356 BRAS 
laxative matter is extrafted by long boiling. The white 
cabbage i-, the mod putrefcible, and the red moft emollient. 
Mr. Miller infills that the cauliflower is fpecifically dif- 
tincl from the common cabbage; becaufe, from more than 
fifty years experience in cultivating thefe plants, he could 
never rind the .lead appearance of one approaching to the 
other: becaufe they are fo different in their leaves as to 
be eafily diftinguifhed when the plants are young : and be¬ 
caufe the common cabbage puts out one upright (lem from 
the centre, which afterwards divides into feveral branch¬ 
es ; whereas the cauliflower fends-out many flower-ftems 
from the part which is eaten, which is a compaft collec¬ 
tion of the heads of thefe Balks, dividing afterwards into 
fo many Items, and branching out into many fpr.eading 
fhoots, fo as to form a large fpreading head when in flow¬ 
er, but never riling pyramidically like the cabbage. The 
cauliflower was full brought to England .from the ifland 
of Cyprus, where it is in great perfection at prefent; but, 
it is fuppofed, it was originally brought thither from fome 
other .country: moil of the old writers mention it to have 
been brought from that ifland to the different parts of Eu¬ 
rope. Although this plant was cultivated in a few Eng- 
lifli gardens long ftnce, yet it was not brought to any de¬ 
gree of perfection till about the year 1680, at lead not to 
be fold in the markets. Since the year 1700 the cauliflower 
has been fo much improved in England, that fuch plants 
as before would have been greatly admired, are at prefent 
little regarded. It has indeed been much more improved 
in England than in any other parts of Europe. In France 
they rarely have cauliflowers till near Michaelmas; and 
Holland is generally fupplied with them from England, 
in many parts of Germany they were not cultivated till 
within a few years pad ; and mod parts of Europe are fup- 
p!:ed with fleeds from hence. 
Purple and white broccoli are only varieties of the cau¬ 
liflower; for, although- with care they may be kept dif- 
tincf, yet, if they were to Band near to each other for 
feed., they wo.uld probably intermix. We are rather in¬ 
clined to believe this, from the various changes which we 
have oblerved in thefe plants; for we have frequently 
known cauliflowers to be of a green colour, with buds re¬ 
gularly formed-at the ends of the fhoots, like thofe of 
broccoli, though the colour was different; and the white 
broccoli approaches fo near to the. cauliflower, as to be 
•with .difficulty diffinguifhed from it. When, however, 
thefe are cultivated with care, they may be kept didinft. 
The variations are not. occafioned by foil, but by the mix¬ 
ture of the farina of the antherae in the flowers; thofe 
perfons,. therefore, who are curious to preferve them dif- 
.timSb, never fuffer the different forts to fland near each 
other for feed. . 
9. Brailica Chinenfis, or Chinefe cabbage : leaves oval, 
almofl quite entire; the floral ones dem-clafping, lanceo¬ 
late ; calyxes longer than tire claws of the petals. Leaves 
oblong or oval, very like thofe of hound’s tongue ; blunt, 
but fmooth ; dem-leaves embracing, oblong, quite entire. 
Flowers as irkthe common cabbage, yellow. It is a native 
of China; introduced in 1770 by Monf. Richard. 
10. Braffica violacea : leaves lanceolate-ovate, fmooth, 
undivided., toothed. This is an annual plant, which, if 
fown in April, will flower in July, and perfedt the feeds 
in October. It never clofes the leaves to form a head, but 
grows open and loofe, more like the wild navew. This 
fort alfo came from China, where it is cultivated as an ef- 
culent plant; there are two or three varieties of it, and it 
is as changeable as our common cabbage, of which indeed, 
or perhaps of the navew, it feems to be a variety. 
11. Braffica polymorpha : inferior leaves linear-lanceo¬ 
late pinnatifid-tpothed, upper fubulate entire. This fpe- 
cics is a native of Siberia, and is an annual plant. The 
roof is thin and fibrous. ‘The dems numerous, growing 
.oblique, two feet or more in length, fmooth, and branch¬ 
ing upwards. The leaves are of diffitnilar forms, but in 
general are linear-lanceolate, thick, and alternate ; thofe 
.cm the dalk generally dentated: the denticles nearly fu- 
S I, C A. 
bulate. The (hoots are leafy, proceeding from the axillas 
of the branches, fo as to caufe a kind of cludering ap¬ 
pearance. The flowers are pale yellow. It is a plant 
which varies extremely in the appearance of its leaves. 
