B R O M. 
pen in his garden ; but it appears that ftveral Jiad that 
i'atisfadbi'on at the Came titne in tlie beginning of the pre- 
fent century. The German gardens in which the ananas 
were firft brought to maturity, appear to have been the fol¬ 
lowing. Firft, that of baron de Munchaufen, at Schwobber,' 
not far from Hameln, which, on account of the botanical 
knowledge of its proprietor, and the abundance of plants 
it contains, is well known to all thofe who are fond of bo¬ 
tany. In the beginning of this century it belonged to 
Otto de Munchaufen, who, perhaps, was the firft perfon 
who erected large buildings for the exprefs purpofe of 
railing that fruit, and who had the noble fatisfaftfon.of 
making known their advantageous conftruPtion. With 
this view he tent a defcription and plan of his ananas- 
houfes to J. Chriftopher Volkamer, a merchant of Nurem¬ 
berg', who inferted them in his continuation of the Nu¬ 
remberg Hefperides, printed there in 1714, and by thefe 
means rendered the attainment of this fruit common. This 
baron de Munchaufen is the fame who is celebrated by 
Leibnitz: “ All the travellers in the world,” fays that 
great man, “ could not have given us, by their relations, 
what we are indebted for to a gentleman of this country, 
who cultivates with fuccefs the ananas, three leagues from 
Hanover, almoft on the banks of the Weler, and who has 
found out the method of multiplying them, fo that vve may, 
perhaps, have them one day as plentiful, of our own growth, 
as the Portuguefe oranges, though there will, in all ap¬ 
pearance, be Tome deficiency in the tafte.” As the baron 
Munehaufen’s garden at Schwobber was, in the abfence 
of the proprietor, as Volkamer lays, under the care of 
J. P. Berner, canon of the cathedral of St. Boniface, lie 
probably may have had fome (hare, in rendering this fer- 
vice to horticulture. This fruit was produced alfo in the 
garden of doctor Volkamer at Nuremberg, and in that of 
doctor F. Kaltfchmid at Brellau, almoft about the fame 
time. The latter was fo fortunate as to bring it to matu¬ 
rity fo early as 1702, and be fent fome of it then for the 
firft time to the imperial court. At Francfort on the 
Mayneit was firft produced in 1702; and at Caftel in 1715, 
by the (kill of Wurftofs, the head-gardener, Holland 
procured the firft ripe ananas from the garden of De la 
Court, whom Miller calls Le Cottr, in the neighbourhood 
of Leyden. As a great many plants were fold out of this 
garden to foreigners, and as the Englifh had theirs firft 
from it, many are of opin : on that Europe is indebted for 
the (li ft poftellion of this fruit to De la Court, and his gar¬ 
dener William de Vinck. 
Species. 1. Bromelia ananas, or ananas, or pine-apple : 
varieties, i. Ananas ovata, or queen-pine ; ii. Ananas py- 
ramidalis, or fugar-loaf pine ; hi. Ananas lucida, or king- 
pine ; iv. Ananas glabra, or fmooth pine; v. Ananas fe- 
rotina, or late pine ; vi. Ananas viridis, or green pine: 
leaves ciliate-fpiny, nmcronate ; (pike coniofe. The fruit 
now fo well known in Europe by the name of ananas or 
pine-apple, and fo much efteemed for the richnefs of its 
flavour, is produced from an heibaceous plant, which has 
leaves fomewhat refembfing thofe of aloe, and for the moft 
part ferrate on their edges, but much thinner, and not fo 
fucculent as thofe of the aloe. The fruit refembling in 
ftiape the cone of fome fpecies of the pine-trie, has its 
vulgfar name of pine-apple from that circumftance. As 
fome of the fruits produce feeds in' England, w hen the 
greater number have no appearance of any, it is doubtful 
whether there may not be fome with male, and others 
with hermaphrodite, flowers; becaufe thofe fruits which 
hat feeds are remarkably different from the others, when 
cut through the cells in which'the feeds are lodged ; for 
in thefe they lie near to the centre of the fruit, whereas 
in thole which have abortive cells they are chiefly clofe 
♦o the rind. Where this plant is a native is hard to de¬ 
termine ; but it is probably an indigenotisiplant of Africa, 
where it grows in uncultivated places in great plenty. 
Linnaeus aferibes it to New Spain and Surinam : probably 
it is common to the tropical parts .of the three continents 
of Ada, Africa, and America. It is commonly faid that 
Vol. 111 . No. 1.39. 
