B U R 
motion is effected by means of a rod of iron i, called a 
tfigger, (harp at the extremity next the frame, where it 
touches the teeth of an horizontal fpur-whecl, or circular 
piece of wood, fixed on the grinding-plate, while the 
other end is extended three feet two inches to the centre 
of motion. 
BUR'ROW, Berg, Burg, Burgh,/! [derived from 
the Saxon burg, byrg, a city, tower, or callle.] A corpo¬ 
rate town, that is not a city, but fttch as fends burgeffes 
the parliament. All places that, in former days, were 
called borolugJis, were fuch as were fenced or fortified.— 
Poffeflion of land was the original right of election among 
the commons; and burrows were entitled to (it, as, they 
were po (Celled of certain trails. Temple. —The holes made 
in the ground by conies.—When they (hull fee his crelt up 
again, and the man in blood, they will out of their bur¬ 
rows, like conics after rain, and revel all with him. S/takcf. 
To BUR'ROW, v. n. To make holes in the ground ; to 
mine, as conies.or rabbits. — Some drew (and among their 
corn, which, they fay, prevents mice and rats burrowing 
in it ; becaufe of its falling into their ears. Mortimer. 
BUR'ROW (Sir James), maficr of the crown-office, 
was elected F.R.S. and F. A.S. in 1751. On the death 
of Mr. Weft in 1772, he was prevailed on to fill the pre- 
lident’s chair at the Royal Society till the anniverfary elec¬ 
tion, when herengned it to Sir John Pringle: and Auguft 
10, 1773) when the fociety prefented an addrefs to his 
majefiy, lie received the honour of knighthood. He pub- 
lifiied two volumes of Reports in 1766 : two others in 1771 
and 1776 ; and a volume of Decilions of the Court of^,. . 
King’s Bench upon fettlement cafes from 1732 to 1772 (to^Bkc 
: feir 
BUR 
5i9 
BUR'SAR, f. [burfarius , Lat. from bur fa \ whence the 
Englifti word purfe ; hence alfo the oiticer, who in a col¬ 
lege is called but far, in a (hip is called pur/er.'] The trea- 
furer of a college. Students fent as exhibitioners to the 
ttniverfities in Scotland by eacii prelbytery, from whom 
they liave a (mail yearly allowance for four years. Con¬ 
ventual burfars were officers in monafteries, who were to 
deliver up their account yearly on the day after Michael¬ 
mas. Burfars or iufors, alfo denote thole to whom fli- 
pends are paid out of a burfe or fund appointed for that 
purpofe. 
BURSA'RIA,/! The burfary, or exchequer of colle¬ 
giate ;md conventual bodies ; or the place of receiving, 
paying, and accounting, by the burfarii or buffers. 
which was (unjoined An EfTay of Pundhtation), in three 
parts, 4(0. 1768, 1772, 1776. The EfTay was alfo printed 
feparately in 410. 1773. He publiflied, without his name, 
A few Anecdotes and Obfervations relating to Oliver 
Cromwell and Ills family, ferving to rectify feveral errors 
concerning him, publilhed by Nicol. Comn. Papadopoli, 
in his Hiftoria Gymnafii Patavini, 1763, 4to. He died in 
1782. 
BUR'ROWBRIDGE. See Borouc.hbridge. 
BUR'SA, a tow n of Afiatic Turkey, and one of the 
moft beautiful of the province of Natolia, (itnated at the 
foot of Mount Olympus, and well watered by fprings. The 
Jews have four fynagogues, the Greeks three churches, and 
a metropolitan; the Armenians have likewife a church, 
and an archbifhop. In this town are manufactured the 
moft beautiful carpets, filk fluffs, velvet, &c. The ca¬ 
ravans w hich go from Aleppo and Smyrna to Conftantino- 
ple, pals through this town, and add much to its com¬ 
merce. It was built by Prufias, king of Bythinia, after 
wltoni it was called Prufa, or Prujia. In the year 947, it 
was taken by an Arabian prince, but (non alter retaken 
and held by the Greeks, till, in the year 1356, it was 
feizied by the .emperor of the Turks, who made it the (eat 
of empire to the taking of Conftantinople. About a 
league from the town, are foine celebrated n arm baths, on 
the road to which are feen the tombs of feveral lultans, 
and chapels of marble and jafper : fixty miles Couth of 
Conftantinople. Lat. 40. N. Jon. r.6. 50. E. Ferro. 
BUR'SA PASTO'RIS,/. in botany. See Bunias, 
Draba, Ip.eris, Thlaspi, and Arabis. 
