31 o' B O U 
was defcended. 1 ’ M. Bpitlainvilliers died at Paris in 1722; 
and after Ids death was published his Life of Mahomet. 
• BQULAN', a kingdom in the fouthern part of the ifland 
of Celebes. 
BOULANCHAIR', a town ©f Afiatic Turkey, in the 
province of AladuSia : twenty miles fouth-weft of Malatia. 
BOULAN'GER (Nicholas Anthony), a very fmgivlar 
Frenchman, born at Paris in 1722, and died there in 1759, 
aged thirty-feven. During his education, he is faid to 
have come out of the college of Beauvais almolt as igno¬ 
rant as he went in ; but, ft niggling hard againft his inapti¬ 
tude to learn, he at length overcame it. At feventeen, 
he began to finely mathematics and architecture ; and in 
three or four-years made inch a progrefs, as to be ufeful 
to the baron;of Thiers,•whom he accompanied to the army 
in the quality of engineer. Afterwards he had the fuper- 
vilian of the highways and bridges ; and he executed feve- 
ral public works in Champagne, Burgundy, and Lorrain. 
I11 cutting through mountains, directing and changing the 
courfe.s of rivers, and in breaking up and turning over the 
ftrata of the earth, he faw a multitude of different fub- 
ftances, which (he thought) evinced the great antiquity 
of it, and a long feries of revolutions which it muff have 
undergone. From the revolutions in the globe, he palfed 
to the changes which muff have happened in the manners 
of men in (ocieties, in governments, in religion ; and he 
formed many conjectures upon all thefe. To be farther 
fadsfied, he wanted to know what, in the hiftory of ages, 
had been faid upon thefe particulars; and, that he might 
be informed from the fountain-head, he learned firft Latin 
and then Greek. Not yet content, he plunged into He¬ 
brew, Syriac, Chaldaic, and Arabic; and acquired fo im- 
menle an erudition, that, if he had lived, he would have 
been one of the molt learned men in Europe. His works, 
are, 1. Traite du Defpotifme Oriental, 2 vols. nmo. 
2. L’Antiquite Devoille, 3 vols. 121110. This was poftlui- 
mous. 3. He furniflied to the Encyclopedic the articles 
Deluge, Corvee, and Societe. 4. He left behind him in 
manufcript a Dictionary, which may be regarded as a con¬ 
cordance in ancient and modern language. 
BOULAN'GER (John), a French engraver, who flou- 
j;ifiled towards the end of the feventeenth century. His 
firft manner of engraving appears to have been copied, in 
fome degree, from that of Francis de Poilly ; but foon 
after he adapted one of his own, which, though not ori¬ 
ginal, he however greatly improved. He finifhed the 
faces, hands, and all the naked parts o.f his figures, very 
neatly with dots inftead of ftrokes, or ftrokes and dots. 
The effect is lingular enough, and by no means unplea- 
ling; only, in fome few inftances, he has oppofed the 
coarfe graving of his draperies and back-ground fo vio¬ 
lently to the neater work of the flelh, that the outline of 
the latter is thereby rendered Irard, and the general appear¬ 
ance flat. This ftyle of engraving has been carried to its 
greateft perfection in the prefent day, particularly in Eng¬ 
land. He did not draw the naked parts pf his figures cor¬ 
rectly, or with tafte : however, his belt prints polfefs much 
merit, and are defervedly held in great efteem. 
BOULAY', a town of France, and principal place of a 
diftriCt, in the department of the Mofelle : five leagues 
and a half fouth-eaft of Thionville, and four and a quarter 
north-eaft of Metz. 
BOULCOLA'CA,/. Among the modern Greeks, de¬ 
notes tlie fyeCtre of fome wicked perfon who died excom¬ 
municated by the patriarch, re-animated by Satan, and 
catifing great dilturbance among the people ; of which 
many ftrange fiories are told. The word is Greek, and 
fuppofed to be derived from mud, and A 
a ditch, on account of the filthinefs of the. fight. 
BOUL'DER-WALLS, in architecture, walls built of 
round flints or pebbles, laid in a ftrong mortar; tiled where 
the fea has a beach call up, -or where there are plenty of 
flints. 
BOULE'NE, a town of France, in the department of 
tlie Card : five miles eaft of Pont St. Efprit. 
BOU 
BOU'LETE,/! with horfemen, a term ufed of a horfe, 
when the fetlock or paftern joint bends forward, and out 
of its natural fituation. 
