B U C E R O S. 
through which this parafite member receives the nutri¬ 
tious juices. The true bill terminates in a blunt point; 
it is Itrong, and confifts of a horny, and aim oft bony, l'ub- 
flance, extended in laminae, with vifible layers and undu¬ 
lations; the falfe bill is much thinner, and may be bent 
by the fingers; it is of a light fubftance, difpofed inter¬ 
nally in little cells The falfe bill is black, from the 
point to three inches behind, and there is a line of the 
fame black at its origin, and alfo at the root of the true 
bill above on both (ides, and is inferred near the corners 
of the bill in the black fkin that encircles the eyes; the 
eye is red brown, and fparkles when the bird is in motion ; 
the head, which appears fmall in proportion to the enor¬ 
mous bill it bears, refembles in fhape that of the jay. See 
Plate II. fig. 3. 
7. Buceros Panayenfis, the Panay hornbill: greenifh- 
black, beneath reddifh-brown ; protuberance fharp above, 
flat on the Tides. Inhabits Panay ; fize of a raven. 
8. Buceros Manillenfis, the Manilla hornbill : above 
blackilh-brown, beneath dirty-white; bill not ferrate; 
protuberance fmall. Inhabits Manilla ; twenty inches 
long. Bill lefs curved; tip lefs acute; head and neck 
white waved with brown; temples with a black fpot; 
tail with a tawny band acrofs the middle. 
9. Buceros nafutus, the tock, or black-billed hornbill; 
front fmooth ; tail feathers white at the bafe and tip. 
Inhabits near the river Senegal; fize of a wood-pecker. 
10. Buceros femilunaris, the hornbill with a femilunar 
helmet. This is a large fpecies known in the Moluccas, 
and diftinguifhed by its helmet, which extends over at 
lead: two-thirds of the upper mandible : it rifes in a 
rounded form near the forehead, comes forwards tapering 
towards the point of the bill, and then turns upwards; 
jfo that it exhibits a half-moon laid lengthwife upon the 
beak, which is near a foot long, and very ftrong; the 
mandibles are much curved like a fcythe, and are thick 
and broad n proportion to the fize of the helmet, which 
is larger than that of the rhinoceros hornbill, though in 
other refpedts they are nearly of the fame fize and pro- 
ortion, only the prefent fpecies has rather a longer tail, 
lack is the prevailing colour in this and in all the large 
fpecies; bur, according to the different lights it is viewed 
in, it takes a fiiade of brown or blue. 
11. Buceros albicornis, the white-beaked hornbill. 
This Vaillant regards as tin entirely-new fpecies. It was- 
killed at Chandernagore, whence he received it. It was- 
only twenty inches long, from the top of the head to the 
tip of the tail, and the tail alone occupied half this length. 
The bill is three inches and three lines long; and the 
mandibles taken together when clofed are eighteen lines 
thick i they are nearly equal, irregularly ferrated on their 
edges, and blunted at the tips. The helmet fpreads over 
about two-thirds of the bill, and reaches over the fore¬ 
head, to which it adheres; it is rounded off and thin in 
the front, but fwells and wrinkles above and at the Tides, 
rifing higheft in the middle, and terminating backwards 
in a large blunt point, black underneath and at the edge; 
there is a large black fpot alfo on the front of the helmet, 
which fpreads upon the upper mandible ; and the bafe of 
which is marked with an irregular black bar two lines 
thick; the bafe of the lower mandible has a much broader 
band, which comes forwards to a point under the bill. 
The cutting edges of the mandible are black towards 
their origin; the fame colour pervades the inlide of the 
mouth and of the mandibles. Except the black fpots we 
have mentioned, both bill and helmet are as white as 
ivory. The feathers on the occiput are long and narrow, 
with diltinft or dilunited ftems, forming a tuft which 
hangs dow n behind ; this is black, as indeed is the greater 
part of the plumage; and very glofiy on the wings and 
tail, taking a greenifh fhade in certain pofitions. 
