508 fi U N 
(hell bony, fniooth on the outfide, within divided into two 
cells, one over the other, hot the upper one ufnally obli¬ 
terated in fruits that are fubglobular. Seed nifefcent. Co¬ 
tyledons or lobes oblong, fpirallv convoluted. It grows 
naturally in the Levant, w.hence Tournefort lent the feeds 
-to the royal garden at Paris. Alio in Ruflia. it was cul¬ 
tivated in 1*739 by Miller; flowers from May to July. 
5. Butuas cochlearioides, or fcurvy-grafs bunias : lili- 
rles cordate.ovate, even, infledted. The feeds of this fpe- 
cies were fent to Murray by Dr. Pallas, who found the 
plant in low meadows, near the Jaik. It is about two feet 
in height. The root Header, and fibrofe at the lides. The 
fie m and branches cornered or obfcurely furrowed, fmooth, 
and branching from near the root. The brandies alter¬ 
nate, (lender, lengthened, fpreading, lax, divided. Leaves 
in general oblong, veiny, and of an appearance between 
linuated and toothed. The.racemes are terminal and long 
on the Hem and brandies; the calyx fpreading, the co- 
-rolla white and veiny. '1 he lilicle cordate-ovate, gloffy 
and fliarp. 
6. Bunias cakile, or fea-rocket: (Hides ovate, even, an- 
cipital. Sea-rocket is a fmooth, glaucous, annual, plant, 
with a faltilh■ tafle. Root (lender, woody, running deep 
into the (and, and terminated by a few rigid fibres. Stem 
woouy, about a foot high, often much more, divided front 
the bafie into widely divaricated brandies. Leaves oblong- 
wedge-fhaped, feflile, deeply cut or pinnatifid, flelliy. The 
dowers grow in (lion Ipikes or chillers, alternately on fliort 
pedicles, and are of a pale red or flelli colour. The pods 
are (hurt, but large and flethy, oval-pointed, two-celled, 
with one or two roundilii feeds in each. The long com- 
prelled (lyle forms afterwards the beak of the pod. This 
.falling-off leaves a cloven bafe behind. The varieties are 
.conffant, but the leaves of all are fieffiy, and the fructifica¬ 
tions alike. It is a native of the fea-coaff in many parts of 
Europe and North America : with us on the coaffs of Nor¬ 
folk, Suffolk, Scotland, and Ireland, in deep fand, fre¬ 
quently near high-water mark : flowering in June and July. 
7. Bunias niyagroides, or myagrunj-like bunias: lilicles 
two-jointed, ancipital, torulofe above ; leaves pinnate, 
with reflected linufes. Root annual; Item ftraight, two 
feet high. Native of Siberia. 
8. Bunias Kgyptiaca, or Egyptian bunias: lilicles four- 
cornered, wart-muricate on every fide ; leaves runcinate. 
Stern a foot high, branched, hifpid at bottom, fmoother 
at top. Native of Egypt. Introduced in 17S7, by Mr. 
Zier. It flowers in Augult. 
9. Bunias Balearica, or Minorca bunias : (Hides hifpid', 
leaves pinnate, leaflets (lightly toothed. Native of Ma¬ 
jorca and Minorca. Introduced in 1781, by P. M. A. 
Brouffonet, M. D. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are all propa¬ 
gated by feed, to be fown where they are defigned to re¬ 
main, either in the beginning of April or in autumn. When 
the plants come up, they (hould be thinned to the diffance 
of one foot from each other ; and after that they will re¬ 
quire no other care but to keep them clean from weeds. 
They are all hardy enough to flower in the open air, but 
fome of them will fcarcely perfedt their feeds unlefs they 
be fown in the autumn. See Brassica. 
BU'NIUM,/: [( 3 ow&, a hill ; from its affedling high 
fitnations.] The Pig or Earth Nut. In botany, a ge¬ 
nus of the clal’s pentandria, order digynia, natural order 
lUmbellatae, or umbelliferae. The generic characters are 
.—Calyx : umbel nniverfal, manifold, with rays fewer 
than twenty ; partial, very fhort, crowded ; involucre uni¬ 
verfal, many-leaved, linear, fhort ; partial, fetaceous, the 
length of the nmbellule; perianthium proper, fcarcely ap¬ 
parent. Corolla: nniverfal, uniform; flofcules all fertile; 
proper of five, inflex-cordate, equal, petals. Stamina: fi¬ 
laments five, (hotter than the corolla, fimple; anthers 
Jirnple. Piffilluin : germ oblong, inferior ; flyles two, 
reflex.; fligmas obtufe. Pericarpiuin : none; fruit ovate, 
A>i-parule_. Seeds; two, ovate, convex on one fide, flat 
BUN 
on the oth.cr.— <EJfential C/iar after. Corolla, uniform; um¬ 
bels, crowded ; fruits ovate. 
