51-6 B U R 
BU'R'EN, aftown ef Germany, in the Circle of Wdl- 
phalia, and bifiiopric of Paderburn, fitiffited bn the Alrne. 
It has a handfonie College, and is thirteen miles fouth- 
Jbutli-weft of Paderburn. 
BU'REN, a town of the United Dutoh States, in the 
duchy of Gueldres, and capital of a iSoiiYity, belonging to 
the Ivon(e of Na'flau : five.leagues north of Bois-le-Duc, 
and fix louth-eaft of Utrecht. 
BU'REN, a town of Swifferland, in the canton of Berne, 
on the Aar: fix miles fouth-wefir of Soieure.■ 
BURE'TRAS, a town of Sweden, in Weft Bothnia. 
BUR'FORD, a confiderable market-town in Oxford- 
tfhire, leventy-one miles north-weft from London, fifty 
from Bafh, fifty-four from Briftol, forty-one from Wor- 
• cefter, fifty-one from Birmingham, and twenty-nine 5 'om 
Gloucefier, to each of which places it communicates L v a 
good turnpike-road. Mere are made the heft rugs, witn a 
goo.ci manufactory of duffels; Burford,alfo has been long 
famous for making baddies. At this place was cou.vened a 
lynod, in 685, againft the error of the B'ritilh churches in 
tire obfervance of Eafter. At Battle-edge, near the town, 
Cuthred, king of the Weft Saxons, beat Ethelbald,. king 
of the Mercians, in a pitched battle; and here the learned 
Dr. Hfcyliu was born.' Being fituate in a fine corn-country, 
a large market for that article, and for cattle, is held every 
Saturday. Here are alto three chartered fairs, on the 5th 
of July, 2.5th of September, and laft Saturday in April. 
The church is a la^ge handfome fabric, with a very fine 
fpire ; the patron of the vicarage is the billiop of Ox¬ 
ford. John Lentfial,' Efq. a defeendant of the famous 
■fpeaker to the long parliament, is lord of the manor, and 
reiides at the priory near the town, which was a religious 
houfe belonging to the abbey of Keyntham, in the county 
-of Somerfet. The river Windrufh runs at the bottom of 
the town, and parts Bampton and Chadlington hundreds. 
Here is a free grammar-fehool, over which is the town- 
hall, wherein the allizes for the county of Oxford were 
held in 1636. This town had a charter from Henry II. 
granting it all the ctiftoms of the townsmen of Oxford, 
and, though it lias loft moftof them, it ftill retains the ap¬ 
pearance of a corporation, having a common feal, and go¬ 
verned by two bailiffs, burgelfes, conftables, &c. 
BURG, a town of Denmark, in the ifland of Eemarn. 
BURG, a town of Germany, in the circle ot Upper 
Saxony, and county of Reufs : four miles fouth-weft of 
Schleitz. 
BURG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower 
Saxony, and duchy of Magdeburgh.: fourteen miles north, 
eaft of Magdeburg. 
BURG, a town of the United Dutch States, in the coun- 
-fy of Zutphen, between Anholt and Dotekom. 
BURG, or Boup.g, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Weftphalia, and duchy of Berg : fix miles fouth of 
Solingen. 
BURG BERNHEIM, a town of Germany, in the cir- 
.cle of Franconia, and principality of Culmbach: four¬ 
teen miles north-nori h-weft of Anfpach. 
BURG GKMUNDE, a town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle of the Upper Rhine, and principality of Upper Heffe; 
fourteen miles fouth-eaft of Marburg, and fifteen eaft of 
GieiTen. 
BURG I.RNGENFELD, a towm of Germany, in the 
circle of Bavafia, and principality of Netiburg, on the 
Nab : fifteen miles north of Ratilbon, and fixteen fouth 
of Amberg. 
BURG SCHELDINGEN, a town of Germany, in the 
circle of Upper Saxony, and circle of Thuringia: three 
miles fouth-eaft of Nebra. • 
BUR'GAGE, or Tenure in Burgage, is where the 
king, or other perfon, is lord of an ancient borough, in 
which the tenements are held by a rent certain. It is in¬ 
deed only a kind of town foccage ; as common foccage, by 
which other lands are holden, is ufnally of a rural nature. 