BUR'SA, or Burse, f. Originally (ignined a purfe; 
whence the ferotum is fometimes called by this name. In 
middle-age writers it is more particularly ufed for a college 
or hall in an univerfity, for the refidence of (Indents, call¬ 
ed burfalcs or burfarii. The nomination to buries is in tire 
hands of the patrons and founders thereof. Lite burfes of 
colleges are not benefices, blit mere places affigned to cer¬ 
tain pei Tons. 
BUR'SfE MUCO'S^s,/. Small glands which fecrete 
a mucus to lubricate the parts on which they are fituated. 
See Anatomy, vol.i. p.638. 
BUR'SALI, a country of Africa, in Negro-land, fitu- 
a'ed on the fide of the river Gambia, about twelve leagues 
in length. 
BtJRS'CHELDT, a town of Germany, in the bithop- 
ric of Cologn, near Aix-la-Chapelle, with a Ciftertian 
abbey, the abbefs of which lias a feat in the diet. 
BURSE, f. fbufa, cambium, bafilica .] A public edifice 
in certain cities, for the meeting of merchants to negociate 
bills, and confer on matters relating to money and trade. 
In this fenfe, burfe amounts to the fame with what we 
call an exchange. The firft place of this kind to which the 
name Bufe was given, Guicchardin allures us, was at 
Bruges; and it took its denomination from an hotel adjoin¬ 
ing to it, built by a nobleman of the family de la Bourfe, 
whofe arms, which are three purfes, are dill found on the 
crowning over the portal of the houfe. Catel’s account 
is fomewhat different, viz. that the merchants of Bruges 
bought a houfe or apartment to meet, which was tIre fign 
of tl^purfe. Others, however, derive it from by fa, the 
Tkchaiftse at Carthage. From Bruges the name was trans- 
erred to (imilar ftruttures in Ai^twerp, Amfterdam, Ber¬ 
gen in Norway, and London. This laft, anciently known 
by the name of the common burfe of merchants, had the de¬ 
nomination lince given it by queen Elizabeth, of the royal 
exchange. The old exchange in the Strand, was termed 
Britain's Burfe, .by. jajl^s I. The moft: confiderable burfe 
is that of Amfterdam, which is a large building, 230 feet 
long and 130 broad, round which mn^a periftyle twenty 
feet wide. The columns of tire periftyle, which are for¬ 
ty-fix, are numbered, for the conveniency of finding peo¬ 
ple. . It will hold 4500 perfons. In the times of the Ro¬ 
mans there were public places for the meeting of merchants 
in moft of the trading cities in the empire; that built at 
Rome, in the 2591)1 year after its foundation, under the 
conCiilate of Appius Claudius and Publius Servilius, was 
denominated the college of merchants-, fome remains of it 
are dill tube feen, and are known by the modern Romans 
under the name loggia. The Hans towns, after tire ex¬ 
ample of the Romans, gave the name of colleges to their 
burfes. 
BURSE'EAH, a town of Hindoofhin, in the Malwa 
country : ninety miles eaft^f Oudein. 
BURSE'RA,/! [fo named in memory of Joachim Bitfer , 
the difciple of Cafpar Bauhin, a great collector ot plants. 
His Herbarium in thirty volumes is now at Upfal. J Ja¬ 
maica Birch-Tree. In b^my, a genus of the olafs 
polygamia, order dioecia. The generic characters are— 
Calyx : periantliium qjie-leafed, mi- 
parts ovate, acute. Corolla : petals 
fpreading, entire, deciduous. Sta- 
fubtilate, ere£t, fixed round the bate 
of the germ; anther®, ovate, ^rett. Piftilhun : germ 
ovate ; ftyle ftiort, thick, trifid at the tip ; ftigrnas very 
ftiorr, fimple. Pericarpitim : capfule fleftiy, obovate, 
three-cornered, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds: ber¬ 
ried, foiitary (commonly only one), compreffed. If. Male 
on a feparate tree. Calyx : periantliium five-toothed, mi¬ 
nute. Corolla : petals five, lanceolate, acuminate, re¬ 
flex, fhrivelling. Stamina: filaments five, eight, ten, 
placed round a flightly-convex Cur face, fcarcely fttorter 
than the petals, tubulate ; anther® oblong, two-celled. 
Piftillum : a rudiment; germ none; ftyle trifid, caducous, 
or none.— EJcntial Character. Hermaphrodite. Calyx, 
mite, three-parted-; 
three, ovate, acute, 
miiia: filaments fix, 
three-leaved ; corolla, tlirc-e-petalled ; 
capfules, ftediy,. 
three■ 