BOULETERA'NES, a town of France, in the de¬ 
partment of the Eallern Pyrenees: twelve miles weft of 
Perpignan. 
BOU'LJMUS,yi [from (3h, greatly, and Ai^^-, hunger. 3 
A voracious appetite. Boulimus, or bulimus, for which word 
Avicenna ufes bolifmus, fignifies an ox’s appetite. It is a 
difeafe more frequently called fames canina, appetitus cani- 
nus, vel appefentia canina, a canine or dog’s appetite : it 
is alfo called phagedeena, addephagia, or adephagia, biili- 
miafis, bulimia, bifeina. Dr. Cullen names this genus of 
difeafe. bulimia. He places it in the clafs locales, and or¬ 
der dyforexia ; and diftinguiflies three fpecies. 1. Bulimia 
heluonum, in which there is no other diforder of the fto- 
mach than an exceflive craving of food. 2. Bulimia fyn- 
copalis, in which there is a frequent deli re of food, and 1 
the fenfe of hunger is preceded by fwooning. 3. Bulimia 
emetica, alfo cynorexia, in which is an appetite for much 
food, which is prefently ejeCted by vomiting. 
This diforder confifts in an infatiable defire of food, and 
a quick return of the appetite after eating. In fome it 
may be a natural misfortune; for on dilfeCtion it hath been 
found, in a few inftances, that the right orifice of the fto- 
mach was too large, confequently the aliment was too foon 
expelled through it. Galen fays it is caufed by an intenfe 
acid in the ftomach, or other acrimony in the gaftric juice. 
Others attribute it to a weaknefs in the. lower orifice of the 
ftomach, worms, &c. Lommius obferves, that in this cafe 
there is great hunger, much is eaten, which opprefling the 
ftomach is again thrown up ; the patient is thus relieved, 
but the appetite returns; the ftomach, eafed by eating, is 
again opprelfed, and is again relieved, as that of a dog, by 
vomiting. There is no danger if food is fupplied, though 
the patient is pregnant, except large colliquarions attend, 
or fainting is frequent. Fainting with a full ftomach is a 
dangerous fymptom, coldnefs in the extremities generally 
fatal, and, the breath failing when a fainting comes on, 
death may be expected at hand. From faintings, the pa¬ 
tient is recovered by offering to his fmell a toaft dipped in 
wine, or roafted meat. After recovery from the fit, give 
him fome food ; and let it be of fuch kind as cools and 
nourifhes, but is not foon digefted, fuch as carrots, beets, 
parfnips, with foft fat, and farinaceous fubftances. If an 
acid is the. caufe, after vomiting, give the teftaceous pow¬ 
ders, the lixivium of tartar, and iron filings. If worms 
are fufpebted, anthelmintics muft be preferibed. When 
the caufe is not very manifeft, moderate dofes of opium 
may be given at proper intervals ; but fome circumfpec- 
tion is required in adminiftering it. Befides vomiting, 
purges with aloes will be advifeable, wormwood, and fuch 
other medicaments as warm and ftrengthen the ftomach. 
Galen commends frequent fmall dofes of brandy ; and Ri- 
verius fays, that ambergrife is peculiarly ufeful, if five or 
fix grains be repeated at due intervals. This diforder 
terminates varioufly, as in a lientery, dropfy, atrophy, 
cachexy. Some make a diftinttion between boulimus and 
fames canina-, and alfo between the former and bulimia ; 
but, according to the opinion of many, without fufficient 
reafon ; for they fay that the boulimus is not attended with 
a vomiting, but with a fainting ; and that, in the fames 
canina, the patient vomits up his greedy meals as dogs do, 
though with fome they own it runs oft' by ftool. In the 
bulimia it is faid the fame inclination to eat exifts as in the 
bulimus, but without the power; and, after tlie patient 
does eat, he faints. See Galen, Alexander Trallian, Pau- 
lus ffEgineta, and Lommius. 
BOUL'KI, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Lem¬ 
berg: fixteen miles fouth-eaft of Lemberg. 
BOUL'LIER (David Renauld), minifter at Amfter- 
dam, afterwards at London, originally of Auvergne, born 
at Utrecht, March 24, 1699, died Dec. 24, 1759, at a § e 
of fixty ; was as refpectable for his manners as his learn¬ 
ing. His principal works are, 1. Differtatio de Exiftentiq. 
Dei, 