12 . Buceros violaceus, the violet hornbill. This is in 
fize intermediate between the pied hornbill and the white- 
beaked, It bears fome refemblance to each, but molt to 
r * 
479 
the former, on account of its helmet being fimilarly flat" 
ted at the fides ; but it differs in the bright colours of the 
bill, and the rich fhades of green, purple, and violet, 
which appear on the plumage when viewed in certain 
lights, for in the fhad-e all thefe fine tints difappear, and 
only a greenifh black is vifible on all thofe parts, viz. the 
head, the neck behind and before, the mantle, fcapula- 
ries, back, rump, wings and wing-coverts, the four mid¬ 
dle feathers of the tail, and its upper coverts ; the three 
outer tail feathers on each fide of the tail, and the ends of 
the primary wing quills, are an elegant white. The 
eyes are large, lively, and of a brown colour; the fpace 
round them is bare of feathers, and black. The nails are 
black ; the feet and legs covered with large brown fcales. 
This fpecies inhabits Ceyion and all the Coromandel 
coaft; when tamed, it fhows much attachment for its 
feeder; it will eat meat either raw dr drefled, and boiled 
pulfe or roots; mice and rats it will feize very nimbly, 
and fwallow them whole, having firfi: bruifed them with 
its bill. 
13. Buceros crifpatus, the feftoon-helmeted hornbill. 
The bill of this bird is five inches long and two thick ; 
total length of the body, including neck and tail, about 
thirty inches. The mandibles are nearly equal in length, 
arched, but not ferrated on the edges; they are yellowifh- 
white, but light-brown at the bafe. The helmet rifes 
five or fix lines only above the bill, forming a lengthened 
protuberance with rounded facets, and reaching about one 
third the length of the bill, fattened behind to the fore¬ 
head, and cut tranfverfely into feveral feftoons or rounded 
pieces, the prominent parts white, the hollows brown. 
The eyes are furrounded with a naked wrinkled lkin, 
which runs round the mandibles, and entirely covers the 
throat; this was painted blue in the preferved birds ex¬ 
amined by Vaillant, but he does not precifely know if 
that be the natural colour or not. The feathers on the 
hind part of the head are long, appearing like a recum¬ 
bent tuft, but which is probably raifed at certain times. 
The legs are thick, fhort, and covered with broad fcales 
of the colour of lead ; the toes are very ftrong, armed 
with large black claws, which are blunt, and flatted on 
the fides. There are long arched eyelafhes from the up¬ 
per eyelid. The wings do not ftretch beyond the upper 
tail-coverts. The general colour of the plumage is black 
with a flrongblue glofs ; between the fhoulders is a fquare 
patch of red, like a faddle this is wanting in the female. 
—-In the cabinet of M. J. Temminck at Amilerdam; 
fent from Batavia ; its habits not known. 
14. Buceros corvus, the raven hornbill. Specific cha~ 
rafter, helmet very fmall. This fpecies partakes of the 
nature of the two genera whofe name it bears: Vaillant 
therefore confiders it as forming a new genus, which 
fliould be placed between the two. It refembles the ra¬ 
vens in the fliape of the bill, and in that of the feet, the 
toes of which, initead of being partly united, are fepara— 
ted entirely ; but has a fmall helmet upon the bill about 
two lines high, between the forehead and noflrils. The 
noftrils are long, and placed about the middle of the bill. 
The head is covered with a callous fiefh, naked and wrin¬ 
kled, leaving the auditory holes entirely bare. The tail 
is truncate, but long ; and the wings reacii but juft over 
the upper coverts of it. The bill is long and arched, and, 
together with the helmet, of a black colour. 
15. Buceros Javanenlis, the Javan hornbill. Neck and 
tail black. This is fomewhat larger than .he raven, and 
is longer on account of the dimenfions of the neck and 
tail 5 meafured in aright line from the forehead to the 
tip of the tail, it gives an extent of thirty inches. The 
bill is fomewhat convex on the upper rim, and fhaped 
juft like that of the raven, only on a larger Icale; black 
at the bafe, and rufous towards the point; four inches 
and a half long, twenty lines high, and the fame in 
breadth; the mandibles are neither furrowed nor fer¬ 
rated. A naked lkin comes round the lower part of the 
syes a 
