B U L 
Gold and filver is called bullion, either whep fmelted 
from the native ore, and not perfectly refined ; or when 
they are perfectly refined, but melted down in bars or in¬ 
gots, or in any unwroiight body, of any degree of finenefs. 
When gold and (ilver are in their purity, they are fo foft 
and flexible, that they cannot well be brought into any 
fafhiaa for ufe, without being firft reduced and hardened 
with an alloy of fome bafer metal. Therefore, to prevent 
the abufes which fome might be tempted to commit in the 
making of /itch alloys, the legifiators of civilized coun¬ 
tries have ordained, that there Ihall be no more than a cer¬ 
tain proportion of a bafer metal to a particular quantity 
of pure gold or filver, in order to make them of the fine¬ 
nefs of what is called the (landard gold or (ilver of fitch a 
country. According to the laws of England, all forts of 
wrought plate ought to be made to the legal (landard ; 
and the price of our ftandard gold and (ilver is the com¬ 
mon rule whereby to let a value on their bullion, whether 
the fame be ingots, bars, dull, or foreign fpecie : whence 
it is eafv to conceive that the value of bullion cannot be 
exaftly known without being firft effayed, that the exafl 
quantity of pure metal therein contained may be deter¬ 
mined, and confequently whether it be above or below 
the ftandard. Silver and gold, whether coined or uncoin¬ 
ed (though ufed for a common meafure of other things), 
are no Id's a commodity than wine, tobacco, or cloth ; 
and may, in many cafes, be exported as much to the na¬ 
tional advantage as any other commodity. See Bank of 
England. 
BULLI'TION, f. \_bullio, Lat.] The a£l or ftate of 
boiling. 
BUL'LOCK,/'. A young bull: 
Some drive the herds ; here the fierce bullock frorns 
Th’ appointed way, and runs with threat’ning horns. 
Cowley. 
BULLO'SA,/. [from bulla, a bubble. ] An epithet ap¬ 
plied to the veficular fever, becaufe the (kin is covered 
with little veficles or blifters. 
BULLS (Bay of), on the eaft fide of Newfoundland. 
Lat. 47. 25. N. Ion. 52. 20. W. Greenwich. 
BULLUL'LOS, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, four 
leagues from Lucena. 
BUL'LY,/! [Skinner derives this word from burly, as 
a corruption in the pronunciation ; which is very proba¬ 
bly right: or from bulky, or bull-eyed,-, which are lefs pro¬ 
bable. May it not come from bull, the pope’s letter, im¬ 
plying the inlolence of thofe who came inverted with au¬ 
thority from the papal court?] A noify, hindering, quar¬ 
relling, fellow : it is generally taken for a man that has 
only the appearance of courage.—A (colding hero is, at 
he worft, a more tolerable character than a bully in petti- 
oats. Addifon. 
To BUL'LY, v. a. To overbear with noife or menaces : 
’Prentices, pariih-clerks, and heftors, meet; 
He that is drunk, or bully'd, pays the treat. King. 
To BUL'LY, v. n. To be noify and quarrelfome. 
BUL'LY, a town of France, in the department of the 
Lower Seine : fix leagues north of Rouen. 
BULM MONOU, a country of Africa, on the coaft of 
Guinea. 
BUL'MAN, an ifiand on the fouth coaft of Ireland, at 
the entrance of Kinlale harbour: two miles and a half 
fouth of Kinfale. 
BUL'RUSH,/! in botany, a large rufh, fuch as growls 
in rivers without knots (fee Scirpus) ; though Drydcn 
has given it the epithet knotty ; confounding it probably, 
with the reed : 
The knotty buLruJh next in order flood, 
And all within of reeds, a trembling wood. Dryden. 
BULSE'DT, a town of Arabia, in the country of Ye¬ 
men : twenty-two miles fouth-eaft of Loheia. 
BU'LUM, or Bolm, a country of Africa, in Upper 
Vol. III. No. 144. 
BUM yoj 
Guinea, near the mouth of the river Serbora. Lat. 7. N. 
Ion. 43. W. Greenwich. 