ELIA. . 4 7 5 
Sir Matthew Decker, of Richmond, was the firft who 
railed the ananas here; but it was introduced into Eng¬ 
land fo far back as the year 1690, by Mr. Bentick. 
There are'many varieties of this fruit; if the feeds were 
fown frequently in their native country, the varieties might 
be as numerous as thole of apples or pears in Europe. 
This is rendered probable by fotne trials made in England 
in fovving the feeds, which have always produced a variety 
of forts from the fame fruit, i. The queen-pine is the 
moft. common in Europe, but the fugar-loaf is much pre¬ 
ferable to it, the fruit being larger and much better fla¬ 
voured ; the juice alfo is not fo aftringent as that of the 
firft, fo that this fruit may be eaten in greater quantity 
with lefs danger, ii. The fugar-loaf pine is eafily diftin- 
guiftied from all the others, by its leaves• having purple 
ftripes on their infide the whole length. The fruit is of a 
paler dolour when ripe, inclining to a draw-colour. This 
was brought from Braiil to Jamaica, where it is efteemed 
far beyond tire others. The next in goodnels to this is 
what the inhabitants of the ifiands in America call the 
Montferrat-pine. The leaves are of a dark brown, inclin¬ 
ing to purple on their inlide. The protuberances of the 
fruit are longer and flatter than thole of the common fort. 
Mr. Miller railed feveral plants of this from feeds winch 
he received from the illand of St. Thomas, where this fruit 
is in greater perfection than in any of the Britifh ifiands. 
iii. The king-pine was raifed from feeds taken out of a 
ratten fruit which came from the Weft Indies to Henry 
Heatbcote, Efq. from whom Mr. Miller received one 
plant, which lias produced large fruit. He afterwards railed 
lome plants of this fort from feeds, which were bought 
from Jamaica, iv. The fmooth pine is preserved by fome 
perfons for the fake of variety,- but the fruit is not worth 
any thing, vi. The green pine is at prefent the moft rare 
in Europe. This has been efteemed the bed fort known, 
by fome of the moft curious perfons in America, many of 
whom have thrown out all the others from their gardens, 
to cultivate this only. The fruit, if differed to ripen 
well, is of an olive colour; to have it green it rauft be cut 
before it is ripe, when it is not fit to be eaten. Plants of 
this may be procured from Barbadoes and Montferrat ; 
but the fruit of the fugar-loaf fpecies is much to be pre¬ 
ferred to it. Loureiro'mentions a variety that occurs, in 
Cochin-china, not inferior in flavour to the belt pines, which 
continues quite green when ripe, with a white flelh. Other 
varieties, moft known among the growers'of pines, are 
the following: i. Black Antigua or Ripley, v. Granada 
pine, with marbled leaves and very large fruit, iii,.Bog- 
warp pine, with broad,green leaves, iv. Smooth, long, 
narrow-leaved, pine. v. Montferrat > vi. Surinam pine, 
with filver-ftriped leaves, vii. The fame, with gold-ftri- 
ped leaves. But it is unneceftary to be more particular in 
fnch Varieties, becaufe they are not permanent ; new ones 
may be produced every day ; and, after all, the oval whi, 
tilh.ficfhed or queen-pine, and particularly the pyramidal 
yell.ow-fleftied ordugar-loaf pine, are confefiedly fup.erior 
in flavour to all the reft. 
2. Bromelia penguin, or penguin or broad-leaved wild 
ananast: leaves ciliate-fpiny, itiucronate ; raceme terminal, 
The leaves of this fpecies are very thick about the root ; 
and from the centre of thefe fprings the'(talk, whidh ge¬ 
nerally riles to the height of twelve or fixteen inches above 
the foliage, and divides into many little lateral branches, 
bearing lo many (ingle flowers. When the plant begins 
to (hoot into bloftoni, all the leaves become of a fine (car- 
let colour towards the (talk, and -continue fo until the 
fruit begins to ripen, but it then begins to change, and 
afterwards fades gradually away. T lie fruits are feparate, 
each nearly the (ize of a-walnut; the pulp has an agrtv- 
able.fweetne-ls, but joined wit}) fuch a iluufmels, that, if 
fufferdd to lie any. time in the mouth, it will cqrrode the 
palate and gums, fo as to make the blood ooze from thofe 
tender parrs. The fruit'is thus deferibed by Gartner : it 
is an inferior berry, of a'n ovate-pvramidal ftiape, obfeure- 
lyithree-pornered, covered w ith .rindwjuch is rugged with 
5 OLa ’** ;!> " " railed 
