4?8 B U C 
vince of Moldavia : thirty-eight miles north-north-weft 
of Gnlatz. 
BUCEN'TAUR, f . A large veflel, a (lately galley in 
which the doge and fenate of Venice ufed to perforin the 
annual ceremony of efpoulino; the (ea. 
BUCE'PHALA, or Bucephalos, the city anciently 
built by Alexander, on the weft fide of the Hydafpis, a 
jiver of India, in memory of his horfe Bucephalus. 
RUCE'PH ALON, f. in botany. .See Trophis. 
BUCEPHALO'PHORUS,/ in botany. See Rumex. 
BUCE'PHALUS, [/3s?, an ox, and the head.] 
The name of the famous horfe of Alexander the Great. 
BCJ'CER (Martin), oneof the firft authors of the refor¬ 
mation at Strafburg, wasborn in 1491, in Alface, and took 
the religious habit of St. Dominic at feven years of age ; 
but meeting afterwards with the writings of Martin Lu¬ 
ther, and comparing them with the Scriptures, he began 
to entertain doubts concerning feveral things in the Ro- 
mifh religion. After feveral conferences with Luther at 
Heidelburg, in 1521, he adopted mod of his fentiments; 
but, in 1532, he gave the preference to thofe of Zuinglius. 
He aflided in many conferences concerning religion ; and, 
5n 1548, was fent for to Augfburg, to fign the agreement 
between the p3pids and protedants, called the interim. _ His 
■warm oppofition to this project expofed him to many dif¬ 
ficulties and hardfhips ; the news of which reaching Eng¬ 
land, Cranmer archbidtop of Canterbury gave him an in¬ 
vitation to come over, which he readily accepted. In 
1 549 > a handfome apartment was affigned him in the uni- 
verfity of Cambridge, and a falary to teach theology. 
Edward VI. had the greated regard for him: being told 
that he was very fenfibie of the cold of the climate, and 
fudered much for want of a German dove, he fent him 
one hundred crowns to purchafe one. He died of a com¬ 
plication of diforders, in 1551, and was buried at Cam¬ 
bridge with great funeral pomp. Five years after, in the 
reign of queen Mary, his body vas dug up, and publicly 
burnt, and his tomb demolilhed; but it was afterwards 
fiet up again by order of queen Elizabeth. He compofed 
many works, among which are Commentaries on the 
Evangelids and Gofpels. 
BU'CERAS.y. S^e Bucida and Trigonebla. 
BU'CERISM, f . The tenets of Martin Bucer. 
BU'CEROS, the Hornbill, f . in ornithology, a ge¬ 
nus belonging to the order picae, the generic characters 
of which are—Bill convex, knife-draped, large, and fer- 
.sated outwardly, with a thin brittle protuberance on the 
upper mandible near the bafe ; nodrils behind the bale 
of the bill; tongue (liort, (harp pointed; feet gredory. 
All the fpecies unite in large flocks ; their principal food 
is infeCts, lizards, and frogs; they hunt down fuch fmall 
quadrupeds as are unable to defend themfelves, which 
3bey kill and devour whole ; and they will eat remnants 
®f carcafes or carrion. When tamed or doinedicated, 
they may be brought to live upon fruit, pulfe, and bread, 
as Buffon ramarked of the bird he faw ; but their natural 
food certainly is flefli. In India however it is now afcer- 
iained that they feed upon the nux vomica. One of thefe 
birds, purchafed by captain John Campbell, was opened 
by Ills orders, before feveral refpeftable gentlemen, at 
*he Midnapore, and in its craw were found feveral feeds of 
nux vomica. Thefe birds at particular feafons grow very 
.fat, and this feafon appears to be when the fruit of the 
nux vomica prevails, about the montli of December. The 
natives of Hindooflan make ufe of the fat, and alfo of 
the flefh and bones, as a medicine.—The fpecies are 
twenty-five in number, viz. 
1 . Buceros bicornis, the Philippine hornbill: front 
bony, fiat, two-horned at the fore-part. Inhabits the 
Philippine ides; fize of a common hen; black, beneath 
white; quill-feathers with a white fpot; tail longifli, 
black; tail-feathers ten, t he four outer each fide white; 
the legs greenifh. This bird is worlhipped by the In¬ 
dians, and has a voice refembling the grunting of a lvvine 
B U C 
or the bellowing of a calf; feeds on fruit, which it fwaL 
lows whole, and after digefling the pulp, cads up the 
{tones whole. 
