B R O 
took a great many prifoners. Being recalled to Bavaria, 
lie performed feveral military exploits, and returned to 
Italy in 1746. He drove the Spaniards out of the Mi- 
lanefe; and, having joined the army of the prince de 
Lichtenftein, he commanded the left wing of the Auftrian 
troops at the battle of Placentia, the 15th of June, 1746 ; 
and routed the right wing of the enemy’s army, command¬ 
ed by the marfhal de Maillebois. After this famous bat¬ 
tle, lie commanded the army ordered againft the Genoefe, 
made himfelf m.after of the pafs of la Bochetta, though 
defended by 4000 men, and took pofleflion of the city of 
Genoa. Count Brown then went to join the troops of 
the king of Sardinia, and, in conjunction with him, took 
Mont-albano, and the territory of Nice. He palled the 
Var the 30th of November, in oppolition to the French, 
troops, entered Provence, and captured the ides of St. 
Marguerite and St. Honorat. He had nearly made him¬ 
felf mailer of all Provence, when the revolution at Genoa, 
and the army of the marfhal de Belleille, obliged him to 
make that fine retreat which acquired him the admiration 
of all good judges of military taftics. He employed the 
reft of the year' 1747 in delending the Hates of the houle 
of Auftria in Italy. The emprefs queen of Hungary, in 
reward of his fignal campaigns in Italy, made him gover¬ 
nor ofTranfylvania. In 1752, he had the government 
of the city of Prague, with the general command of the 
troops of that kingdom; and the king ot Poland, elector 
of Saxony', honoured him i\ith the order of the white 
eagle. The king ofPruftia having invaded Saxony in 1756, 
and attacked Bohemia, count Brown marched againft him ; 
he repulfed that prince at the battle of Lobolitz the ill of 
October, although he had but 26,800 men, and the king 
of Prullia was at the head of at lead 40,000. Within a 
week after this engagement, he undertook that celebrated 
march into Saxony, for delivering the Saxon troops Ihut 
tip between Pirna and Konigftein : an aClion worthy of 
the greatell general, whether ancient or modern. He af¬ 
terwards obliged the Pruftians to retreat from Bohemia; 
for which fervice he obtained the collar of the golden 
fleece, with which he was honoured by the emperor, 
March 6, 1757. Shortly after this, count Brown went in¬ 
to Bohemia, where he raifed troops with the utmoft ex¬ 
pedition, in order to make head againft the king of Prul- 
fia, who had entered it afrelh with his whole army. On 
the 6th of May was fought the famous battle of Potlhcr- 
nitz, or of Prague, when count Brown was dangeroully 
wounded. Obliged to retire to Prague, he there died of 
his wounds, the26thof June, 1757, at the age ot fifty- 
two. The count was not only a great general, he vvas an 
equally able negociator, and well (killed in politics. He 
married, Auguft 15, 1726, Maria Philippina countefs of 
Martinitz, of an illuftrious and ancient family in Bohemia, 
by whom he had two tons. The life of this excellent 
commander was publifhed in two feparate volumes, one in 
German, the other in French, printed at Prague in 1757. 
BROWN (John), an ingenious Englifli writer, born in 
Northumberland, Nov. 5, 1715, at Rothbmy, of which 
place his father was curate, but removed almoft imme¬ 
diately after to the vicarage of Wigton in Cumberland. 
Here, at a grammar-fchool, young Brown received the 
firft part of his education; and was thence removed, in 
1732, to St. Jolm’s-college in Cambridge. He remained 
here, till in 1735 he took the degree of B. A. then re¬ 
turned to Wigton, and foon after went into orders. His 
firft fettlement was in Carlille, beingcholena minor canon 
and lecturer in that cathedral. In 1739 he took a M. A. 
degree at Cambridge. In the rebellion of 1745, he acted 
as a volunteer at the fiege of Carlille, and behaved with 
great intrepidity. Thus diftinguiftied, he fell under the 
notice of Dr. Ofbaldifiton; who, when raifed to the fee of 
Carlille, made him one of his chaplains; lie had before 
obtained for him the'living of Moreland in Weftmoreland. 
It was probably about this time that he wrote his poem 
intitled Honour, to fliew, that true honour can only be 
W N. . 443' 
founded in viifile; it was infcribed to lot'd Lon(dale. His 
next poetical production, though not immediately pub¬ 
lifhed, was his Eftay on Satire, in three parts, addreffed 
to Dr. Warburton, who thereupon introduced him to Mr. 
