B U P 
3 md pierces their (kin with its bill, to extract thefe worms, 
and hence its name. 
BUPHO'NIA [from ( 3 »?, an ox, and (pure, daughter.] 
An Athenian feftival in honour ot Jupiter, on which oc- 
cafion an ox was immolated. PauJ. i. c. 24..- 
BUPHTH AL'MUM,/. l&ovt ,and o(pdct Gr. bul 1 ’.s- 
eye.] The herb Ox-Eye. In botany, a genus of the clafs 
fyngenena, order polygamia fuperflua, natural order com- 
politse oppofitifoliae. The generic characters are—Calyx : 
common, various in the dilferent fpecies, imbricate. Co¬ 
rolla: compound radiated; corolldles hermaphrodite, nu¬ 
merous, forming a flat dillc; females more than ten in the 
ray; proper of the hermaphrodite funnel-form, with a five- 
cleft, patulous, border; of the female liguiate, longer, 
fpreading, three-toothed. Stamina: (of the hermaphro¬ 
dite) filaments five, capillary, very (hort; anthene tubu¬ 
lar, cylindric. Piftillum : of the hermaphrodite ; germ 
®vate, comprelTed ; ftyle filiform, the length of the fta- 
mens ; fligma thickifh, limple, of the female ; germ an- 
cipital; ftyle filiform, of the fapne length as in the her¬ 
maphrodite ; ftigmastwo, oblong. Pericarpium : none; 
calyx unchanged. Seeds: of the hermaphrodite folitary, 
oblong, crowned with a gaftied manifold edge ; of the fe¬ 
males, folitary, comprefled, with each edge cutting, crown¬ 
ed like the others. Receptaculum : chaffy, convex. Ef- 
Jential C/iaradcr. Stigma of the hermaphrodite flofcules 
undivided ; feeds have the Tides, efpecially in the ray, 
edged ; down an obfcure edge ; receptaculum chaffy. 
Species. I. Afterifci T. 1. Buphthalmum frutefeeris, 
or ihrubby ox-eye : leaves oppofite, lanceolate, petioles 
two-toothed, ftem fhrubby. This fpecies rifes with feve- 
ral woody ftems from the root, and grows to the height of 
eight or ten feet, furnifhed-vvith leaves very unequal in 
fize, foirte of which are narrow and long, others broad 
and obtufe ; thefe are intermixed, fometimes coming out 
at the fame joint,, and often at the intermediate one ; they 
are loft, hoary, and placed oppofite. The foot-ffalks of 
the larger leaves have, on their upper fide, near their bale, 
two (harp teeth Handing upward, and a little higher there 
are generally two or three more, growing on the edge of 
the leaves. The flowers are produced at the ends of the 
branches Tingle ; thele are of a pale yellow colour, and have 
fcaly calyxes. It grows naturally in America. There is 
another fort from the Havannah, found growing naturally 
there by Dr. Houftoun ; the leaves of this are fhorter and 
thicker than thole_of the tenth fort, and have no teeth on 
their footffalks, but in other refpeiSts are very like it; the 
plants areYiot fo hardy. This fort has been long prelerved 
in the Englilh gardens, and was originally brought from 
Virginia, and railed in 1696 at Fulham. It is aiio a native 
of Jamaica, where it grows only near the fea-fide, in a 
buffiy tufted form, feldom rifing above two or three, feet 
iu height. That found by Houftoun in the Havannah, as 
above, is the lame : nor does the tenth fort of Miller al¬ 
ready ■ mentioned, Teem to be different. Hedelcribes it as 
having many (lender fhrubby ftalks near three feet high ; 
leaves oppofite, linear-lanceolate, long and narrow, thick 
and fucculent, very hoary, embracing the ftalk; flowers 
yellow, produced at the ends of the (hoots, on very Ihort 
peduncles. He received the feeds from the Bahama iflands. 
2. Buphthalmum arborefeens, or tree oxe-eye : leaves 
oppofite^ lanceolate, toinentofe on both (ides, toothlefs, 
quite entire, ftem fhrubby. This feldom grows much more 
than three feet high, fending out many ftalks from the 
root, which are fucculent, except near the root, where 
they are ligneous, garnilhed with thick, fucculent, fpear- 
fnaped, leaves, placed oppolite ; the Bowers are produced 
at the end of the branches upon foot-ftaiks which are two 
-inches long. Thefe flowers are larger than thofe of the 
firft fort, of a bright yellow colour. They appear in July, 
Auguft, and September ; but often continue fill the end 
of October. It was cultivated in 1699 in the royal garden 
at Hampfon-court: and is a native of Bermudas. Miller 
fays, that he feveral times received the feeds from the 
Bahama iflands. 