See Soccage. A borough is diftinguifhed from other 
[towns by the right of fending members to parliament; 
B U~R 
and,-where the right of election is by burgage-tenure, that 
alone is a proof of the antiquity of the borough. Tenure 
in burgage, therefore, or burgage-tenure, is where houfes 
or lands which were formerly the feite of houfes in an an¬ 
cient borough, are held of fome lord in common foccage, 
by a certain eftablilhed rent. And- thofe leem to have 
withftobd the fhock of the Norman encroachments princi¬ 
pally on account of their, infignificancy, which made it 
not worth while to compel them to an Alteration of te¬ 
nure, as an hundred of them put together would fcarcely 
have amounted to a knight’s fee. Beiides, the owners of 
them, being chieHy artificers, and perfons engaged in 
trade, could not with any tolerable propriety, be put on 
Rich a military eftabliftiment as the tenure in chivalry was! 
The free foccage, therefore, in which thele tenements are 
held, leerns to be plainly a remnant of Saxon liberty; 
which may alfo account for the great variety of cuftoms 
affefting many of th.efe tenements fo held in ancient bur¬ 
gage ; rhe principal and moil remarkable of which is that 
called Borough-Englijh. See Bor/Ough-English, p. 219, 
of this volume. 
BUR'GAMOT,y. \_bergamotte, Fr.] A fpecies of pear. 
A kind of perfume. See Bergamot. 
BUR'-GANET, or Burgonet,/. .[from burginote, Fr.] 
A kind of helmet: 
This day I’ll wear aloft my burgonet, 
Ev’n to affright thee with the view thereof. Shahfpcare. 
BUR’G AS, a town of European Turkey, in the “pro¬ 
vince of Romania, on the weft coaft of the Black Sea : 
fixty-eight miles north-north.eaft of Adrianople, and 112 
north-north-weft of Conftantinople. Lat. 42'. 31. N. Ion. 
45. 12. E. Ferro. 
BURGAU', a town and caftie, with a marquifate, in 
Auftrian Suabia : five leagues north of Augfburg. 
BURGAU', a town of Germany, in the circle of Up¬ 
per Saxony, and principality of Eifenach : three miles 
fouth of Jena. 
BURGATJ', f. a large fpedes of fea-fnail, of the lunar 
or round-mouthed kind. It is beautifully lined with a 
mother-of-pearl; which the artificers call after the name 
of the fliell they take it from. 
BLIRG AUDI'NK, f. the French name for mother-of- 
pear).' In their works they do not life the nacre-Ihell for 
this purpofe; but the lining of the American burgau. 
Hence they call it the burgaudine mother-of-pearl. 
BURG'DORF, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Lower Saxony, and'principality of Luneburg.Zell : four¬ 
teen miles eaft-north-eaft of Hanover, and nine S. of Zell. 
BURG'DORFF, a town of Swifferland, in the canton 
of Berne, and chief place of a bailiwic. About a league 
from the town is a fulphurous fountain and baths, faid to 
be beneficial in paralytic and nervous complaints. It is 
nine miles north-eaft of Berne, and twelve fouth-fouth- 
eaft of Soieure. 
BUR'GEIN, a town of Egypt, fifteen miles north of 
Afhmunein. 
BUR'GEI., a town of Germany, in the circle of Up- 
per Saxony, and margraviate of Meilfen, on the Sala: 
fix miles fouth-eaft of Dornburg. 
BUR'GEL, or Mark-Burgel, a town of Germany, 
in thecircle of Franconia, and principality of Culmbach: 
thirteen miles north-north-weft of Anfpach. 
BURGE'O, an iftand, near the fouth coaft of Newfound¬ 
land : twenty-two leagues jiorth-weft of Miquelon. Lat. 
47. 20. N. Ion. 57. 30. W. Greenwich. 
BURGEOI'S,/ [bourgeois, Fr.] A citizen; a hurgefs. 
— It is a republic itfelf, under the proteftion of the eight 
ancient cantons. There are in it an hundred hurgeois, and 
about a thoufand fouls. Addifon. —A printing type, on 
which this work is printed; probably called fo from 
him who firft tiled it. 
BUR'GEON,/ in gardening, a term ufed to denote the 
eye, bud, or germ, of trees and plants. 
BUR'GER (Godfred Auguftus), a modern German 
poet 
