma: 
nine miles. South-South-ead of Parma, 
BOT'TONY,yi A crofs bottony, in heraldry, termi¬ 
nates at each end in three buds, knots, or buttons, re- 
femblmg, in Some meafure, the three-leaved grafs ; on 
which account Segoing, in his Trefor Heraldique, terms it 
c-oix trcjflee. It is the badge of the order of St. Maurice. 
See Heraldry. 
BOTTRIGA'RO (Hercole), a perfon eminently (killed 
in the Science of mulic, though mot a mufician by profef- 
fion. He was a man of rank in Bologna ; and entertained 
Strong prejudices in favour of the ancient mode ; and at¬ 
tempted, as Vincentino and others had done, to introduce 
tlye chromatic genus into practice, but witli no better fuc- 
cefs than had attended the endeavours of others. He cor¬ 
rected Gogavino’s Latin verfion of Ptolomy, to which Dr. 
Wallis conformed in that tranflation of the fame author 
which" he gave to the world many years after. He atfo 
t ran dated into Italian, Boetius de Mufica, and as much 
of Plutarch arid Macrobius as relates -to mufic : he made 
annotations upon Ariftoxenus, Franchinus, Spataro, Vi- 
centino, Zarlino, and Galiflei ; and, in'fhort, on almoft 
every muSical .treatife he could lay his hands on, as appears 
by the copies which are now repofited in many libraries in 
Italy. He affected the character of a poet; and there is 
extant a collection of poems by him, in Bvo. printed in 
t.557. Walther represents him as'an able mathematician, 
and a collector of rarities ; and Says that he was poffeffed 
B O U 
of a cabinet, which the emperor Ferdinand II. had a great 
defire to purchafe. He died in 1609. 
BOT'WAR, a town of Germany, in the circle of Swa¬ 
bia, and duchy of Wurtemberg, Situated-on a Small river 
of the fame name, which runs into the Neckar. In 164.2, 
it Suffered from the troops of the duke of Weimar ; and 
in 1693, by the French. Ten miles South of Hellibronn, 
and thirteen north-north-eafl of Stuttgard. 
BOT'ZEN. See Bolzano. 
BOT'ZENBURG. See Boitzenburg. 
BO'VA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and 
province of Calabria Ultra, the fee of a bifltop, Suffragan 
of Reggio, Situated at the foot of the Apennines, near'the 
Sea : twenty miles fouth-eaft of Reggio. 
BOVADIL'LA (Francilco de), commander of the or¬ 
der of the order Calatrava, was in 1500 appointed gover¬ 
nor-general of the Indies by Ferdinand king of Spain. He 
was made governor of St. Domingo, and is noted in hillory 
for having unwarrantably put Chrifiopher Columbus and 
his brothers in irons. For this Severity he was recalled ; and 
the veffel in which he embarked being Shipwrecked, he-pe¬ 
rished with many others, in 1502. One and twenty lhip.s, 
all freighted with gold, went to the bottom. 
BOU A'GE, a town of France, in the department of the 
Lower Loire, and chief place of a canton, in tire diftridt 
of Nantes: eight miles South-weft of Nantes. 
BOU'BON,y. The Greek word from whence bubo is ta¬ 
ken. It Signifies the groin, Sometimes the glands in the 
groin, and a tumor of the fame; alfo a tumor in the neck, 
or arm-pits, or behind the ears, or of any of the external 
glandular parts. 
BOUCH AIN', a town of France, in the department of 
the North, and chief place of a canton, in the diStrifl of 
Valenciennes, Situated on the Scheldt, with a considerable 
trade in cattle and corn. Bouchain is a Slrong town ; it was 
taken by the duke of Marlborough in September 1711, 
after a liege of thirty days, when the garrifon became pri- 
foners of war. Marshal Villars retook it the following 
year. It was inverted by the Austrians in the Summer of 
1793 ; but Soon relieved : three leagues louth-vveft of Va¬ 
lenciennes, and two and a half north-north-eart of Cairibray. 
BOUCHARDON' (Edmund), a French Sculptor, born 
at Chaumont in Baffigni, in 1698. After having parted 
Some time at Paris under the younger Couflou, and-obtain- 
ed the prize at the academy in 1722, he was carried to 
Rome at the king’s expence. Upon his return from Italy, 
where his talents had been greatly perfected, he adorned 
Paris with his works : a lift of which may be feen in a 
life of him, published by the count de Caylus. In 1744- 
lie obtained a place in the academy ; and, two years after, 
a profeflbrfhip. He died in 1762. 
BOUCHE of COU&T, commonly called budge of court, 
was a certain allow-ance of provision from the king, to his 
knights and Servants, that attended him in any military ex¬ 
pedition. The French avoir bouche a. court, is to have an 
allowance at court, of meat and drink : from bouche, a 
mouth. But Sometimes it extended only.to bread, beer, 
and wine; and this w*as anciently in nfe as well in the houfes 
of noblemen, as in the king’s court. 
BOUCHEMAI'NE, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Maine .and Loire, and ciiief place of a canton, 
in the district of Angers: four miles South of Angers. 
BOUCHENG', a town of Perfia, in the province of 
Korafan: twenty miles north of Herat. 
BOUCHER', a town of Perfia, in the province of Far- 
fiflan, on the north coart: of the Perfian gulf: 160 miles 
South-weft of Schiras. 
BOUCHER' D’ARGSS (Antoine GaSpard), born at 
Paris in 1708, was admitted advocate in 1727, and coun¬ 
sellor in the Supreme council of Dombes in 1753. He 
made notes on all the works of jurisprudence of which he 
was editor. He published, 1. A Treatife des Gains Nup- 
tiaux, Lyons, 1738, 4to. 2. Treatife de la Criee des 
Meubles, 1741, nmo. .3. Regies pour former un Avo- 
cat, 1753, 12010. It was he who composed the articles 
