BUG 
the grotto looks, leads to that part of the garden called 
the Elyfian Fields, which are beautiful waves of clofe-fhaven 
grafs, breaking among woods, and (cattered with Angle 
trees ; bounded on one fide by thick groves, and (helving 
on the other down to the water, which Winds in a very 
happy manner, commanding from feveral fpots various 
landfcapes of the diftant parts of the garden. From the 
temple of Ancient Virtue, we look down on a beautiful 
winding hollow lawn, feattered with Angle trees, between 
the trunks of which the water breaks to the eye in a (hie 
admirably pidturefque. Near to this temple, in a thicket, 
is the well-known fatire, the temple of Modern Virtue in 
ruins. The ground continues extremely various and beau- 
"tiful, till we approach the princefs Amelia’s arch, from 
which a f'cene at once breaks upon the eye truly enchant¬ 
ing, being more like a rich pifturefque compofition, than 
the effect of an artful management of ground and build¬ 
ings. The lawn from the arch falls in various waves to 
the water, at the bottom of the vale ; it is feattered with 
trees, whofe fpreading tops unite, and leave the eye an ir¬ 
regular command among their (terns of a double wave of 
the lake. The fmooth green of the lawn, obfeured in 
fome places by the (hade of the trees, in others illuminated 
by the fun; forms an object as beautiful as can be imagined ; 
nor can any thing be more pifturefque than the water ap¬ 
pearing through the fore-ground of the feene thus cano¬ 
pied with trees. A break in the grove prefents a com¬ 
plete picture above tliefe beautiful varieties of wood and 
water : the Palladian bridge is backed by a riling ground 
Scattered with w ood, and at the top of that acaftle. The 
objects of the whole feene, though various and diftant, 
are mo(t happily united to form a complete view, equally 
magnificent and fplendid. Upon the whole, thefe gardens 
have much to intereft the fpeftator : the new parts have a 
very happy variety of ground ; much of the wood is full- 
grown and fine yiconfequently the (hade, w here requilite, 
is daik and licit in a lovely degree. 
BUCKINGHAM (Villiers, duke of). See Vilmers. 
BUCK'INCH AM (Sheffield, duke of). SeeSHEF field. 
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, one of the inland counties 
of’England, contiguous to Northamptonfhire on the north, 
Q-xfordfhire bn the wefi, Berkfhire and a point of Surrey 
on the Couth, and the counties of Middlefex, Hertford, 
and Bedford, on the eaft. Its principal natural boundary 
is the Thames,, which borders its whole fouthern fide. 
The Coin alfo feparates it from Middlefex ; and other 
dreams takawp the boundary indifferent parts. Its figure 
iends to acrelcent, but its outline«is rendered very irregu¬ 
lar by projections and indentations. From the fouth-eaftern 
to the north-weftern extremity it meafu.res upwards of fif¬ 
ty miles, while its great eft breadth is little more than lix- 
t-een ; in circumference it meaCures about 140 miles, and 
contains £1.8,400 acres. The fouthern part of Bucking- 
bamfhire, beyond the banks.of the Thames, is principally 
taken up with the Chiltern-hills and their appendages, 
eompofed of chalk, and in various parts covered .with 
woods. Some of its eminences are of confiderable height, 
and afford fine prof peels. Beyond thefe, the rich Vale of 
Aylefbury, one of the mod fertile (rafts in the kingdom, 
occupies the middle of tiie county; and a varied country, 
riling into gentle fand-hills on the Bedfordfhire border, 
extends over the northern part. The river Oufe, entering 
BuckinghamQiire on the weftern (ide, and then turning 
northwards, erodes over near the northern extremity, 
marking its courie by a tract of rich meadows. The TtCme, 
rifing in HertfordJhire, croffes from eaft to weft through 
Aylefbury vale, in its way to Oxfordfhire. During the 
time prior to the landing of the Romans, this country was 
included in the divilion of Catieuchlani ; and after their 
oonqueftit was included in their province of Flavia Casfa- 
rienfis. During .the heptarchy it belonged to the kingdom 
of Mercia, which commenced in 582, and terminated in< 
S27, having had eighteen kings; and it is now included 
m the Norfolk circuit, the diocefe of Lincoln, and the 
province of Canterbury.. It has fifteen, market-tow ns, viz. 
