B RE 
is no difference between brewer and diltiljer in this pvocefs, 
but that the didiller immediately paffes the (frong wort 
from the mafhing-tun to the back, through the fame ma¬ 
chinery above inserted ; and the tubes may be made of lead* 
or any other metallic fubdance. 
“ Sixthly. To enable me to brew in the warm fummer 
months, I link my backs or working-tuns at lead to a level 
with the ground, but if deeper the bettep, and cover them 
clofely by an arch made of bricks, odother materials, that 
will totally exclude the atmofpheric air from them. I 
place them as near as poflible to a fpring or fand-drain, as 
their depth will naturally draw the water thence, which 
mud be fo contrived as to pafs or flow round the backs or 
tuns. I then introduce a large tube, which paffes through 
the tuns, and keeps the wort feveral degrees lower than 
can polfibly be done by the prefent practice ; by which 
means, I can produce a complete fermentation, even in the 
dog-days. 
Seventhly. In cold or frody weather, if the tun and 
backs dtould lofe the fird heat, intended to carry it thro’ 
the procefs by the foregoing method, you may convey a 
fttpply of yarm or boiling water by the tube, which paffes 
through the body of the backs or tun, communicating its 
heat, which raifes to any degree the working brewer fhall 
think proper; by purfuing this method, in the colded lea- 
fon, I never want a fermentation.” 
For the invention of an apparatus for more expeditiouf- 
ly and effectually cooling worts after brewing, letters pa¬ 
tent, dated July 28, 1790, have likewife been granted to the 
above-mentioned Mr. John Long, jointly with Mr. Tho¬ 
mas Harris of Bridol ; which apparatus they deferibe as 
follows: “The prefent mode of cooling' worts brewed 
from malt and raw grains, at all the breweries and diflil- 
leries in this kingdom, is effected by extending and expo- 
ling them over.a large furf.ice of wooden coolers, by which 
much of the fa.ccharine fubflance is loft by evaporation and 
abforption; and, in the heat of fummer, it is impoffible 
to biing the'worts to a proper temperature or degree of 
coolnefs. This new-invented mode of cooling worts is in¬ 
tended to .remecty thefe inconveniences, and is performed 
by running it through an apparatus condruCted of metal 
or other tubes or worms, ot fpiral or other forms, as opi¬ 
nion and local circumdances may require, and having as 
many revolutions as poflible ; the diameters of which tiibes 
or worms mud be proportioned to the fize and extent of the 
manufactory, from the tenth part of an inch to one hun¬ 
dred inches, or upwards. This apparatus is to be placed 
either in a worm-tub or cidern, pond or river, or other fi- 
tuation, w here a fufficient body of cold water may be con- 
dantly circulating on the external furface thereof; which 
will effectually and expeditioufly cool the worts, in the 
courfe of their paffage through fuch tubes or worms. If 
the apparatus is placed in a tub or cidcrn, the bed and mod 
effectual method is’, to let the worts defeend through it, 
and in that cafe the water mud come in at the bottom ; 
but, if the dtuation of the utenfils is fuch that the worts 
are required to afeend, the water mud be admitted in at 
the top of fuch tub or cidern ; fo that a cofttrary direction 
of the water and wort is uniformly required, and a conti¬ 
nual dream of cold water kept running in, while the wort 
Is prefling through the tube or worm ; by which means 
the worts maybe, at all feafons of the year, reduced, to 
a degree of coolnefs proper for fermentation.” 
The exiding laws relating to brewers, are as follow : By 
flat. 24 Geo. III. c. 41, brewers of flrong and fmall beer 
are to take out annual licences from the officers of excife. 
Brewers are by this and other aCts fubjeCt to various regula¬ 
tions under the excife laws. The duty on beer and ale is 
fettled by flat. .17 Geo. 111 . c. 13. Notice to the excife- 
office mud be given, and entry made of places for brew ing 
beer and ale, to prevent frauds by brew ers. Private per- 
fons may brew beer in their own houfes, for their family, 
or to give away, but mud not lend their brewhoufe for 
other purpofes, on penalty of 50I. By dat. 32 Geo. III. 
&. 8. common brewers mud not fell beer in lefs quantities 
B R I 387 
than calks of 4A gallons. See Excise. By a bye-law of 
the common-council, brewers’ drays dtall not be in the 
dreets of London after eleven in the forenoon in fummer, 
and one in winter. 2 Stra. 108 5". Hardw. 405. Andr. 91. 
