BUR 
i 
..p.oet: of great celebrity, vvhofe writings are in high efteem, 
though not yet tranflated into the Englifh language. He 
died on the Sth of June, 1795. 
BUR'GESS,yi [bourgeois, Fr.] Properly a man of trade, 
or the inhabitant of a borough or walled town ; though 
this name is ufually given to the magistrates of corporate 
towns. In Germany, and other countries, they confound 
bu'rgefs and citizen-, but we diftinguifhed them, as appears 
by the (tat. 5 Rich. 11 . c. 4, where the dalles of the com¬ 
monwealth are thus enumerated, count, baron, banneret, chi- 
valeer de countee, citizein de cites, burgefs de burgh. See Co. 
Lit. 80. Thofe are ail’o called burgell’es who ferve in par¬ 
liament for any borough or corporation. Burgedes of our 
towns are called, in Home (day, the homines of t lie king, or 
of fome other great man; but this only (hews whpfe pro¬ 
tection they were under, and is not any infringement of 
their civil liberty. 
BURG'GR AVE, /. an hereditary governor of a caftle, 
or fortified town, in Germany. The word is compounded 
• of bourg, town, and graf or grave, count. The burg- 
graves were originally the fame with what are otherwife 
called caJUllans, or comites cajtellani ; but their dignity was 
confiderably advanced under Rudolph of Hap (burg; be¬ 
fore. his time they were ranked only as counts, and below 
the princes, but under him began to be efteemed on a foot¬ 
ing with princes. In fome parts the dignity is much de¬ 
generated, efpecially in the palatinate. There were for¬ 
merly, according to. Leti, fifteen families who enjoy¬ 
ed the title of btirggraves, thirteen of which are now 
extinct. But this is differently reprefented by others. In 
Bohemia the title of burggrave is given to the chief offi¬ 
cer, or to him that commands in quality of viceroy. In 
Prtiflia, the burggrave is one of the four chief officers of 
the province, 
BURGH. See Borough and Dun. 
BURGH, a fm-all town in Lincolnfhire, pleafantly fitu- 
ated upon an eafy afcent from ealt to weft, five miles from 
Wainfleet, eight from Spiftby, and 127 from London. 
Two fairs are held annually, on the 12th of May and 2d 
of. Oftober, for hordes, cattle, and flieep, for woollen and 
linen draperies, hardware, clothing, and-proviffons; and a 
market weekly on Tlnirfdays, principally for provifions. 
The church is a neat and handfome edifice, vvhofe fteCple, 
built of Portland (lone eighty-feven feet high, claims at¬ 
tention ; preferring a moft agreeable and exterifive prof- 
peff both of the land and of the German ocean. The 
tenor bell, founding in E, and weighing 23 cu t. was the 
gift of John Holden, A. D. 1616, who devifed lands in 
truft of the yearly value of 10I. for the officiating clergy¬ 
man’s fervice, in praying for deliverance of the fouls of 
the deceafed from purgatory ; but has, by fucceeding truf- 
tee.s, been appropriated to the educating of thirty poor 
girls, in reading, knitting, and needle-work. Here is aifo 
a chapel belonging to that denomination of diflenters call¬ 
ed anabaptifts : alfo a free-fchool, endowed with lands in 
truft of the yearly value of 20!. for the educating of poor 
boys in reading, writing, and arithmetic. 
BURGH (Ulick dn), marquis of Clan, carde and earl 
of St. Alban’s, was not a man-of (Inning abilities, but of 
great humanity, courtefy, and generofity, ftrongly attach¬ 
ed to his friends, a true lover of his country, and fupe- 
rior to all fordid views of private intereft. He adhered to 
the crown from principle, and had a particular affection 
for the king’s perfon. He for fome years attended the 
court, and indeed few courtiers have been more generally 
efteemed. The great part which he afted for king Charles 
in Ireland is well known. He appears to have been juftly 
cenfured for the precipitate peace which he made with the 
yebels, to whom he yielded too large conceffions. He 
was the author of Memoirs relative to the Iri(It Rebellion, 
gvo. 1722. and fol. with the addition of many letters, in 
1757. Judge Lindfey has given a mafterly character of 
him. He died in 1657. See Heraldry. 
BURGH (James), an ingenious moral and political wri¬ 
ter, born at Madderty, in Perthshire, North Britain, in, 
Yot,. III. No. 145. 
B U R S!7 
1714. His father was minifter of that pariili, and his mo¬ 
ther was aunt to fhe celebrated hiftorian Dr. Robertfon. 