BUG 487 
Buckingham and Aylefbury, the principal; Marlow, New¬ 
port Pagnel, Window, Wendover, Beaconsfield, Wiccom, 
Chelham; Amerfham, Stony Stratford, Colnbrook, Iving- 
ho, Oulney, Rifborough ; befides the confiderable villages 
ot Eton and Fenny Stratford. It is divided into eight 
hundreds; and its rivers are the Thames; Oufe, Coin, 
Wicham, Amerfham, Ifa, Tame, and Loddon. With 
refpeft to the prod Lifts of this county, barley is chiefly 
cultivated in the Chiltern ; and great part of the vale is 
devoted to the grazing of cattle and feeding of (heep, 
which is a fource of much opulence to the landholder:. 
Fine wheat is grown in the uplands. The wood of the. 
hills, chiefly beech, is a confiderable article of profit both 
as fuel and timber. The manufacture of bone-lace is car¬ 
ried on to greater extent and perfection in this county than 
in any other ; particularly in the town and neighbourhood 
of Newport Pagnel, which is a fort of mart for that arti¬ 
cle, and flourifhes confiderably by its means. Aylefbury 
is the moft populous town, and the centre of the bufmefs 
of the rich vale ; and Eton, oppofite to Windfor in Berks, 
is diftinguifhed by its college or public fchool, founded by 
Henry VI. the beft inftitution of the kind in the kingdom. 
BUC'KLE,_/i [bweel, Welfh, and the fame in the Ar- 
moric ; boucle , Ft.] A link of metal, with a tongue or 
catch, madeyj faften one thing to another.—The chlamys 
was a fort of fhort cloak tied with a buckle , commonly to 
the right (boulder. Arbuthnot. —The (late of the hair crifp- 
ed and curled, by being kept long in the fame date : 
That live-long wig, which Gorgon's felf might own. 
Eternal buckle takes in Parian (tone. Pope. 
The buckle was fo much effeemed in former times, that 
few perfons of repute and honour wore their girdle with¬ 
out it; -and it was intended to indicate, in coats of arms, 
the furety, the faith, and f'ervice, of the bearer. Hence 
the form and fafhion of buckles lias from time to time va¬ 
ried perhaps more than moft other articles of ornament or 
drefs. A great improvement in the rnanufafture of buc¬ 
kles has been lately made by Mr. William Bell of Wal- 
lall in Staffordfhire, for which a patent was granted in 
May 1794. The novelty, or effenttai part, of this inven¬ 
tion,, confifts in.a bar, roller, or loop,, betwixt which and 
the rim.of the buckle the flrap is drawn, and inftantly fe- 
cured by means of little fpikes attached to the roller, loop, 
or rim. There is alfo a late invention for making elaftic 
or fpring buckles, for which a patent was granted to the 
inventor, Mr. Thomas Chefton, of Birmingham, in July 
1786. The procefs confifts in prefling, (lamping, or ham¬ 
mering, the metal, cither gold, fillver, copper,.iron, fteei, 
&c. out of which the buckle is intended to be made, un¬ 
til it acquires an elaftic property, which it will always do, 
unlefs it has been previoufly foftened by fire ; which in 
this operation is therefore to be avoided. When the buc¬ 
kles are finally fhaped, and the tongue or chape annexed 
to them, they are put into an oven er ftove heated by fire, 
until they become nearly red-hot. They are then plung¬ 
ed into oil, turpentine, butter, or greafe, with the addi¬ 
tion of a little fait, in order to-temper them; which is done 
by blazing the oil, turpentine, butter, &c. until the buc¬ 
kles acquire that due degree of elafticity the maimfafturer 
willies to give them. 
To BUCKLE, v. a. To faften with a buckle : 
Like faphire, pearl, in rich embroidery,- 
Buckled below fair knighthood’s bending knee. Shakefp „ 
To prepare to do any thing : the metaphor is taken front 
buckling on the armour: 
The Saracen, this hearing, rofe amain, 
And catching up in hafte his three-fquare fhield, 
And lhining helmet, loon him buckled, to the field. Spcnjcr „ 
To join in battle.—The lord Gray, captain of the men al¬ 
arms, was forbidden to charge, until the foot of the avant- 
guard were buckled with them in front. Hayward. —To 
confine. 
Hnvr 
