pa B U P 
It is a native of Italy, Auftria, and the South of France. 
Lhere are two or three varieties, differing in the breadth 
-of their leaves and the fize of their flowers, but they are 
all produced from the fame feeds. It was cultivated in 
the botanic garden at Cheifea in 1722. 
10. Buphthalmum fpeciofiffimum : leaves alternate, 
flem-clafping, ovate, naked, ferrate; fubciliate ; ftem one- 
flowered. Root fufiform, relembling a tuberous one. 
Stem two feet high, fmooth and even, with very (lender 
white lines. It grows wild in the mountains about Brixen 
in the Tyrol, and is perennial. The leaves of this and 
the foregoing fpecies have a tafie fomewhat like thofe of 
tea, and may be tiled indead of them. 
it. Buphthalmum helianthoides, or fun-flower-leaved 
ox-eve: leaves oppolite, ovate, ferrate, triply-nerved; 
calyxes leafy; fiem herbaceous. This is a perennial plant, 
it fathom in height. Rnot branched, whitifli, fragrant. It 
is a native of North America, whence it was lent by Catefby 
to the botanic garden at Cheifea. It was cultivated in 
171^, by the duchefs of Beaufort, at Badmington ; and 
dowers front July to Otlober. It is faid to be found wild 
• every where within the tropics. 
1 2. Buphthalmumoleraceum: calycineleafletsacute,con¬ 
nected laterally; leaves oppolite, lanceolate, curved back. 
Stem herbaceous, two feet high, upright, round, whitifh, 
■fmooth, branched ; leaves alh-coloured, flower large. It 
is an odorous plant, cultivated in the gardens of China 
.and Cochin China, as a pot-herb. Forfter, in Flor. Au- 
Ttral. names two other fpecies: buphthalmum uniflorum, 
tfound in Norfolk ifland; and buphthalmum procuinbens, 
.found in the Friendly iflands, in tire South Seas. 
Propagation and Culture. 1, 2. As thefe forts do not per¬ 
fect their feeds in this country, they are propagated by 
cuttings. They fliould be planted in July, when the 
plants have been for forr.e time expofed to the open air, 
whereby their (hoots will be hardened, and better prepar¬ 
ed to take root than when they firft come abroad. The 
cuttings (hould be plaured in fmall pots filled wiih light 
loamy earth, and plunged into a very gentle warmth, ob- 
fierVing to (hade them from the fun in the heat of the day, 
and gently refrefh them with water, but it mud: be given 
to them fparingly, for much wet will rot them. In about 
fix weeks thefe will have taken root, when they mu ft be 
gradually inured to bear the open air; and foon after they 
fliould be each planted in a feparate fmall pot filled with 
light loamy earth, and placed in the (hade until they have 
taken frefli root; after which they may be moved to a 
fheltered fituation, where they may remain till the middle 
of October, when they mult be removed into the green- 
houfe. The firft fort, being hardier than the other, may 
be placed in a common green-houfe ; but the other will 
thrive better in a warm glafs-cafe, where it will receive 
more fun, and, have a drier air. During the winter, they 
Yhould have but little moifture,-and in very mild weather 
they fhould have frefh air admitted to them, in the fum- 
mer they mud be placed abroad in a flielteped fituation, and 
treated in the fame manner as other exotic plants. 4, 5. 
