B R E 
3 SO 
BREVAL', a town oF France, in the department of the 
Seine and Oife, and chief place of a canton, jn the dif- 
triCt of Mantes : one league fouth-weft of Mantes. 
BREVAL' (John Durant de), fon of Francis Durant 
de Breval, D. D. prebendary of Weltminfter, educated 
at Weftminfter-fchool, and removed thence to Trinity- 
college, Cambridge. He was elected fellow of it about 
the year 1702; but upon fome difagreement between him 
and Dr. Bentley the matter, he quitted his fell owin', p, 
and went into the army. The eafe with which he ac¬ 
quired the Flemifh and German languages, his great 
knowledge, his exquiiite pencil, and genteel behaviour, 
were loon noticed by the duke of Marlborough, who 
employed him in divers negotiations with feveral German 
princes. He was the author of feveral poems and fome 
plays. After what has been laid, it may be matter of 
l’urprife to fee Mr. BrevaPs name among the gentlemen 
of the Dunciad; but, foon after the unluccefsful exhibi¬ 
tion of the Three Hours after Marriage, which, though 
with only Gay’s name to it, was certainly the joint pro¬ 
duction of Gay, Pope, and Arbuthnot, Breval, under the 
aflume'd name of Jofeph Gay, produced a farce, called 
The Confederates : and this expofed him to Pope’s re- 
fentrrient. He died January 1739. 
BREVAN'NE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Upper Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
tri< 5 t of Bourmont; fix miles fouth of Bourmont. 
BREVE, f. in mnfic, a note or character of time, equi¬ 
valent to two meafures or minims. In law, a writ; by 
which a man is fummoned or attached to anfvver in ac¬ 
tion ; or whereby any thing is commanded to be done 
in the king’s court, in order to juftice, &c. It is called 
breve, from the brevity of it; and is directed either to the 
chancellor, judges, iheriffs, or other officers. See Writ. 
BRE'VE PERQUIRE'RE, to purchafe a writ or li¬ 
cence of trial, in the king’s courts, by the plaintiff, qui 
breve perquifivat : and hence comes the ufage of paying 
6s. 8d. fine to the king, where the debt is 40I. and of 10s. 
where the debt is 100I. in fuits and trials for money due 
upon bond, Sec. 
BRE'VE de REC'TO, a writ of right, or licence for a 
perfon ejected out of an eflate, to fue for the polfeffion of 
it when detained from him. See Right. 
BREV'EN, a lofty mountain of Swifferland, fituate on 
one fide of the valley of Cbamouny, oppofite to the gla¬ 
ciers. The height above the Mediterranean is ellimated 
at 835S feet. 
BREV'ET, f. An officer in the army whofe rank is 
above his pay : for inftance, a brevet-major ferves only 
as a captain, and receives pay as fuch. 
BREU'GHEL (Peter), commonly called Old Breughel, 
was born at a village of the fame name near Breda, in 
1565. He was firft the pupil of Peter Koeck, and after¬ 
wards Itudied under Jerom Koeck, of Bois-le-Duc. He 
travelled to France and Italy, where he employed himfelf 
in copying the bell models that came in his way. In all 
his works he took nature for his guide. He Itudied land- 
fcape a long time on the mountains of Tyrol. His cheer- 
.ful and humorous turn of mind difplayed itfelf in his 
pictures, which generally confuted of the inarch of ar¬ 
mies, fports and diverfions, country dances and mar¬ 
riages. 
BREU'GHEL (Peter), known by the name of Peter the 
Younger, eldelt fon of Peter the elder, excelled in painting 
conflagrations, demons, lieges, &c. tricks of magicians. 
See. which got him the by-name of hcllifl) Breughel. 
BREU'GHEL (John), fecond fon of Peter the elder, 
born at Breughel about 1575- He early applied himfelf 
to painting flowers and fruits, with great care and won¬ 
derful effect ; he afterwards had great fuccefs in drawing 
landlcapes and views of the fea, fet off with fmall 
figures. He lived long at Cologne, and acquired a re¬ 
putation which will lalt to the lateft pofterity. He made 
a journey to Italy, where his reputation had gone be¬ 
fore him; and his line landfcapes, adorned with fmall 
B R E 
figures, fupenor to 'thofe of his father, gave very great 
fatisfaCtion. He had the name of Fluiuecler, from his af¬ 
fecting to wear velvet clothes. Rubens is faid to have 
made ufe of Breughel’s hand in the landfcape-part of fe¬ 
veral of his pictures. His drawings are lo perfeCt, that 
no one, it is faid, has yet been able to copy them. He 
died in 164.2. 