3. Buphthalmum fericetun, or filky ox-eye: leaves 
fcatlered, w-edge-(haped, acute, quite entire, villofe-filky. 
Branches thick, woody, covered with fears left by the fall¬ 
ing leaves; the finall brandies are covered with leaves, 
which are quite entire and toothlefs ; having white, filky, 
very foft, hairs, prefled to them. Flowers terminating-, 
large, and yellovy. Found in Fuertaventura, one of the 
Canary iflands, by Maftbn, and introduced here in 1779. 
It flowers from May to July. 
4. Buphthalmum fpinofum, or prickly ox-eye : calvxes 
acutely leafy ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, ftem-clafping, 
quite entire, 'l itis is an annual plant. The lower leaves 
are oblong, hairy, and rounded at the end, about four 
inches long, and one inch broad, narrowed at the bale. 
The ftalk rifes a foot and a half or two feet high, is hairy 
and fluff, dividing into two or three alternate branches to¬ 
wards the top. The flowers are produced at the ends of 
the branches; they appear from June to Auguft, and the 
feeds ripen in September. It is ; a native of the South of 
France, Spain, and Italy, on the borders of fields, and 
on ditch banks. It was cultivated in England in 1570. 
The leaves were formerly ufed in medicine. In Aragon 
it is called cevadilla, from its quality of exciting fneezing. 
5. Buphthalmum aquaticum, or fweet-lcented ox-eye ; 
calyxes obtufely leafy, fefiile, axillary ; leaves alternate, 
oblong, obtufe; ftem herbaceous. This alfo is annual; 
feldom growing more than a foot high in gardens, and 
where it is wild not fo high : it fends out many alternate' 
fpreading branches near the root: the leaves are hairy and 
fefiile : the flowers, which are fertile in the forks of the ftem, 
have an agreeable odour. Native of the South of Europe ; 
flowers in lulv and Auguft; and was cultivated in 17 -2 v 
by Mr. Miller. 
6. Buphthalmum maritimum, or Tea ox-eye: calyxes 
obtufely leafy, peduncled ; leaves alternate, fpatulate ; 
ftem herbaceous. This is alow perennial plant, with a 
ftirubby ftalk, rarely rifing a foot high, with many fpread¬ 
ing branches. Leaves hairy, narrow at their bafe, but 
broad and roundifti at the extremity. The flow'ers are 
produced at the ends of the branches; they are yellow, 
and fliaped like thofe of the former forts, but the leaves 
of the calyx are foft and blunt. The fligma of tiie her¬ 
maphrodite flowers in this, as in the fourth fort, is bifid. 
Native of Sicily. Cultivated here in 1640; and flowering 
from July to September. 
7. Buphthalmum durum : leaves alternate, lanceolate, 
quite entire ; ftem under-ftirubby. A ftirub, native of the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
8. Buphthalmum falicifoliuin, or willow-leaved oX-eye : 
leaves alternate, lanceolate, fubferrate, villofe ; calyxes 
naked ; ftem herbaceous! 'I bis is fomewhat like the next 
fort, but the leaves are broader and obtufe ; thefe alfo 
and the ftalks are hairy. The-root is perennial. The ftem 
upright, round, a foot or eighteen inches in height, with 
upright, one -ft owe red, branches. The root-leaves peti- 
oled, ovate; the ftem-leaves embracing, oblong or lance¬ 
olate, (lightly toothed, hairy or villofe. Flow ers naked, 
large, with the rav of a deeper yellow, but the difk rather 
brown. This.is thought to be the yellow after of the Ita¬ 
lians, the juice of which applied to the wounds enabled 
a dog to bear the bites of a viper without injury. Native 
of Italy, the South of France,.Switzerland, Auftria, and 
Carniola. It flowers from June to October; and was cul¬ 
tivated by Mr. Miller in 1759. . 
9. Buphthalmum grandiflorum, or great-flowered ox- 
eye : leaves alternate, lanceolate, fiibdenticulate, fmootli 5. 
calyxes naked ; ftem herbaceous/ This alfo is perennial, 
with an annual ftalk : tt grows near two feet high, with 
flender branching ftalks, and oblongftmooth leaves ending 
in a point ; the flowers are produced , 'at the extremity of' 
the branches, and are of a bright yellow colour. Villars- 
fays, that it differs little from the foregoing; that the leaves 
are Imooth, dar/green, and Alining; that the flowers are 
a little larger; and that it is much more common. It 
flcfwers in June and July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