BUL'WARK,/. [bolwercke, Dut. probably only from 
its ftrength and largenefs.] That which is now called a 
baflion : 
We have bulwarks round us; 
Within our walls arc troops enur’d to toil. Addifon. 
A fortification.—Our naval ftrength is a bulwark to the na¬ 
tion. Addifon. —A fecurity; a fereen ; a (heller.—Some 
make the wars their bulwark, that have before gored the 
gentle bofom of peace with pillage and robbery. Shakefp. 
To BUL'WARK, v. a. To fortify ; to (Lengthen with 
bulwarks : 
And yet no bulwark'd town, or diftant coaft, 
Preferves the beauteous youth from being feen. Addifon . 
BUL'WER (John), author of feveral curious books of 
phyfiognoiny, and of inftructions to the deaf and dumb, 
intended, as he exprefTes it, “to bring thofe who are fo 
born to hear the (ound of words with their eyes, and thence 
to learn to fpeak by the motion of their lips.” He was 
alfo author of Pathomyotomia, or A Diffeftion of the figni- 
ficative Mufclesof the Affections of the Mind, 1649, 12010. 
The mod curious of his works is his Anthropo-metamorpho- 
fis ; Man transformed ; or the Artificial Changeling ; in 
which lie (hews what a ftrange variety of (liapes and dreffes 
mankind have appeared in, in the different ages and na¬ 
tions of the world. 
BUL'ZIG, a town of Germany, in the deflorate of 
Saxony : two miles fouth of Zahna. 
BUM,/ [1 bomme, Dutch.] The buttocks; the part on 
which we fit: 
From dufty (hops negleded authors come, 
Martyrs of pies, and relics of the bum. Dryden. 
BUMAL'DA,/ in botany, a genus of the clafs pen- 
tandria, order djgynia, natural order dumolae. The gene¬ 
ric characters are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, five- 
parted almoft to the bafe; divifions ovate, obtule, concave, 
a little fhorter than the corolla. Corolla : five-petalled ; 
petals linear-.obovate, inferted into the germ. Stamina : 
filaments five, inferted into the claws of the petals, fili¬ 
form, ereCt, rough with hairs, almoft the length of the 
corolla ; antherte inferted into the back, ovate, twin. Pif- 
tillum : germ fuperior, conic, villofe ; ftyles two, erett, 
villofe, the length of the filaments; (tigvnas fitnple, head¬ 
ed, truncate. Pericarpiufn: feems to be a two-celled Cup- 
fule .—EJJential CharaEler. Corolla, five-petalled ; (iyles 
villofe; capfules, two-celled, two-beaked. 
There is only one fpecies, known by the name of bu- 
malda trifolia. The (lem is fhrubby ; branches clofe, in 
all parts fmooth, obfeurely angular, jointed, purple ; di¬ 
vifions oppolite, filiform, much fpreading, leafy ; leaves 
oppofite, petioled, ternate; leaflets ovate, acuminate, fine¬ 
ly ferrate, pale underneath, on very fhort, capillary, pe¬ 
tioles, fpreading very much, or reflex ; flowers terminat¬ 
ing the branches in racemes, on capillary peduncles. Na¬ 
tive of Japan. 
BUMB Al'LIFF, f. [This is a corruption of bound bai¬ 
liff, pronounced by gradual corruption boun, bun, bum, bai¬ 
liff.] A bail iff' of the meaneft kind ; one that is employed 
in arrefls.—Go, Sir Andrew, fcout me for him at the cor¬ 
ner of the orchard, like a bumbailiff. Shakcfpcarc. 
BUMBARD',/ [wrong written from bombard ; which 
fee.] A great gun ; a black jack ; a leathern pitcher : 
Y'ond fame black cloud, yond huge one, looks 
Like a foul bumbard, that would filed his liquor. Shakefp. 
BUMB AST', f. [falfely written for bombajl ; bombaft 
and bombajine being mentioned, with great probability, by 
Junius, as coming from boom, a tree, and fin, filk ; the 
fjlk or cotton of a tree. Mr. Steevens, with much more 
probability, deduces them all from bombycinus.\ A cloth 
made by fewingone fluff upon another; patchwork.—The 
ufual bombajl of black bits fewed into ermine, our Englifh 
b N women 
