432 B R Q 
22. Bromus pinnatus, or pinnated or fpiked brome- 
grafs: culm undivided ; fpikelets alternate, fubfelfile, 
columnar, Cuba wired. Root perennial; leaves flat. Found 
in paltures,. especially in a calcareous foil. 
23. Bromus criftatus, or crefted brotne-grafs: fpikelets 
imbricate in a double row, felfile, deprefted. Native of 
Siberia and Tartary. 
■ 24. Bromus diftachyos, or two-fpiked brome-grafs: 
fpikes two, erect, alternate. Native of the fouth of Eu¬ 
rope and the Eevant. />nnuaj, 
25. Bromus ftipoides : panicle Somewhat ereift, pedun¬ 
cles enliform. Root annual ; culms lix or Seven inches 
high, many, upright, with oiie or two joints, even,; a leaf 
at each joint, Shorter than the culm. Native of Majorca. 
Propagation and Culture. See Grass. See alfo Dac- 
t yli s, Fkstuca, and Triticum. • • 
BROM*YARD; a.Small town in Hereford fit ire, on the 
river Fronte, 124 miles from London, near the mid-way 
between Hereford and WorceSter, in a country full of or¬ 
chards. It has a market on Mondays, and fairs on Thurf- 
duy before March 25, May 3., Whit-Mondav, on the 
Thurlday before St. James’s-day, and on the Thurfday 
before October 29. 
BRON (Nieder and Ober), two towns of France, in 
the department of the Lower Rhine : ten miles welt of 
Haguenau. 
BRON'CKIA, f. 7%©-, the throat.] The afpera 
arteria, or winch-pipe. See Anatomy. 
BRON'CHIAL, or Bronchic, adj. Belonging to the 
throat.—Inflammation of the lungs may happen either in 
the bronchial or pulmonary veflels, and may foon be com¬ 
municated from one to the other, when the inflammation 
affects both the lobes. A'but/rnot. 
BRONCJHOCE'LE, f. the wind-pipe, and 
jc/Ar,, a tumour.] A tumour appearing in the fore-part of 
the neck, between the fkin and the wind-pipe. For the 
cure, fpe Surgery. 
BRONC'HORST, or Bronhorst, a town of the 
Batavian republic, in the county of Zutphen: five miles 
north of Duefburg. 
BRONCHO'TOMY, J~. the wind-pipe, and 
TEp.ru, to cut.] That operation which opens the wind¬ 
pipe by incifion, to prevent fufiocation in a quinfey. See 
Surgery. 
BRO'NI, or Bronno, a town of Italy, in the Milanefe, 
where the French were defeated by the Itnperialifls in the 
year 1703 : ten-miles fouth-weft of Pavia. 
BRON KIHORST (JTohn Van), an eminent painter, who 
flourifhed about the middle of the Seventeenth century. 
He was born at Utrecht; and, after having itudied under 
feveral mafters, entered the fchool of Cornelius Poelem- 
burg, whofe (lyle of painting lie imitated with great fuc- 
cefs. He painted both hiftor-y and landfcape; and his 
piftures, which are highly finilhed, are greatly efteemed. 
BRON'NlfCOV, a town of Siberia, on the Irkutfch : 
twenty-eight miles north of Tobollk. 
BRON'TES, in fabulous hiftory, a famous Cyclop, who 
■forged the tlmnder-bolts of Jupiter. He made a dreadful 
noiftfcin flfiking upon his anvil with Sreropes and Pyrac- 
inon, the*'other Cyclops, who had the fame office. 
BRON'TL a town of the illand of Sicily : twenty.eight 
miles well of Taormina. 
BRON'TIS, f. [|3<5t juta, thunder.] The thunder-flone, 
fo called becaufe it was fuppofed to fall down in thnnder- 
ftortnsv See Belemnites. 
BRON'TIUM, J. in Grecian antiquity, a place under¬ 
neath the floor of the theatres, in which were kept veHels 
full of (tones and other materials, with which they imita¬ 
ted the noife of thunder. 
BRONTO'LOGY,/i and difoourfe.] 
The doftrine of thunder, or an explanation of its caufes, 
phenomena, &c. Sec Electricity, and Thunder. 
