452 B R U 
BRU'EI., a town of Germany, in tlie circle of Lower 
Saxony, and duchy of Mecklenburg : twelve miles north- 
eaft of Schwerin. 
BRU'EL, Brugl, or Bruchl, a town of Germany, 
in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and eledlorateol Gologn : 
fix miles fouth of Cologn. 
BRUE'RE, a town of France, in therdepartmep.t of the 
Cher, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt ot St. 
Amand, on the river Cher: fix leagues fouth ot Botirges, 
and one and a half north-weft of St. Amand. 
BRU'EYS (David Auguftin), a French writer of a lin¬ 
gular character, born at Aix in 1640, and trained in Cal- 
vanifm and controverfy. He wrote againft Boftiiet’s Ex- 
pofition de la Foi, or Expofition of the Faith ; but the 
prelate, inftead of anfwering, converted him. Brueys, 
become Catholic, combated with the Proteftant minifters, 
with Jurieu, Lenfant, and la Roche; but his airy fpirit 
not rightly accommodating itfelt to ferious works, he quit¬ 
ted theology for the theatres. He compofed jointly with 
Palaprat, his intimate friend, feveral comedies full of wit 
and gaiety. We have alfo of this writer a profaic para- 
phrafe of Horace’s Art of Poetry, which is properly no¬ 
thing but a continued commentary upon it. In his latter 
years, lie became again a controverlial writer in the reli¬ 
gious way ; and thus may be faid to have imitated Bellar- 
min and Moliere by turns. He died at Montpelierin 1723, 
aged eighty-three; and all his dramatic pieces were col- 
ledted in 1735, in 3 vols. nrao, 
BRUFFIER' (La), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Lower Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton, 
in the diftridt of Montaigu: three leagues weft of Mor- 
tagne, and one and three quarters eaft-north-eaft of Mon¬ 
taigu. 
BRU'GES, a town of France, in the department of the 
Lower Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton, in the dif¬ 
tridt of Pan : four leagues fouth of Pan, and four and a 
half fouth-eaft of Olecon. 
BRU'GES, a city of Flanders, which holds the fecond 
rank ; it is about a league and a half in circumference, 
and advantageoufly fitualed in a plain, having, by means 
of canals, a navigable communication with Ghent, Oftend, 
Dunkirk, Nieuport, Fumes, Damme, Sluys, &c. This 
city was, in the fourteenth century, a place of the greateft 
trade in Europe ; in it were confuls for the regulation of 
trade from all the different cities and countries; and na¬ 
tional warelioufes and magazines to depolit their goods, 
which were brought here as the great mart: the merchants 
of Venice lent hither the product of the eaft ; the traders 
of the north brought hither the production of the Baltic, 
and the Englifli lent their wool ; the dukes of Burgundy, 
their lords, encouraged trade, and under their aufpices 
they flouriftied ; but in the year 1489, the citizens had 
the audacity to arreft the archduke Maximilian, who had 
married Mary, the heirefs of the lioufe of Burgundy, to 
affront his domeftics, and maltreat his officers ; they even 
demanded affiftance from the king of France and the duke 
of Guelders; this tumult continued fourteen months, but, 
being fearful of much world conlequences, they implored 
the clemency of their prince, fifty-fix were condemned to 
death, a great number baniffied, and the city fined in a 
large fum. From that time, Bruges began to decline, 
and Antwerp, fo advantageoufly lituated on the banks of 
a conftderable river, became its rival, and foon its fuperior. 
Having a communication with the lea from Oftend, by 
means of a navigable canal, it is yet a place of conlidir- 
able trade, with manufactures of fluff, linen, &c. It was 
formerly in the dioceie of Tournay, but was in the year. 
1559 ereCted into a biftiopric, by Philip II. king of Spain, 
lubjedt to the archbilliop of Malines. In 1430, Philip 
the Good, duke of Burgundy, inftituted the.order of the 
Golden Fleece at Bruges. The ftreets, two hundred and 
(ixty in number, are in general fpacious, and the houfes 
large, but old ; there are feveu gates and iix grand mar¬ 
kets, but they have neither fountain nor river, the water 
which fupplies the city being brought from Ghent, from 
B R U 
the rivers Lis and Scheldt, by means of pipes. The prin¬ 
cipal buildings are the townhoufe, the halls, the mint, &c. 