BRE'VIA TESTA'TA, f. A deed mentioned by the 
feodal writers. Our modern deeds are in reality nothing 
more than an improvement or amplification of the brevia 
tefiata. See Deed. 
BRE'VIARY, f. \breviaire, Fr. breviarhm, Lat.] An 
abridgement; epitome; a compendium.—Crefconius, an 
African bifliop, has given us an abridgement or breviary 
thereof. Aylijf. —The book containing the daily fervice 
of the church of Rome, fimilar to the Book of Common 
Prayer in the church of England.—In antiquity, a book 
firft introduced b)^ Auguftus, containing an account of the 
application of the public money. 
BRE'VIAT, / [from brevis, brevio, Lat.] A fbort com¬ 
pendium.—It is obvious to the fhalloweft difeourfer, that 
the whole counfel of God, as far as it is incumbent for 
man to know, is comprifed in one breviat of evangelical 
truth. Decay of Piety. 
BRE'VIATOR, f. An officer under the eaftern em¬ 
pire, whofe bufinefs it was to write and traiifiate briefs. 
At Rome thofe were ftyied breviators, or abbreviators, who 
dictated and drew up the pope’s briefs. 
BRE'VIATURE, f. \brevio, Lat.] An abbreviation. 
BREV'IBUS ET ROT'ULIS LIBERAN'DIS, a writ 
or mandate to a ftierift’ to deliver unto his fucceffor the 
county, and the appurtenances, with the rolls, briefs, 
remembrances, and all others things belonging to that 
office. Reg. Orig. 295. 
BREVIE'R, f. A fmall-fized type or letter ufed in 
printing; l'o called, probably, from being originally ufed 
in printing a Breviary. Johnfon. —Pages 929, 930, of this 
volume, are printed in brevier. 
BREVIL'OQUENCE, f. [from the Lat. brevis, Ihort, 
and loquor, to Ipeak.] A (hort and apt way of fpeaking. 
BRE'VINE, a town of Swifferland, in the county of 
Neufchatel : twelve miles weft of -Neufchatel. 
BRE'VINT (Daniel), born in Jerfey in 1616. He 
founded three fellowlliips in the colleges of Pembroke, 
Exeter, and Jefus, at Oxford, for Jerfey and Guernfey al¬ 
ternately ; the young gentlemen of thofe iflands, deligned 
for the miniftry, having before been lent to ftudy among 
the Proteftants in France, particularly at Saumur. Here 
Brevint Itudied logic and philofophy. OCtober 12, 1638, 
he was incorporated M. A. at Oxford, as he flood at Sau¬ 
mur ; and the fame year was chofen to be the firft fellow 
at Jefus College, upon the foundation juft mentioned. 
Charles II. prelented him to the tenth prebend in the 
church of Durham. In February 1662, he took die de¬ 
gree of D. D. at Oxford ; and in December 1681 he was 
promoted to the deanery of Lincoln. He died May 5, 
1695. He wrote, 1. Mijj'ale Romanian, or Myltery of the 
Roman Mafs laid open, Oxford, 1672. 2. The Chriftian 
Sacrament and Sacrifice, by way of Difcourfe, Meditation, 
and Prayer. 3. Saul and Samuel at Endor; or the New 
Ways of Salvation and Service ; Oxford, 1674. 
BREV-'ITY, f. \brevitas, Lat.] Concifenels ; fhortnefs; 
contraction into few words.—Virgil, ftudying brevity , and 
having the command of his own language, could bring 
thofe words into a narrow compafs, which a trnnflalOr 
cannot render without circumlocutions. Drydcn. 
BREVOO'RDT, a town and lortrefs of Holland,, 
in the county of Zutphen, furrounded by marflies; Mau¬ 
rice prince of Orange took it by affault in the year 3597: 
leven leagues fouth-eaft of Zutphen, and ten c-alt of Arn- 
heim. 
To BREW, v. a. \_brouwen , Dut. brawen, Ger. bp 1 {nil, 
Sax.] To make liquors by mixing feveral ingredients.—- 
We have drinks brewed with fc-.verai herbs, and roots, and 
fpices. Bacon. —To put into preparation,—Here’s neither 
■_i % buffi 