BRONZE, J. A compound metal of copper and tin, 
to which Sometimes other metallic Jubilances, particularly 
B R O 
zinc, are added. This metal is brittle, hard, and fonoroqs. 
It is employed in calling bells, cannons, and ftatues; and 
the proportions of the component metals are varied to fuit 
the feveral purpofes to which it is applied. This com¬ 
pound, like Lome others, is Specifically heavier than either 
df the metals taken Separately. A metallic mafs, com¬ 
posed of four-fifths of copper and- one-fifth part of tin, 
weighs in water grains more than the fame quantifies 
of thefe two metals would together weigh in water if not 
allayed. This proves, that in the union of Copper and 
tin thepe is a penetration of parts, the one metal entering 
into the pores of the other; and this is further confirmed 
by an observation of M. Tillet, member of the royal aca¬ 
demy of fciences. InTiis memoir concerning the ductility 
of metals, he takes notice, that, when the mixture of cop¬ 
per and tin is made in the proportions above-mentioned, 
the colour of the copper is entirely annulled and covered 
by that of the tin, although the quantity of the firft: be 
four times greater ; and this lingular effect cannot be un¬ 
derstood without admitting a total change in the (ize and 
difpolition of the pores of the compound metal. Tin being 
lets fubjebt to ruff than copper, lo bronze is lets liable to 
be covered with verdigreafe than pure copper is; and this 
is one realbn why it is ufed for cannons, Statues, and works 
expofed to the air and weather. The greater fulibility of 
bronze than copper is alfo an advantageous property, and 
much facilitates the calling of large works. The opera¬ 
tion for calling bronze is Sufficiently Simple: for this pur- 
pofe a brick furnace is ufed, nearly of the lhape of an oven 
for baking bread. The floor of this furnace is concave, 
and co'nfills of a competition of Sand and clay. In this 
hollow floor the metals 10 be filled are put. The furnace 
has three openings: the firft is a lateral mouth, at which 
enters the flame of the wood placed in a fecond furnace, 
on one fide of the firft ; the Second opening is a chimney 
placed on a lide oppofite to the mouth, by means of which 
t he flame is drawn over, the metal; the third is a hole 
which is opened and Shut at plea lure., through which, the 
inner part of the furnace maybe occasionally inSpeeded, 
that the Slate of the metal may be obferved. When the 
metal is in the ftate required, a fourth opening is then un-_ 
doled, communicating with the holiow floor, and through 
which the melted metal flows by channels into the moulds 
prepared to receive it. Bronze alfo denotes a preparation 
ufed by colourmen, wherewith to imitate bronze. There 
are two forts, the red bronze and the yellow' or golden : 
the latter is made folely of copper-duii, the fined and 
brightest that cun begot; the former is made of the lame, 
with the addition of a little red ochre well pulverized. 
They aremoth applied with varniih. 
BRON'ZES,yi A name given by antiquarians to figures 
either of men or beads, to urns, and in general to every 
piece of Sculpture which the ancients made of that metal. 
We likewife give the name of bronzes to ftatues or buds 
call of bronze, whether thefe pieces be copies of antiques, 
or original lubjebts. Among medallifts, all copper me¬ 
dals bear the name of bronze. 
BRON'ZING, f. The art or aft of imitating bronze, 
which is done by means of copper-dud or leaf, faftened 
on the oiitdde, as gold leaves are in gilding. 
BRONZO'LO, a town,of Germany, in the county of 
Tyrol, on the Adige: ftve miles .South of Bolzano. 
BROOCH,/, \_broke , Dut.] A jewel; an ornament of 
jewels. — Richly Suited, but unfealbnable; juft like the 
brooch and the toothpick, which w'e wear not now, Shakcf. 
With painters, a painting all of one colour. 
To BROOCH, v. a. To adorn with jewels : 
Not th’ imperious lhow 
Of the fiill-fortun’d Caefar, ever fnall 
Be broach'd with me. Skakcfpeare. 
To BROOD, v. n. [ bradan , Sax.] To fit as on eggs; 
to hatch them. See To Hatch. 
Here nature Spreads her fruitful fweetnefs round, 
Breathes on the air, and broods upon tiie ground. Dryden. 
To 