II. Erucas, with an enliform. llyle to the filiques. 12. 
Braffica erucaftrum, or wild rocket: leaves runcinate, Bern 
hifpid, filiques fmooth and even. Root annual, fufiform; 
(fetus many, from a foot to eighteen inches high and more, 
round, fmooth, fome times having a few hairs and final! 
red dots, bright or glaucous green; branches alternate. 
Native of thefoutbern countries of Europe, in fandy fields, 
by way-fides, and on walls; flowering from June to Augufl. 
13. Braffica eruca, or garden rocket : leaves lyrate, flem 
hirfute, filiques fmooth. Root annual; Bern angular, 
upright, branching, two feet high and more; leaves 
fmooth, pulpy, with a leafy nerve and three or four pairs 
of pinnas, larger as they approach the nerve, confluent, 
oblong, acute, toothed; feeds round on one fide, and flat 
on the other. .Native of Switzerland, Audria, and Pied¬ 
mont. It was formerly mudi cultivated in the gardens 
as a fallad herb, but at prefent is little known, having been 
long rejeffed on account of its lfrong ungrateful fmell. 
It alfo dood in the lid of medicinal plants, but is now feh 
dom ufed, though it is reckoned a drong diuretic. 
14. Braffica veficaria: leaves runcinate ; filiques hifpid, 
covered with a fwelling calyx. Root annual, fpindle ffia- 
ped. Native of Spain and Aleppo, whence it was lent to 
Morlfon by Robert Huntingdon. 
15. Braffica muralis, or wall rocket: leaves lanceolate, 
finuate-ferrate, fmoothifh ; flem ereft, fmooth. Root pe¬ 
rennial, fomevvhat woody, penetrating deep into walls; 
flem a foot and a half high, branched, round, at bottom 
fomewhat woody and perennial; leaves pinnatifid and jag¬ 
ged, fmooth, fpreading, having a difagreeable fmell. It 
grows on old buildings and walls in many parts of Eng¬ 
land, as at Yarmouth, Chefler, Taunton-caflle, Lichfield- 
clofe, Briftol, Exeter, Berwick, and plentifully in and 
about London, as about the Tower, the back of Beth- 
letn Hofpital; about Dean’s Yard, Weftminfter ; Hyde 
Park, Chelfea, See. flowering moft part of the fummer. 
16. Braffica richerii : root caulefcent; leaves petiolate, 
fubferrare, upper linear-lanceolate, entire ; filiques four- 
cornered. Root woody, perennial; flem round, ftriated, 
hollow, a cubit and a half high, Ample, or a little branched. 
The whole plant is very fmooth, tender, juicy, and glau¬ 
cous. Native of the fouth of France, and the mountains 
of Piedmont. 
Propagation and Culture. The five fird fpecies are cul¬ 
tivated merely for curiofity. They may be propagated by 
fowing their fleeds on a bed of light earth, early in the 
flpring, irt the place where they are defigned to remain, 
for they do not bear tranfplanting well. When the plants 
are come up pretty drong, they ftiould be thinned, fo as 
to leave them four or five inches apart, and they mud be 
condantly kept clear from weeds. In June they will flower, 
and their feeds will ripen the beginning of Augud. If thefe 
be permitted to fall, the plants will come up, and maintain 
themfelves without any farther care except weeding. 
For the cultivation of Cabbage, Rape, Turnip, &c. in 
farming, fee the article Husbandry. 
The feeds of cole or rape are fown in gardens for win¬ 
ter and fpring fallads, this being one of the fmall fallad- 
herbs. Cole or rape is foinetimes fown on fallow, like 
turnips, foinetimes on the Bubble of an arable crop ; it 
requires good land, very Biff clay does not fuit it, and 
poor land is wholly unfit; but on tlie (ward of old grazing 
grounds, on fen and marffi land, it generally turns out 
the ntod profitable crop for feed. 
The turnip delights in a light, fandy, loamy, foil; in a 
rich foil the roots grow rank and are dicky; bur, if it be 
moid, they will thrive better in fummer, efpccially in frefh 
land, where they are always fweeter than upon an old 
worn out, or a rich, foil. 
Coleworts are greens that never clofe or cabbage, but 
always continue loofe and open. The common cole wort, 
or 