Allen, of Prior-park, near Bath. Whileat Mr. Allen’s, he 
preached at Bath, April 22, 1750, a fermon for promot¬ 
ing the fubfcripiion towards the general hofpital in that 
city, intitled, On the Purfuit of I'alfe Pleafure, and the 
Mifchief of Immoderate Gaming; and there was prefixed 
to it, when publiflied, the following advertifement . “ In 
juftice to the magiftrates of the city of Bath, it is thought 
proper to inform the reader, that thepublic gaming-tables 
were by them fuppreffed there, foon after the preaching 
of this fermon.” The year after, appeared the Eftay on 
Satire, prefixed to the fecond volume of Pope’s Works by 
Warburton; with which it ftill continues to be printed, 
as well as in Dodfiey’s colledlion. 
Brown now began to figure as a writer; and, in 1751, 
publiflied his Effays on Shaftefbury’s CharaCteriftics, a 
work written with elegance and fpirit, and fo applauded 
as to be printed a fifth time in 1764. He is imagined to 
have had a principal hand in another book, publiilied alft> 
the fame year, called, An Eftay on Mufical Expreflion ; 
though the avowed author was Mr. Charles Avifon. In 
1754, he printed a fermon. On the Ufe and Abufe of Ex¬ 
ternals in Religion ; preached before the bifhop of Carlille, 
at the confecration of St. James’s church in Whitehaven. 
Soon after this, he was promoted to Great Horkelley in 
Effex ; a living in the gift of lord Hardwicke. His next 
appearance was as a. dramatic writer; and, in 1755, his 
tragedy of Barbarofla was produced upon the ftage, and 
afterwards his Athelftan, in 1736. Thefe tragedies palled 
well enough upon the ftage, under the management erf 
Garrick, but were attacked by criticifm and ftrictures, 
upon publication, as all dramatic productions, are. In 
1757, came out his famous work, intitled. An Eftiniate of 
the Manners and Principles of the Times, 8 vo. famous, 
becaufe feven editions of it w-ere printed in little more 
than a-year, and becaufe it was perhaps as extravagantly 
applauded, and as extravagantly cenlured, as any' book 
that was ever w ritten. The defign of it was to fliew, that 
“ avain, luxurious, and felfifh, effeminacy, in the higher 
ranks of life, marked the character of the age; and.to 
point out the effeCts and fources of this effeminacy.” In 
1758, he publifhed a fecond volume of the Eliimate; and, 
afterwards, An explanatory Defence of it. 
Between the firft and fecond volume of the Eftiniate, lie 
re-publilhed Dr. Walker’s Diary of the Siege of London¬ 
derry. He wms, about this tripe, prefented by the biftiop 
of Carlille to the vicarage of St. Nicholas in Newcaftie- 
upon-Ty :.e, reiigning Great Horkefley in Effex ; and made- 
one of the chaplains in ordinary to his prefent majefty. 
In 1760, he publiflied An additional Dialogue of the Dead, 
between Pericles and Ariftides, being a Sequel to a Dia¬ 
logue of lord I.yttleton’s between Pericles and Cofmo. 
d his is fuppofed to have been defigned as a vindication of 
Mr. Pitt’s political charaCler and conduct, againft fume 
hints of difapprobation by lord Lyttleton. His next pub¬ 
lication was the Cure of Saul, a facred ode ; which was. 
followed bya Differtation on the Rife, Union, and Power, 
the Progreffions, Separations, and Corruptions, of Poetry 
and Mulic, 4to. This is a pleafing performance, difplays 
great ingenuity ; and, though not without miftakes, is very 
inftruCting as well as amufing upon the w hole. lie pub- 
lifned in 8vo, 1764, the Hiftory of the Rife and Progrefs 
of Poetry through its feveral Species ; being the Jubilance 
of the above work, for the benefit of clailical readers not 
knowing in mulic. In 1765, Thoughts bn Civil Liberty., 
Licenriou fnefs, and FaCtion. Alfo a volume of Sermons, 
including one on the Female Character and Education ; 
preached before the guardians of the Afylum for defence! 
female orphans. His laft publication, in 1766, w;n a Let¬ 
ter to the Rev. Dr. Lou-th, concerning Warburton’s Pi. 
vine Legation. About this time he received an invitation 
Lout 
