B R O 
forts. Native of England, France, Germany, Switzerland, 
and Siberia; with us in corn-fields near Glaftonbury in So- 
merfet(hire, and Maresfield in Suflex ; flowering in July. 
5. Bromus purgans, or purging brome-grafs: panicle 
nodding, curled ; leaves naked on both fides ; (heaths 
hairy; glumes villofe. Culm a foot high, firm; leaves 
as broad as thofe of reed, keeled. The European differs 
froth Feuillee’s Canadian plant, in having fibrous, and not 
fcaly, roots, and narrower fpikelets. 
6. Bromus inermis, or awnlefs brome-grafs : panicle 
ere£t, branching; fpicules fubcolumnar, fubulate, naked, 
al.mofl awnlefs. Root very creeping, like quick ; culms a 
foot or eighteen indies in height, upright, round, flrcaked, 
lmoot-h, dark green, the joints fometimes tinged with 
purple, fmooth; leaves broad, acu,minat^, fmooth, dark 
green, midrib-whitilh, rough. Native of Germany and 
Switzerland. 
7. Bromus bifidus, or bifid brome-grafs: panicle ereft, 
branching; fpicules ovate, fubtriflorous ; glumes bifid- 
letaceous ; awn divaricated. Native of Japan. 
8. Bromus afper, or rough brome-grafs: panicle branch¬ 
ed, nodding, fcabrous ; fpikelets linear, roundifh, ten- 
flowered, hairy-awned, culm and leaves rough with hairs. 
Few plants have had a greater variety of names, or have 
been confidered as more diftimSt fpecies, than this rough 
or hairy-(talked brome-grafs. It is the tailed of our Eng- 
lifh grades, according to the obfervation of Mr. Curtis, 
often exceeding fix feet in height, and it is diftinguifhed 
from them all by'the hairinefs of its dalle, and efpecially 
of tlie (heaths of the leaves which cover it. It has leaves 
a foot long, rough and hairy; the panicle a foot long or 
more', branched, and nodding one way in a curve ; pe¬ 
duncles very long, in pair's, rough when handled the 
wrong way. It feems to be an annual gral's, though Mr. 
Curtis afl’erts it to be perennial. Sclueber obferves, that 
the root is not at allcreeping. Tiie leaf-fheaths are co¬ 
vered with long rigid hairs, bending backwards; the 
leaves themfelves have fewer and Ihorter hairs, and thofe 
chiefly along the edges and midrib. It grows in hedges 
and woods in Britain, Germany, Switzerland, &c. and 
flowers .with us from June to Auguft. It appears to be 
too coarfe a grafs to be cultivated for cattle. 
9. Bromus ciliatus, or ciliate.brome-grafs: panicle nod¬ 
ding ; leaves on both (ides, and (heaths fomewliat hairy ; 
glumes ciliate. Native of Canada, where it was found 
by Kalm. 
10. Bromus fierilis, or barren brome-grafs: panicle 
fpreading ; fpikelets oblong, dilticfi ; glumes fubulate- 
awned. Root annual ; culms from one to two feet high, 
nearly upright, round and fmooth, at bottom crooked, 
the joints fwelled ; leaves flat, both they and their (heaths 
covered with fliort foft hairs. It is very common under 
hedges, flowering in May and June-. It is a troublefome 
weed in faintfoin, being fo foft as to let the feythe flip 
over it, ripening very early, and being very difficult to 
feparate from faintfoin-feed. It is called by the common 
people in fome places black-grafs. Villars mentions a 
variety of this, with larger and lefs numerous fpikelets, 
on a lower plant, known to Monti, Micheli,and Scheuch- 
zer, under the name of gramen bromoides locujlis maximis 
lanuginofum halicuiii. I.eers_ lias another, with a taller 
culm, broader leaves, all villofe; panicle fuller of flow¬ 
ers, a foot long ; fpikelets (mailer, with Ihorter awns, 
pubefeent all over, and pendulous. 
11. Bromus arvenfis, or corn brome-grafs: panicle nod¬ 
ding, fpikelets ovatc-oblong. Root annual ; culms up¬ 
right, often the thicknefs of a goofe-quill, two, three, or 
four, feet high, decumbent at bottom ; leaves flat, the 
lower lurface and the edges very rugged. It grows by 
way-fides, and on the borders of corn-fields, flowering in 
July. This fpecies has been confounded with the fir ft; 
but the culms are double the fize ; whereas the fpikelets, 
which are twice as many, are lefs by half, more oval, and 
have a greater npmber of flowers. 
