• B U 
of a pope’s bull, tied with yellow and red cords of filk : 
upon one fide is the emperor reprefented fitting on lits 
throne, and on the other the capito'l of Rome. It is alfo 
called Caroline , on Charles TV’s account. Till the pub¬ 
lication of the olden bull, the form and'ceremony of the 
election of an emperor were dubious and undetermined, 
and the number of' the electors not fixed. ' This folenm 
edict regulated the functions, rights, privileges, and pre¬ 
eminences, of (lie electors. The .original, which is in La¬ 
tin, on velilnm, is preferved at Francfort. This ordon- 
nance, containing thirty articles or chapters, was approv¬ 
ed of'by all the princes of the empire, and remains ftill 
in force. 
BULL, a fntal'l ifiand in the Atlantic, near the fouth- 
"weft coaft of Ireland, three miles weft from Durfey ifiand. 
Lati 5.1. 33. N. Ion. 10. 9. W. Greenwich. * 
BULL, a rock near the weft coaft of the ifiand of Rath- 
lin,-in the North Channel, (even miles north-eaft from 
Bengore-head, on the north coaft of Ireland. Lat.55. 
19. N. Ion. 6. 12. W. Greenwich. 
BULL (John), a celebrated muficlan, born inSomer- 
fietfit-ire about 1563,’and educated under Blitheman, orga- 
nilt of queen Elizabeth’s chapel. In 1586 he was admit¬ 
ted bachelor of mufic at Oxford, having been a p radii tinner 
fourteen year . In 1591, he was appointed organift of the 
queen’s chapel ; and the year after was- created "doddor in 
the univerlity of.,Cambridge. He was greatly admired for 
his fine execution upon the organ, as well as for his cont- 
pofitions. Upon the efiabiifhment of Grefhatn-college, 
he was chofien the firft profelfor of mufic there; and, not 
being able to fpeak Latiq, was .permitted to deliver his 
leClur.es in Englilh ; this was through the favour of queen 
Elizabeth, who had herfelf recommended him. In 1601 
lie went abroad for the recovery of his health, and travel¬ 
led into France and Germany, where he diftingtiilhed him- 
ielf in lrs art, to the aftonilhment of foreigners. Ward 
relates, that, upon the deteafe of Elizabeth, he became 
chief organift to king James: he was certainly in the fer- 
vi'ce of prince Henry, his name (landing firft in the lift of 
that prince’s mufician's in 1611, with a falary of 40I. per 
ann. In 1613 he quitted England, perhaps becaufe his 
art grew cat of fafhion ; and went to refide in the Nether¬ 
lands, where lie w as admitted into the fervice of the arch¬ 
duke. Wood (ays, lie died at Hamburg ; others, at Lu- 
bec. There is a picture qf him yet remaining in the inu- 
fic-fchooi at Oxford. Ward- has given a long i.ft-of his 
compofit-uns in tnauufcript ; but the only works in print 
are his leftons in the colle.dlion intitledt Partheni.t, or the 
Maidenhead of the firft Mufic that ever was printed for 
the Virginals. He appears, from fome leftons in tins work, 
to have poftefied a power of execution on the harpfichord, 
far beyqnd what is 'generally conceived of the mailers- of 
that early.time. 
BULL (George), hilltop of St. David’s, was horn at 
Wells, in 1634, and educated at E'xeter-college in Oxford. 
The firft. beneficei he enjoyed was that of St. George’s, 
near Briftol, whence' he rofe fuccefiively to he rector of 
Suddington in •Gkmcefterfttire, prebendary of Gloucefter, 
archdeacon, or Ll'mdiiff, and,-in 1705, bifhop of St. David’s. 
This dignity lie enjoyed about four years, and died in 1709. 
During the .usurpation of Cromwell, he adhered fteadily, 
though ftill with great prudence, tp the forms of the 
church of England; and, in theweign of James II. preach¬ 
ed vert’ ftrenu ufiy arainft the errors of popery. He wrote, 
1. A Defence of the Nicene Faith. 2 Apoftolical Har¬ 
mony. 3. Primitive Apoftolical Tradition : and other 
works. 