2. Buceros Abyflinicus, the Abyfltnian hornbill. Black; 
protuberance femicitcular on the fore-part; orbits, chin, 
and part of the throat, naked, violet-brown ; greater quill- 
feathers white. Inhabits Abyflinia ; three feet two inches 
long ; bill nine inches; feeds chiefly on beetles, and builds 
in large bn(hy trees. 
3. Buceros Africanus, the great African hornbill. A 
very large fpecies, its head alone and its bill making to¬ 
gether eighteen inches ; its bill is partly yellow and partly 
red ; the two mandibles are edged with black : at the up¬ 
per part of the bill, there is an excrefcence of an horny 
fubdance, which is of the fame colour, and of a large 
fize; the fore part of this excrefcence is almoft draight,, 
and does not bend upwards; the hind part is rounded, 
and covers the top of the head ; the nodrils are placed 
below this excrefcence, and near the origin of the bill. 
The head of this is (hown on Plate I. 
4. Buceros rhinoceros, the rhinoceros hornbill; didin- 
guidied above every other of this extraordinary family by 
the enormity of its bill. The upper mandible is red to¬ 
wards the bafe, and a whitilh yellow from thence to the 
tip ; the lower one entirely of a whitidi yellow except at 
the bafe, where it is black, and hid in the feathers; on 
the top of the upper mandible is an appendage, as large 
as the bill itfelf, and turning upwards, contrary to the 
direction of the bill, both mandibles of which bend down¬ 
wards ; this curved horn is variegated with whitifh-yel- 
low, red, and black, and as it were divided longitudinally 
by a line of black on each fide. The eyes are of a brown- 
i(h red, full of animation; the nodrils are placed at the 
bafe of the bill; the feathers on the head, neck, bread*, 
and back, are black, with reflections of violet and green; 
the lower belly, the rump, and the feathers down to the 
heels, white; the tail white, except a black bar about 
three inches wide, and about the fame didance from the 
tip. This bird, when full-grown, meafures four feet from 
the point of the bill to the tip of the tail; alar extent* 
four feet fix inches; the bill is in length ten inches and 
a half; in depth, including the horn, fix inches and a 
half. This fingular bird is found in Java, Sumatra, the 
Philippine illands, and other parts of the Ead Indies. 
They are (aid to feed on flefh and carrion ; and that they 
follow the hunters for the purpofe of feeding on the en¬ 
trails of the beads which they kill; that they chace rats 
and mice, and, after preffing them flat, tofs them up and 
caich them in their defcent, (wallowing them whole. The 
natives of Sumatra call them engang , and ufe them for 
food, boiled down with rice. See Plate II. fig. x. 
5. Buceros galeatus, the helmeted hornbill. This is 
alio one of the larged and mod lingular of the genus; 
the bill is eight inches long from the corners to the point; 
it is almod draight, and not indented : from the middle 
of the upper mandible there rifes, and extends as far as the 
occiput, a bony front, (haped like a helmet, two inches 
high, almod round, but a little comprelfed on the (ides ; 
this protuberance, where it joins the bill, has an altitude 
of four inches and a circumference of eight. The pre¬ 
vailing colour of the bird is black. See Plate II. fig. 2. 
6. Buceros Malabaricus, or the pied hornbill. This 
fpecies is two feet ten inches from the point of the bill to 
the extremity of the tail. Its bill is eight inches long 
and two broad, and bent from the draight politico; a 
falfe bill fits like a horn dole to the fird, and follows its 
curvature, and is extended from the bale to within two 
inches of the point. This horn has the (hape of a true 
bill, truncated and doled at the extremity; but the junc¬ 
tion is marked by a very perceptible furrow, drawn near 
the middle, and following all the curvature of this falfe 
bill, which does not adhere to the fkull; but its poderior 
portion, which rifes on the head, is dill more extraordi¬ 
nary 3 it is naked and flefhv, and covered with quick fkin, 
through 