There is but one fpecies, called buniuni bulbocaflanum, 
or earth-nut, or pig-nut. The root is perennial, tuberous; 
on, the outfide of a chefnut colour, within white, folid, 
putting forth (lender fibres from the Tides and bottom, of 
an agreeable fweetilh taffe, lying deep in the ground. 
Stem front one to two feet high, upright, round, ffiffilli, 
the thicknefs of a crow-quill, (lightly firiated, fniooth, 
throughout of a green colour and branched. Radical 
leaves on long petioles ; ftem-leaves feflile, all very finely 
divided, deep green, the folioles edged with prickly hairs, 
vilible only by a glafis. Sheath (liort, grooved, fmooth, 
the edge membranous and whitifh. Umbels feveral; uni- 
verfal rays from (even to twelve ; partial about twelve. 
Univerfal and partial involucre often wanting. Filaments 
longer titan the corolla, deciduous. Styles white, nearly 
upright. Seeds oblong-ovate, fmooth, and fomewhat aro¬ 
matic. To the above defeription we ntay add, that the 
root commonly grows four or five inches deep in the earth, 
the ffem from the (itrfape tapering towards it, flexuofe or 
bending to and from, and of a white colour: that the ffem 
is bur little branched ; the root-leaves tripinriate, with 
fmall lanceolate leaflets, which are fimple or trifid, the 
extreme leaflet trifid ; the ftem-leaves bipinnate, w'ith fim¬ 
ple or linear leaflets, not wider than the nerve : that the 
univerfal involucre conlifls feldom of more than one, two, 
or three, very (lender leaves, but in inoff inltances is al¬ 
together wanting : that the partial is moftly ffiorter than 
the umbel, and confifts of three or four very fmail lance¬ 
olate leaves; that the partial umbel lias fometimes fixteen 
and even twenty rays; that the petals are lanceolate, en¬ 
tire, but rolled inwards fo as to appear as if they were emar- 
ginate ; that the filaments are longer than the petals, and 
the piftils at firft clofe, afterwards divaricate, but never 
bent back. This defeription and thefe remarks apply to 
the plant as tifually found in Britain. I hat bunium which 
is moll common in many parts of the continent is fome¬ 
what different from ours ; the legments of the leaf are not 
fo fine, and nearer to parfley, whereas our’s approach to 
fennel. The root is not lo far within the ground, the 
leaves are larger and greener, and it fends forth fome leaves 
from the bulb itfelf. Mr. Miller fays he could never ob- 
ferve any elfential difference between them, and that, when 
they have been tranlplanted into a garden, they have prov¬ 
ed to be the fame. Profelfor John Martyn, who full re¬ 
marked the broader-leaved bunium in England, between 
Idornfey Wood and Old Fall, thinks that the differeaice was 
owing to the root’s growing nearer the furface than we 
commonly find it; perhaps they might be young plants, 
and on that account more vigorous ; and the root may 
defeend deeper in the ground every year. Dillenius fuf- 
pedls that the greater and fmaller bunium may be diffintt. 
Gouan, who cultivated them during eight years, is lur- 
prifed that they have not been diffinguifhed long fince, 
and gives fpecific differences which to us fcarcely appear 
fufficient. Villars makes them two fpecies ; and Dr. Wi¬ 
thering does the fame. The latter prelerves Linnaeus’s 
name to the greater bunium, and gives that of jlcxuofiim to 
the (mailer one. They are both figured in Johnlon’s 
edition of Gerarde’s herbal. Miller has two fpecies be- 
fides the common one, both from Tournefort1. bunium 
creticum, a native of the Levant, Crete, Zant, &c. 2 bu¬ 
nium faxatile, a low plant, feldom above fix inches higji, 
from the Alps; and differing only from lituation. This 
plant has feveral names in Enghfh befides the two given 
above : as, kipper-nut , hawk-nut , jur-nut or ye<-nut, ea'th- 
chejnut, and ground nut. It had 1 he name bnlbocajlanum gi¬ 
ven it by the older botanic writers among the moderns, for 
it is a word unknown to t he ancients, from its bulbous root 
like the fruit of the chefnut in taffe. In German it is erd- 
nufs ; in Dutch, aardnoot-, in Swedilh, jordnot ; in Da.iifh, 
jordolden-, in French, Juron, terre-noix ; in Italian, eajtagna 
di terra ; in Spanilh, eafiano ditierra ; in Portitguele, cdj- 
3 lankit 
