B O U 
of Bergttes, fituated on a navigable canal., which commu¬ 
nicates with Calais, St. Omef, Dunkirk, Gravelines, &c. 
three leagues fouth-weft of Dunkirk,' and one fouth-eaft 
of Gravelines. 
BOURBRIAC', a town of France, in the department 
of the North Coaft, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
tridrt of Guingamp: five miles fouth of Guingainp. 
BOURCHET', a town of the duchy of Luxembourg : 
four miles north-well of Dicrich. 
BOURCHIER' (John), lord Bemars, grandfon and heir 
of a nobleman of the fame name, who was defcended from 
Thomas of Woodltock, duke of Gloucefter, and had been 
knight of the garter, and conftable of Windfor-caftle, un¬ 
der Edward IV. Bonrchier was created a knight of the 
bath, at the marriage of the duke of York, fecond foil of 
Edward IV. and was firff known by quelling an infurrec- 
tion in Cornwall and Devonlhire, raifed by Michael Jo- 
feph, a blackfmith, in 1495, which recommended him to 
the favour of Henry VII. He was captain of the pioneers 
at the liege of Therounne, under Henry VIII. by whom he 
was made chancellor of the exchequer for life, lieutenant 
of Calais and the Marches, appointed to conduct lady 
Mary the king’s lifter into France on her marriage with 
Louis XII. and had the extraordinary happinefs of conti¬ 
nuing in favour with Henry VIII. for the fpace of eighteen 
years. He died at Calais in 1532, aged lixty-three. He 
tranflated, by king Henry’s command, Froiflart’s Chro¬ 
nicle ; which was printed in 1523, by Richard Pinfon, the 
fcholar of Caxton, aqd the fifth on the lift of Englilh prin¬ 
ters. His other works were a whimlital medley of tranfla- 
•tions from French, Spanifti, and Italian, novels, &c. • 
BOURDALOU'E (Louis), an eminent French preach¬ 
er,, born at Bourges, in Augtift, 1632, and entered into the 
fociety of the Jefuits in November, 1648. After having 
ftudied rhetoric, philofophy, and divinity, the uncommon 
talents which he difcovered for the pulpit determined the 
fociety to fet him apart for that fervice. The high repu¬ 
tation he acquired, as a preacher in the country, induced 
his fuperiors to fend for him to Paris in 1669. He preached 
during the courfeof that year in their church of St. Louis, 
where he (hone with more luftre than ever. In Advent, 
1670, he began to appear at court ; where his difeourfes 
were lillened to with the higheft fatisfadtion. Upon the 
revocation of the edict of Nantz, the king very prudently 
made choice of him to preach the catholic doctrine to the 
new converts in Languedoc. The latter part of his life 
he confecrated to the fervice of the hofpitals, the poor, 
and the prifoners ; and, by his pathetic difeourfes and en¬ 
gaging manner, procured for them very bountiful alms. 
He died in May, 1704. A correct edition of his ferm’ons 
was publifhed at Paris, 1707, by father Bretonneau. 
BOURDEAU'X, a city and fea-port of France, and 
'capital of the department of the Gironde, built originally 
by the Romans. It is fituated on the weft coal! of the 
Garonne ; and before the revolution was the capital of the 
Bourdelcris., the fee of an archbifhop, and the feat of a 
lieutenant-general, a parliament, &c. It has an univer- 
fity, founded in the year 1441 ; an academy of fciences and 
belles lettres, eftabbfhed in 1712; a public library, a large 
hofpital, in which are feveral manufactures, &c. It is 
built in the form of a bow, of which the river Garonne is 
the firing. This river is bordered by a poble quay, and 
the water rifes four yards at full tide, fo that the largcft 
VefTels can come up to difeharge and take in their lading. 