BREW'IS,/! A piece of bread foaked in boiling fat 
pottage, made of falted meat. It feems anciently to have 
meant broth.—What an ocean of brewis Ihall I fwim in*. 
Beaumont. 
BRE'WOOD, a fmall town in Staffordfliire, with a 
weekly market on Fridays, and a fair annually on tlie 19th 
of September. Here is a free grammar-fehool well en¬ 
dowed ; and the neighbourhood abounds with gentlemen’s 
feats. It is feven miles north of Wolverhampton, and 
129! north-wed of London. 
BREY, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftpha- 
lia, and bilhopric of Liege, on the river Neer : twenty- 
nine miles north of Liege. 
BREY, a town of Upper Guelderland, dx miles wed: 
of Venlo 
BREYNAN'DY, a river of South Wales, which runs 
into the Clethy, near Lanekeven, in Pembrokefhire. 
BREY'NIA, J. [fo named by Forfter, in memory of 
Jac. Breynius, and his fon Jac. Phil. Breynius, M. D. both 
celebrated botanids.j In botany, a genus of the clafs po- 
lygamia, order dioecia. The generic characters >are—L 
Hermaphrodite flowers. Calyx: perianthium one-leafed, 
turbinate, minute, fix-parted ; parts concave, blunt, clofe-. 
ly converging, depreffed flat at the end, fo that it is per¬ 
vious only by a fmall hole. Corollq : none. Stamina: 
filaments none ; antherae five, linear, upright, fadened lon¬ 
gitudinally to the dyle, approximating. Pidillum: germ 
very fmall; dyle cylindric, the length of the calyx ; dig- 
ma blunt. Pericarpium : berry dry, globular, three-cell¬ 
ed, propped on the perianthium, now become three times 
its former fize, and fpreading very much ; the fegments 
orbiculate and nearly equal. Seeds: two, convex at the 
back, flat on the fides. II. Male flowers. Calyx: peri,- 
anthium one-leafed, five-parted ; leaflets roundidi, con¬ 
cave, aimoft eqnal. Corolla : none ; neftary five glands, 
fubpedicelled, alternate with the damens. Stamina : fila¬ 
ments five, very Ihort; antherae roundilh, the length of 
the calyx, III Female flowers. Calyx and corolla: as 
in the male. Pidillum: germ globofe ; dyle none; dig- 
mas five, obcordate, refembling petals. Pericarpium : 
capfule five-celled. Seeds: folitary, fubtriquetrous.— 
RJjentialCharaEler. Calyx, one-leafed ; corolla none. Her¬ 
maphrodite. Calyx fix-parted ; antherae five, linear, fad¬ 
ened to the dyle ; berry three- elled; feeds two. Male. 
Calyx five-parted ; filaments five ; antherae roundilh. Fe¬ 
male. Stigmas five, obcordate, petaioid, without any dyle; 
capfule five-celled ; feed folitary: 
There is but one fpecies, known by the name of brey- 
nia didicha. It is a native of Nevy Caledonia, and the ifle 
of Tanna, in the South Seas. See Capparis and Seri- 
phium. 
BREY'NIUS (James), of Dantzic,originally of the Lob- 
Countries, died in .1697, at the age of fixty; pubiifhed 
Plantarum Exoticarum Centuria 1, Gedani 1678, fol. cum, 
fig. Fafciculus 1 et 2 'Plantarum rarior. 1680 and 1689, 
4to. not commonly to be met with. 
BREYREL'DE, a town of Flanders, eight milesfouth 
of Alod. 
BREZE, a town of France, in the department of the 
Mayneand Loire: eight miles fouth of Saumur. 
BREZOLL'ES, or Bresoli.es, a town of France, in 
the department of the Eure and Loire, and chief place of 
a canton, in the didrift of Chateauneitf: three, leagues 
north-wed of Chateauneuf, and four wed of Dreux. 
BRI'ADEN, a town of /vfiatic Turkey, in Syria, 100 
miles north-north-ead of Damafcus. . 
BRl'AN, [of bruiatit , Fr. clamorous.] A proper name 
of a ntan. 
BRI ANCON', or BRIAN90N', a town of France, and 
principal place of a didrift, in the department of the High¬ 
er Alps, lituated on the Durance, furrounded with rocks 
and 