12. Bromus geniculatus, or kneed brome-grafs: panicle 
M U S. 431 
eredt, flofcules diflant, peduncles ; angular, culm with a 
procumbent knee. Culms fcarcely four inches high, de¬ 
cumbent to the lafl knot, brown, thence riling; leaves 
fmooth and even. Native of Portugal and Naples. 
13. Bromus tedtorum, or wall brome-grafs : panicle 
nodding, fpikelets linear. Root annual, or at molt bien¬ 
nial ; culms a fpan or a foot high, (lender, upright,, with 
three, four, or five, (welling joints, after flowering lying 
on the ground, and becoming of a brownifh red colour ; 
leaves narrow, flat, pubefeent on their lower furface, 
white-villofe on their tipper, ciliate towards the bale. 
Native of mod parts of Europe, on walls, buildings, and 
in dry pafiures ; but not of England. It flowers from 
May to July. Wall brome-grafs, when approaching to a 
ftatc of maturity, may be ufeful in dying, where it can be 
colledled in (ufneient quantity. 
14. Bromus giganteus, or tallbrome-grafs: panicle nod¬ 
ding, fpikelets four-flowered, awns Ihorter. Root peren¬ 
nial; culms almofi: the height of a man, upright, ftrong, 
fmooth, with three or four knots, frequently tinged with 
ruflet-colour; leaves the breadth of a finger, flat, fmooth, 
Alining underneath, w ith two purphfh-brown appendages 
or (traps at the bafe on -each fide embracing the culm. 
Native of mod parts of Europe, in woods and under mold 
hedges ; flowering from July to September. It is a pro- 
dudtiye grafs, and cattle are faid to be fond of it; but 
there is not much probability of its being a good grafs for 
meadows and pafiures. 
15. Bromus rubens, or red or Spani(h brome-grafs: pa¬ 
nicle fafcicled, ovate; fpikelets fubfeflile, villofe, (even- 
flowered; awns eredt. Root annual; culrfis fro.m eight 
to fourteen incites in height, proflrate at the bafe, and 
thence upright, reddiflt but deeper coloured at the joints; 
leaves a line and a half broad, three inches long, (harp, 
and fmooth. Native of the neighbourhood of Madrid, on 
the borders of cbrn-fields ; flowering in May. 
16. Bromus fcoparius : panicle fafciclc-d; fpikelets lub- 
feflile, fmooth; awns fpreading. - The awns-in the fame 
plant are fometimes upright; the colour is fometimes 
green, often blood-red, but more frequently paler. 
17. Bromus rigens, or (tiff brome-grafs: panicle fpiked, 
fpikelets fubfeflile, eredl, pubefeent, fubquadriflorous. 
Culms fix or feven inches high, clothed with leaves, which 
are nerved, and (lightly hairy on the upper lurface. Na¬ 
tive of Portugal. 
18. Bromus racemofus, or racemed brome-grafs: ra¬ 
ceme entirely Ample, peduncles one-flowered, fpikelets. 
fix-flowered, even awned. This fpecies is found growing 
in calcareous pafiures in the neighbourhood of Oxford; 
and flowering in June and July. 
19. Bromus triflorous, or three-flowered brome-grafs: 
panicle fpreading, fpikelets fubtriflorous. . Stem five feet 
high ; leaves one or two lines broad, rough when rubbed 
the wrong way, dry and reedy. Native of Germany, and 
perhaps of Denmark, in woods; flowering in June and July. 
20. Bromus Madritenfis, or-Madrid brome-grafs: pa¬ 
nicle thinner, expanding-eredt; fpicules linear, the inter¬ 
mediate ones in pairs ; pedicels thicker upwards. Culms 
two feet high, fmooth and even, with fwoln joints; l^pves 
broadifh, foft. Native of Spain; Italy, at Rome; and 
England, about London, Oxford, and Severn-Stoke in 
Worcefierfhire, on old walls ; flowers in May. 
21. Bromus ramofus, or branched brome-grafs: culm 
much branching, fpicules fellile, leaves involute-fubulate. 
Root perennial ; leaves as narrow or narrower than the 
culm. This fpecies may be diftinguifhed from the next 
by its being more (tiff and hard ; the fpikelets are five" in. 
number in the ftoutefi plants, they are fmooth, and have 
only a very fliort awn, which is commonly wanting in the 
lower flowers ; in other varieties the (talks are branched 
at the bafe, their leaves rolled up, and their fpikelets very 
few. According to Linnaeus it was found in the Levant 
by Schreber;' Scheuchzer fays it was fent him from 
Smyrna by conful Sherard ; and Villars obferved it in 
Dauphine. 
22. Bromus 