The caftle, called the Trumpet, is feated at the entrance of 
the quay, and the river runs round its walls, which have 
twelve gates. The public edifices are very noble, and all 
the ftreets regular and handfome. The quays are four 
miles in length, and the river is confiderably broader than 
the Thames at London-bridge. Four or five hundred 
merchants’ fliips arc often found here at one time, import¬ 
ing woollen fluffs, tin, copper, coals, herrings, leather, 
falted beef, tallow, drugs, deals, mads for ftups, hemp, 
pitch, and tar, &c. and returning loaded with cargoes of 
wine and brandy ; of which two articles they annually ex¬ 
port near 100,000 tuns ; vinegar, fruit, refin, paper, ho¬ 
ney, cork, &,c. They bring from the Weft Indies, fugar, 
cotton, indigo, and other articles. The whale and cod 
fifticry form likewife a conliderable branch of the commerce- 
of this city. It contains above 7000 houfes, apd about 
130,000 inhabitants. The beauty of the river, and the 
fertility of the adjoining country, ( were probably rite cattles 
which induced the Romans to lay the foundations of this 
city. The ruins df a large amphitheatre yet remain, con- 
ftruCled under the emperor Gallienus ; alio the tower-gate, 
faid to have been erected in the time of Auguitus: a Ro¬ 
man temple, aqueduct, &c.. During the irruptions of the 
barbarous nations, Bourdeaux was ravaged, burnt, and al- 
moft entirely deftroyed. It only began to recover under 
Henry II. king o-f England, who having united it to the 
.crown by his.marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine, rebuilt 
it, and made it a principal objeCt of his policy, to reftore. 
the city to the luftre from which it had fallen. The Black 
Prince received all Guienne, Gafeony, and many inferior 
provinces, in full fovereignty, from his father, Edward III. 
He brought his royal captive, John king of France, to this 
city, after the battle of PoiCIiers, in 1356 ; and held his 
court and refidence here during eleven years. His exalted 
character, his uninterrupted l'eries of good fortune, his 
victories, his modefty, his affability, and his munificence,, 
drew ((rangers to Bourdeaux from every part of Europe. 
In 1453, Charles VII. king of France, re-entered the city, 
and fubjeCted the whole province of Guienne, w hich had 
been near three centuries under the Englifh.government, 
Confcious of the importance of fuch a conqueft, he ordered 
the Chateau Trotnpette to be built, to defend the paifage 
of the river; and Louis XIV. afterwards employed the 
celebrated Vauban to ereCt a new fortrefs in the modern 
ftyle of military architecture. The adjacent country, more 
particularly the Pays de Medoc, which produces the fined 
clarets, is exceedingly pleafant, and, at the feafon of the 
vintage, forms one of the mod delicious landlcapes in the 
world. It is feventy-four ports fouth-fouth-wert of Paris. 
Lat.44. 50. N. loo. 17.10. E. Ferro. 
BOURDE IL'LE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Dordogne: three leagues and a half north-weft of 
Perigueux. 
BOURDEILTLES (Peter de), better known by the name 
of Brantome, of which he was abbot; alfo lord and baron 
of Richemont, chCvalier, gentleman of the chamber to 
Charles IX. and Henry III. of France, and chamberlain 
to the duke of Alenin. He had the defign of being crea¬ 
ted a knight of Malta, in a voyage he .made to that ifie du¬ 
ring the time of the liege in 1565. He returned to France, 
and died July 5, 1614, at the age of eighty-feven. Hi - 
memoirs were printed in ten volumes, i2tno, viz. four of 
the French commanders; two of foreign commanders ; two 
of women of gallantry; one of illuftrious ladies; and one 
of duels. The laft edition is that of the Hague, 7741, fif¬ 
teen volumes 121110, on account of the fupplemenr, which 
makes five. Thefe memoirs are abfolutely neceftary to all 
thole who would know the private hi (lory of Charles IX. 
of Henry III. and of Henry IV’. Here the man is more 1 j - 
prefented than the prince. The plea lit re of feeing thele 
kings in their peculiarities and off'the ftage, added to the 
fimplicity of Brantdms’s ftyle, renders the reading of his 
memoirs extremely agreeable. 
B 0 URD'EII.'LES (Claude de), grand-nephew of the 
former, comte de Mon fie for, attached to Gallon of Orleans, 
both while he was in favour, and when he had loft it, was 
feveral times deprived ?f his liberty for ferving that prince, 
Difgufted with the tumult and the artifices of he court, he 
took up the refolution of enjoying the Tweets of priyaty. 
He died at Paris in 1663. He left memoirs, -know'll under 
the name of Montrcfor, 2 vols. i:mo, which are’curious, 
as containing .many particulars of the hiftory of his time. 
Montrefor makes no fcruple of relating the projects he 
formed againft the life of cardinal Richelieu. 
BOURDELOIS', before the revolution, a country of 
France, in the province of Guienne, in the environs of 
^ Bourdeaux 5 