The feeds of thefe (hould be fown the beginning of April, 
■on open borders, where they are to remain, and will re¬ 
quire no other care, but to keep them clear of weeds, and 
thin them to the difiance of a foot and a half, that their 
branches may hayc room to fpread. If the feeds be fown 
in the autumn, or be permitted to fcatter when ripe, the 
plants will come up foon after, and thefe will more cer¬ 
tainly ripen feeds than the fpring-plants. 6. This is (el- 
dom fucceeded by feeds in England, but the plant is ea- 
fily propagated by flips during the futntner feafon ; if the 
cuttings are planted in a bed of frelh loamy earth, and co¬ 
vered with a hand-gtafs, obferving to (hade them from 
the fun in the heat of the day, and frequently refrefhed 
with water, they will take toot in about fix weeks, when 
they fliould be carefully taken up, and each planted in a fe¬ 
parate fmall pot filled w.irlt frefli lindtinged earth, and plac¬ 
ed in. a (liady fituation till they have taken frelh root; af¬ 
ter which they may be removed to a flickered fituation, 
B U P 
where they may remain till the end of Oftober, when they 
mull be removed to a frame for the winter feafon, bein’- 
too tender to live abroad in winter in this country ; but, as 
they only require proteftion from hard fro Its, 'they will 
thrive better when they have a great fhare of air in mild 
weather, than if confined -in a green-houfe ; therefore the 
belt method is to place them in a common frame, where 
they ntay be fully expofed in mild weather, but Screened 
from the froft. 8, 9, n. Thefe may be propagated by 
parting the roots towards the end of October, when the 
Balks begin to decay. Thofe of the eleventh fhpuld be 
removed every other year, to prevent their fpreading to@ 
far. It is hardy, and will thrive in any fituation, but, as 
the roots are apt to extend, it is not proper for the bor¬ 
ders of fmall flower-gardens; but in large borders, on the 
fides of rural walks, or in fpaces between fhrubs, it will 
be ornamental during the feafon of flowering. The others 
do not fpread Co much, a few roots therefore may be plant-* 
ed in the borders of the flower-garden, efpecially thofe 
which have but little fun, where they will continue a long¬ 
time in flower. See Amellus, Anacyculus, Anthe^ 
mis, Chrysanthemum, Oedera, Silphium, Ver- 
RESINA. 
BUPHTH AL’MUS,/. [fromCa?, an ox, and 
an eye.] A diftemperof the eye, fo named from its large 
appearance, like an ox’s eve. 
BUPLEURI FO'Ll A, f. in botany. See Corymbium. 
BU PLEUROI'DES, /. in botany. See Phyllis. 
BUPLEU'RUM, J. and irAiv^oi', Gr. bovis cofla, 
from a fuppofed ill quality of burking kine that teed 
on it] Hare’s Ear; in botany, a genus of tire clafs pen- 
tandria, order digynia, natural order of umbellatre or uni. 
belliferae. The generic charadters are—Calyx : umbel 
univerfal with fewer than ten rays, partial with fcarcely 
ten rays, eredt-expanding ; involucre univerfal many-lea¬ 
ved, partial five-leaved, larger; leaflets expanding, ovate, 
acute'; perianthium proper, obfeure. Corolla: univerfal 
uniform, flofcules all fertile; proper, of five, involuted, 
entire, very fhort petals. Stamina: filaments five, Am¬ 
ple; antherae roundith. Piftillum: germ inferior; flyles 
two, reflected, fmall ; ftigmas very fmall. Pericarpium : 
none ; fruit roundifh, compreffed, firiated, fplitting in two. 
Seeds : two, ovate-oblong, convex and firiated on one fide, 
flat on the other. Mod of the fpecies have fpecious in- 
volucel'las frequently longer than the corolla. — EJfenlial 
Character. Involucres of the umbellule larger, five-leav¬ 
ed ; petals involuted ; fruit roundifh, coinpreffed, firiated. 
Species. I. Herbaceous. 1. Bupleumm rotundifolium, 
or common thorough-wax : univerfal involucres none ; 
leaves, or rather fietn, perfoliate. Our common or round¬ 
leaved hare’s-ear, is known in E n gb(h by the' name of 
thorough-wax , from the lingular circumftance of the (talk 
waxing or growing through the leaf, which alone may 
ferve as a fufficient mark to diflinguilh this plant, it being 
the only one, as Ray has obferved, among our indigenous 
herbs, which has a Ample leaf perforated by the ftem. 
We-may add, however, that the root is annual, fmall, and 
fibrous; the ftem a foot high, upright, round, perfectly 
fmooth, alternately branched ; the leaves fmooth, bluilh 
green, alternate, ovate, quite entire. Every part of the 
plant is remarkably hard and rigid, and has a flight aro¬ 
matic fmell. It had the reputation formerly of being a 
vulnerary herb; but this is a quality which no medicine 
can have, any othervvife than as a tonic, ftrengthening the 
conftitution; nor can any external application be fp'ecifi- 
cally healing or confolidating, or be ufeful in any other 
way, except as a defence from the air. ' Native of molt 
parts of Europe, as a weed among corn, from Britain 
fouthwards. With us, however, it is not very common. 
Profellbr John Martyn fays that he never difeovered it 
near London; it has however been found near Lewifhatn; 
except this, Hartford and between Queenhithe and Stone 
in Kent, and Harefield in Middlefex, are the nearefl pla¬ 
ces to the metropolis that it has hitherto been feen at. In 
Cambridgefhire it appears in feveral Acids in tolerable 
plenty. 