After a fchool education q't Madfterty, he 'removed to the 
univerfity of St, Andrew’s, with a view of becoming a 
clergyman in the church of Scotland; but did-not con¬ 
tinue long at the college, being obliged to leave it on ac¬ 
count of bad health. After this he came to London, and 
was employed for fome time as an affiftant in a fchool. In 
1747 he commenced mailer of an academy at Stoke New¬ 
ington ; and in that year he wrote Thoughts en Education, 
The next production of his-pen was a Hyma'to the Crea¬ 
tor; to which was added, in profe, an Idea-of the Creator, 
fr om his works. A fecond edition, in octavo, was printed 
in 1750. In 1751, at the requeft of Dr. Hales and Dr. 
Hayter bhbop of Norwich, he~publilhed a finall piece, in 
1 2 mo. intitled, A Warning to Dram-Drinkers. His next 
publication was his great work infilled the Dignity of Hu¬ 
man Nature; or a brief Account of the certain and efta- 
blithed Means for attaining the true End of our Exntence. 
This appeared in 1754, in one volume quarto, and was re¬ 
printed in two volumes eCtavo, 1767. In 1758, lie print¬ 
ed a pamphlet under the title, of Political Speculations ; 
and the fame year the Rationale of Chriftianity, though 
he did not publilh this laft. till 1760; when he printed a 
kind of utopian romance, intitled, an Account of the firft 
Settlement, Laws, Form, of Government, and,Police, of 
the Ce (fares, a people.of South America: in mine letters 
from Mr. Vander Neck,, one of the (enator.: of the nation, 
to his ftyend in Holland, wi^h notes by the editor, 8vo. In 
,1762, Mr. Burgh publifhed, in 8vo. the Art of Speaking; 
of which a fifth edition was printed in 1782. The late'Sir 
Francis Blake Delava], who had (ludied thd fubject of 
elocution, and who had diftinguifhed himfelf irpthe private 
adding of feveral plays, in conjunction with fqihe other 
perfons of falhion, had fo high an opinion of Mr. Burgh’s 
performance, that he folicited an intervievv with him. His 
next appearance in the literary world was in 1766, m the 
publication of the firft volume of Crito, or effays oh va¬ 
rious fubjedts ; to this he added a fecond volume in 1767. 
Mr. Burgh now refolved to complete his Political Dfib 
quifitions, for which he had, during ten.years, been, col¬ 
lecting fuitable materials. For this purpofe he quitted 
his fchool in 1771, and fettled at Ifiingt-on. Here he pub- 
li/hed this political work; the two firft volumes in 1774, 
and the- third volume in 1775., He propofed to add a 
fourth volume, but was prevented by death, which Hap¬ 
pened Auguft 26, 1775, in the 6ift,year of his age. 
BURG'-HAUN, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
the Upper Rhine, and biftiopric of Fulda, on the Hann, 
with two churches, one for Roman Catholics, and the other 
for Lutherans., It is eight miles north-north-eaR of Tulda, 
and thirty-eight eaft of Marburg. 
BURGH-Bt)TE, f a-contribution .towards the build¬ 
ing or repairing 5 f caftles, or walls, for the defence of a 
borough or city. By the laws of king Atheiftan, the caf¬ 
tles and walls of towns were to be repaired, and burgh- 
bote levied every year within a fortnight after rogation- 
days. No .perfon whatever was exempt from this fervice; 
the king himlelf could not. exempt a man .from burgh- 
bote : yet, in after- times, exemptions appear to have been 
frequently granted; infomuch, that, according to Cowel, 
the word burgh-bote came to be chiefly ufed to denote not 
the fervice, but the liberty or exemption from if. 
BURG-BRECHE, or Brech,/ a fine impofed on the 
community of. a town, or burgh, for the breach or peace 
among themfelves. 
BURGH-CASTLE, or Borough-Castle, a fortrefs 
on the edge of the county of Suffolk, three miles vv.eft of 
Yarmouth, where the rivers Yare and Waveny meet. It 
was once a famous place; but; ndw only the ruins of its 
walls remain, near which Roman coins a re-often dug up. 
BUR'GHER,/. [from burgh.] One who has a right to 
certain privileges, in this or that place. 
BUR'GHERM ASTER, /! fee Burgomaster. 
BUR'GHERSIIIP, f. The privilege pi a burgher, 
6 Cr BURGH- 
