B U L 
terefts of his people. Nay, what is more remarkable, 
fhfeir riches have hurt.their health and their virtue. Some 
of his fanners have become (o effeminate, that they will 
not work in all weathers. His weavers drink pretty freely ; 
and one of them actually fwallovved a'bank-note, to fhew 
that he defpifed mon£y. Hence they become bankrupts; 
and fometimes help themfelves out of John’s granaries, or 
ftore-houfes. John employs a phyfician, a furgSon, and 
an apothecary, and he has built an infirmary; but he has 
been unfortunate and ill-advifed in this affair. The health 
of his people has not generally mended ; but many of 
them have contracted the jail difeafe in the clofe rooms 
of his infirmary : his phyfician is too partial to botany, 
and his'furgeon deals too much in performing operations. 
“ Farther, though, as before remarked, John is really 
a friend to liberty, yet lome difcontented perfons infift, 
that he has of late been favourable to corruption; and 
has even fometimes been a little arbitrary. ‘ His people,’ 
it is faid, ‘ arevnot regularly, or fo often as formerly, con¬ 
vened to tell him what they want. They dare not fpeak 
their minds, as they might formerly do, to his overfeer ; 
nor meet aj before to talk of their affairs. They are not 
allowed to do as they pleafe with their property, though 
they pay their rent.’ And it is even alled'gecf, ‘ that John' 
has once or twice broken his word.’ Thefe charges are 
exaggerated, and feveral others added, by an old ftay- 
maker, who ran off from John’s farm, without paying his 
debts. But it muff be acknowledged, that while any of 
the above abides prevail, there .will be no economy in 
John’s affairs; and that with all his extenfive and well- 
cultivated farms, and with all the exertions of his manu¬ 
facturers, and his watermen, John has got himfelf deeply 
in debt. He was at fir ft put to a good deal of expence in 
getting,r'id of a-wrong-headed overfeer, who, becaufe he 
fucceeded John’s tutor, and was called the jleward, fancied 
he was the proprietor of all John’s effates. In order to 
punifli that quarrdfome old fellow, who, as already men¬ 
tioned, endeavoured to compel him to take back his over¬ 
feer, John entered into an agreement with fome neigh¬ 
bouring gentlemen, which coft him a great deal of money, 
but gamed him fome reputation. But this reputation did 
him no real fervice; for his old paffion for tilts and tour¬ 
naments was not extinguifhed, but revived in another 
form. Though his own marches and boundaries were 
perfectly'clear, yet thofe of his new friends, and other 
neighbours were difputable; and John became a felf-crea- 
ted juftice of the peace; and often engaged with all his 
watermen, and many of his landmen, or centihels, in fett¬ 
ling the marches of his neighbours. He gave great funis 
of money to thofe who would accept of his arbitration. 
Inftead of receiving, he actually gave, what is very un- 
ufual, high fees merely to be employed as an advocate, 
where he was no judge at all. Had he (laid at home, and 
improved his fields, and attended to his_manufa£tures, he 
would have acquired great riches; but by this imprudent 
conduct he got himfelf deeply in debt. And here one 
circumftance deferves to be particularly mentioned, as add¬ 
ing to his difficulties: his men of bufinefs, in order to get 
money of John, and fometimes to get a little to them¬ 
felves, when they get only 6ol. write down iool. and 
and when they got iool. fometimes wrote down 180I. and 
even fometimes 200I. in John’s books. This made it ex¬ 
tremely difficult for John to pay his debts; and, w-hen he 
happened to pay off any of his bonds, his agents told him, 
that the more money he paid to redeem one of them, it 
was fo iriuch the better, and a proof that he was getting 
rich. By all thefe methods he is fo much involved in 
debt, that he is obliged to fqueeze both his fanners and 
.his weavers, and to do many odd things to get money : 
and after all fome think he can never retrieve his affairs.” 
BULL and BOAR. By the cuffom of fome places, a 
parfon may be obliged to keep a bull and a boar for the 
t ufe of the parifftioners, in confideration of his having tithes 
of calves and pigs, &c. 1 IioL Air. 559. 4 Mod. 241. 
B U L 
BULL and COW, rocks near the fouth coafl of New¬ 
foundland. Lat. 46. 55. N. Ion. 53. 42. W. Greenwich. 