BULL, JOHN, or JOHN BULL, an allegorical vul¬ 
gar phr.afe, intended to perlonify 'lie commonalty or hulk 
of the people of Great Britain in their political .capacity ; 
and w hereby-the- w hints and caprices of the times are fre¬ 
quently depicled by political writers; and forhetimes even 
that of the executive government. A‘11 en’ertainihg and 
humorous example of this fpecies of . allegory occurs in 
the Rev, Mr. Keith’s View of the prelent State of Great 
L L. / 499 
Britain, publifhed in 1798; front which we extrail the 
following paftage, a's a cafe iq point :. * . 
“ Jojm'BuU inherited from his anceftors feven fertile 
and valuable farms, and a large Iheep-walk, which one of 
his'forefathers did not come by very honeftly: but this 
affair happened fo long ago, that no,degree of had cha¬ 
racter attached itfelf to John on that account'. By a for¬ 
tunate marriage he alfo acquired a very large farm to the 
_ northward, about half the ftze of all his other farms, but 
not fo fertile. It was however very valuable to John, be¬ 
caufe there had always been difputes about their marches, 1 
between John’s anceftors and rhofe of Ids wife; and thefe 
difputes were generally decided by club-law.. Hence there 
were many bloody heads and broken limbs on both (ides, 
and the contending parties neglected their farms when 
they were engaged in thefe. quarrels. The marriage there¬ 
fore was equally favourable to both parties.. But pre¬ 
vious to his marriage he was engaged in 'feveral adven¬ 
tures, and after rt his life was full of buftle and enterprife. 
It would take feveral volumes to-give a full hi ft,pry of his 
life and opinions, but the following (ketches will give 
fome idea of his real character. 
“ But though John is one of the wortliieft and heft men 
in tire world, a regard to truth obliges me to point Out 
his foibles. I (ay his-foibles ; for I don’t accui'e him of 
any intentional error or crime. ButT nitift honeftly (fate 
the inftances in which he has been mifipformed -01 ill-ad-, 
vife-d. Upon any fa Me alarm, Iris watermen are taken by 
the neck, and put on-board .of John’s large boats. For, 
with all his g'ood qualities, he is rather credulous : and, 
though he has more boats .and far better watermen than 
any of Jus neighbours, he is too ealily made to believe 
that fome o,f them are going to attack hint, and carry off 
his cattle, or even take poftelliqit of his lands. Indeed 
fome of them are a little hair-brained and troublefome at 
prefent. His centinels or landmen are hired for life, inv 
dead of watching'only a limited, time in their turn ; and 
none but privileged perfons are allowed to deftroy the 
moles which appear in bis fields. On hs old paternal 
eftates his fbepherds,. inftead of being paid a fixed allows 
ance for taking care of his ftocks, are allow ed to carry 
away a tenth part of all his corn. As they dp..not plough 
themfelves, John did right to give them as much corn as 
would maintain their families. But he fhoiild have given 
them a certain quantity, and then his farmers Would not 
have complained, nor his lands have been negletted to be 
broken up. John knows this is a’ bad practice ; but, as it 
is an old-one, he does not choofe to aholilli it. .Another 
great error of Johq is, that his labourers are encouraged 
to be indolent, by receiving a certain allowance when they 
will not work This is falfe humanity; and all thefe 
things are hurtful to his old and beft-cuhivated lands-. 
On his wi.-fq’s.eftate, by an equally bad old cuftom, if a 
man once get a farm, his children are Continued in it, 
though they fhould neither cultivate the foil nor pay their 
debts; and the bye-law,s are not To good on this eftate, 
nor. executed in the fame way, as in hts older and better 
improved farms. Tlieie things certainly prevent us im-' 
provement: but, were.it not for then], it would fbon be 
highly cultivated. John is.really a friend to liberty : vet, 
out of regard to fome old rules of his forefathers, he fo one- 
times compels his labourers to work at any price he pleafes. 
Alfo, no farmer .is allowed to carry any corn off John’s 
eftate, without getting a prefent from John to take - it a- 
wa.y, when it is very cheap : and, when it became- too dean, 
John lately gave,3 much larger donation to bring it back 
again. In the fade .of his corn, likevVi(e, John is a little, 
whimfical. The full of his /tat is the ftandard of hts corn . 
meafures ; and, unluckily, though John has but- one head, 
lie has four hats, all differing fofiiewhat in their ftze ; and.-, 
as John’s farmers alfo ufe their hats for their corn mea- 
lures, the-weavers are often hurt by thefe practices. In¬ 
deed it is a thing well known, that John’s bye-laws at firft 
Were (itiiple and wife: .but they are now both more nu¬ 
merous and more obfeure. All thefe things hurt the in- 