Ai the end of the grand market, is a fine Iteeple, one of 
the molt beautiful of the kind in -Europe, five hundred 
and thirty-three fteps in height, and furnifhed with bells 
and chimes, which play a different tune every quarter of 
an hour. There are feveral fine churches at Bruges; tl>e 
cathedral is dedicated to St. Donat, but the church of 
Notre Dame is the 1110ft beautiful, whofe fteeple is a fea- 
ntark to Tailors coming to Oftend; in t lie treafury are pre- 
ferved the rich veftments of Tliomas-a-Becket adorned 
with precious (tones. Seventeen houfes or palaces yet re¬ 
main, the ancient habitations of fo many confuls of trade. 
The magiftracy of Bruges is compofed of two burgomaf- 
ters, twelve echevins, twelve counfellors, fix penfionaries, 
and two greffiers. 't his city was bombarded by the Dutch, 
on the 4th of July, 1704, but without fuccefs; it fubmit- 
ted to the allies in 1706, after the battle of Ramilies; in 
1708, it was invefted by the French, under the command 
of comte de la Motte, and furrendered the 5th of July. 
The allies re-entered it in virtue of a capitulation figned 
on the taking of Ghent, the 301)1 of December, 1709. 
The magiftrates opened the gates to the French revolu¬ 
tionary army, and figned a formal fubmiffion to the French 
republic, on the 24th of June, 1794. Twenty-one miles 
weft of Ghent, and twelve eaft of Oftend. Lat. 51. n. N. 
Ion. 20. 47. E. Ferro. 
BRU'GES (John de), a Flemiffi painter, brother and 
difciple of Hubert Eick, is faid fo be the firfl inventor of 
the art of painting in oil. This artift cultivated chemiftry 
at the fame time that he followed painting. One day, try¬ 
ing to make a varnilh of a particular quality, he found 
that 1 infeed-oi 1 or nut-oil, mixed with colours, compofed 
a folid and gloffy fubftance, that required no varnilh. He 
made ufe of this fecret, which went with him into Italy, 
and from thence all over Europe. The fir ft pidture painted 
in this method was prefented to Alphonfus 1 . king of Na¬ 
ples, who admired the new fecret. John de Bruges flou- 
rillied at the beginning of the 15th century. 
BRUGG, orBuuCK, a town of Switrerland, in the can¬ 
ton of Bern, on the river Aar. It formerly belonged to the 
counts of Habfburg, of the lioufe of Aultria : the inhabi¬ 
tants embraced the Proteftant religion in the year 1529 : 
twenty-one miles fouth of Bale. 
BRUG'GEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Lower Saxony, and bifhopric of Hildeffieim, on the eaft 
fide of the Leine : four leagues fouth-weft from Hilde¬ 
ffieim. On the 2d of March, 1793, a battle was fought 
near this town, between the Pmffians, under the command 
of prince Frederic of Brunfwick, and the French republi¬ 
cans, in which the latter were defeated, with the lofs of 
1300 killed, and 700 prifoners. 
BRUG'GEN, or Brock, a town of Germany, in the 
circle of Weftphalia, and duchy of Juliers,on the Schwalm: 
fix miles north-eaft of Ruremond. 
BRUG'HAN, a river of North Wales, which runs into 
the Severn, about two miles above Llanydlos, in the coun¬ 
ty of Montgomery. 
BRUG'HAT, a town of France, in the department of 
the Allier, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
Gannat : two leagues and a half eaft of Gannat. 
BRUGNET'TO, a town of Italy, in the ftate of Genoa, 
lituated at the foot of the Apennines; the fee of a biffiop, 
fuffragan of Genoa : thirty-five miles eaft-foutli-eaft of 
Genoa. 
BRUGUIE'RE, dit Dulac (La), a town of France, 
in the department of the Tarn, and chief place of a can¬ 
ton, in the diftridt of Caftres : one league and a half fouth 
of Caftres. 
BRUGUIE'RES, a town of France, in the department 
of the Upper Garonne, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftridt of Touloule : three leagues north of Touloufe. 
BRUH 1 ER' d’A BLANCO URT (Jean Jacques), of 
Beauvais, M. D. of the academy of Angers, died in 1756 ; 
was one of the molt fertile writers of the eighteenth cen¬ 
tury. 