BULL-BAITING, f. The fa v a go fport of baiting bulls 
with dogs. On this Clifford Mr. Woodward, in his Lite¬ 
rary and Pictorial Sketches, pub 1 ifhfed. in 17—, has, the 
following remark : “ It is aftonifhing that the barbarous 
and unmanly practices of bull-baiting , and throwing at 
cocks, fliould pafs with impunity in a civilized country. 
The bull-fights of Spain, and the various encounters be¬ 
tween favage animals in the amphitheatres of the Romans, 
though cruel and ferocious, delerve not the degradation 
of being compared with bull-baiting and cock-throwing; 
and I may add, cock-fighting. The animals ufed in the 
ancient fports, were neither (hackled noj previoufly tor¬ 
tured ; ahd it was men, and not dogs, who oppofed their 
lives againft the moft dangerous and deftruCtive beads of 
the foreff. If they won the prize, they bore it away with 
honour, amid the acclamations of the furrounding IpeCta- 
tors; if not, they perilhed valiantly in the attempt. How 
fpirited and manly does this appear, to t'he poor, mean, de¬ 
grading, practice of fattening bulls or cocks to a flake, with 
a certainty.of their deftruCtion, heightened by all the ag¬ 
gravations of a lengthened torture!” Bull-baiting, as an 
amufement, is faid to have been firfl introduced into Eng¬ 
land ii^ the reign of king John, abuut the year 1209. 
BULL^BEEF, / Coarle beef; the flelh of bulls.—- 
They wan’ their porridge and their fat bull-breves. Shakef. 
BULL-BEGGAR, - J . [This word probably came from 
the infolence of thofe vvho begged or railed money by the 
pope’s bull.] Something terrible ; fomething to fright 
children with —Thefe fulminations from the Vatican were 
turned into ridicule; and, as they.were called bull beggars, 
they were tiled as words of (corn and, contempt. Aylijfe. 
BULL-CALF, f. A he-calf; ufed for a ftupid fellow: 
a term of reproach.—And, FalftafF, you carried your guts 
away as nimbly, and roared for mercy, and (till ran and 
roared, as'ever I heard a bull-calf. Sha/tefpeare. 
BULL-DOG,/. A dog ufed in baiting the bull ; and 
this fpecies is fo peculiar to Britain, that they are faid to 
degenerate when they are carried to other countries'.—All 
the harmlefs part of him is that of a bull-dog ; they are 
tame no longer than they are not offended. Addifon. 
BULL’s-EYE,/. among feamen, a fmall, obfeure, 
fublime, cloud, ruddy in the middle; confidered by ma¬ 
riners as the immediate forerunner of a ftorm at fea. 
BULL-FIGHT, or Bull-Feast, f . A fport much in 
vogue among'the Spaniards and PoYtuguefe, confiding of 
a kind of combat of a cavalier againft a wild bull, either 
on foot or on horfeback, by riding at him with a lance. 
The Spaniards have thefe bull fights, or feafts, in honour 
of St. John, the Virgin Mary, &c. This fport the Spa¬ 
niards received from the Moors, among whom it was ce¬ 
lebrated with great eclat. Some think that the Moors 
received the cuftom from the Romans, and they from the 
Greeks. Dr. Plot is of opinion, that the rav^oy.aBcc -^*.«* 
njA.c^a.s among the Theffalians, who firft inftiruted this 
game, and of whom Julius Caffar learned and brought it 
to Pome, were the origin both of the Spanifh and Por- 
tug'uefe bull-fighting, and of the Englifh bull-running. 
This practice was prohibited by pope Pius V. under pain 
of excommunication incurred, ipfo fado. But lucceeding 
popes granted feveral mitigations in behalf of it. 
From the following account of a bull-leaft in the Coli- 
fettm at Rome, in 1332, extracted from Muratori by Mr. 
Gibbon, the reader may form fome idea of the pomp, the 
ceremony, and the danger, which attended thcle exhibi¬ 
tions. “ A general proclamation as tar as Rimini and 
Ravenna invited the nobles to exercife their (kill and cou¬ 
rage in this perilous adventure. The Roman ladies were 
marfhalled in three fquadrons, and feated in three balconies, 
which on this day, the 3d.of September, were lined with 
fcarlet cloth. The fair jkicova di Rovere led the'matrons 
from beyond the Tiber, a pure and native race, >vho flill 
reprefen* the features and character of antiquity. The 
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