B U T 
Armo, c. 11, regulations are made as to the watering and 
ga (fling hides, and the Celling putritied and rotten hides by 
butchers; and by the laid ftat. i Jac. no butcher (hall be 
a tanner or currier. 
To BUT'CHER, v. a. To kill ; to murder: 
In differing thus thy brother to be flaughter’d, 
Thou fliew’ft ihe naked pathway to thy life, 
Teaching (tern murder how to butcher thee. Shakefpeart, 
BUTCHER-BIRD,/, in ornithology. See Lanius. 
BUTCHER’S BROOM, or Kneeholly,/. fee Rus- 
cus.^-The roots are fometimes ufed in medicine, and the 
green (hoots are cut and bound into bundles, and fold to 
the butchers, who ufe it as befoms to fweep their blocks ; 
from whence it had the name of butcher's broom. Miller. 
BUTCHER’S ISLAND, in the Eaft Indies, a fmall 
ifland about two miles long, and one broad. It has its 
name from cattle being kept there for the ufe of Bombay, 
from which it is about three miles diflant. 
BUT'CHERLINESS,/ A brutal, cruel, favage, but¬ 
cherly, manner. 
BUT'CILERLY, adj. Cruel; bloody; grofsly and 
-clumfily barbarous: 
What ftratagems, how fell, how butcherly , 
This deadly quarrel daily doth beget! Sbahcfpcare. 
BUT'CHERY,/ The trade of a butcher.—Yet this 
man, fo ignorant in modern butchery , has cut up half an 
hundred heroes, and quartered five or fix milerable lovers, 
in every tragedy he has written. Pope. —Murder; cruel¬ 
ty; (laughter: 
Can he a foil to foft remorfe incite. 
Whom gaols, and blood, and butchery , delight ? Dryden. 
The place where animals are killed ; where blood is (lied : 
There is no place, this houfe is but a butchery ; 
Abhor it, fear it, do not enter it. Shakefpcare. 
BUTE (earl of). See Stuart. 
BUTE, a county of Scotland, formed of two iHands, 
Arran and Bute, and a few fmaller, lituated in the frith 
of Clyde, fouth of the county of Argyle, and welt of the 
county of Ayr. 
BUTE, an ifland of Scotland, lituated in the frith of 
Clyde, and forming, with Arran, a county, to which it 
gives name ; about twelve miles long from north to fouth, 
and five broad from eafl to weft, feparated from tiie coun¬ 
ty of Argyle by a narrow channel, and the fame from the 
ifle of Arran. The northern parts are mountainous, but 
yield good pafture ; the reft of the ifland bears corn. The 
air is healthy, and the inhabitants generally live long. 
There is a confiderable fifliery on the coaft, and in the 
mountains are found quarries of good (tone, fuller’s earth, 
and cryftal. There are five churches in the ifland, and 
feveral fiftting villages. The chief place is Rothfay. 
BUTE'A,/ in botany, the erythrina monofperma of 
Lamarck, a genus of plants deferibed in Dr. Roxburgh’s 
Defcription of Plants on the Coaft of Coromandel, lately 
publifhed by order of the Eaft-India company. There 
are two fpecies. 
i. Butea fiondofa. Trunk irregular, generally a little 
crooked ; covered with afh-coloured, fpongy, thick, flight- 
ly-fcabrotts, bark, the middle ftrata of which contain a 
red juice, hereafter to be mentioned. Branches very irre¬ 
gularly bent in various directions; young (hoots downy. 
Leaves alternate, fpreading, three’d, from eight to fixteen 
inches long. Leaflets emarginated, or rounded at the 
apex, leathery, above (hining and pretty fmooth, below 
(lightly hoary, entire; the lateral are obliquely oval, from 
five to feven inches long, and from three to four and a 
half broad; the terminal inverfe-hearted, or in other 
words tranfverfely oval, and confiderably larger than the 
lateral. Common petiole round, when young downy, 
length of the leaflets. Stipules of the petioles (’mall, re¬ 
curved, downy ; of the leaflets awled. Racemes termi¬ 
nal, axillary, and form tuberofities over the naked woody 
Vol. III. No. 14,7. 
RUT !M 
branchlets, rigid, covered with a foft greenifh-purple-co- 
loured down. Flowers papilionaceous, pendulous, nume¬ 
rous, pedicelled, large; their ground-colour a beautiful 
deep red, (haded with orange-and-filver coloured down, 
which gives them a mo'i elegant appearance. Pedicels 
round, about an inch long, articulated near tire apex, and 
covered with the fame greenifb velvet-like down. Bradtes : 
one below the infertion of each pedicel, lanced, falling ; 
two (imilar but fmaller, prefling on the calyx, falling alfo-. 
Calyx: bellied, leathery, two lipped; upper lip large, 
fcarcely emarginated; under lip three-toothed, covered 
with the fame dark-green down that the racemes and pe¬ 
dicels are covered with, withering. Corolla: banner re¬ 
flected, egged, pointed, very little longer than the wings. 
Wings afeending, lanced, length of the keel; keel below, 
tvvo-pavted, afeending, large, mooned, length of the wings 
and banner. Filaments one and nine, afeending in a re¬ 
gular femicircle, about as long as the cord. Anthers? 
equal, linear, eredt. Germ fhort, thick, pedicelled, lan¬ 
ced, downy. Style afeending, a little larger than the fila¬ 
ments. Stigma fmall, ghindulous. Legume pedicelled, 
large, pendulous, all but the apex where the feed is lodg¬ 
ed, leafy, downy, about fix inches long by two broad ; ne¬ 
ver opens of itfelf. Seed one, lodged at the point of the 
legume, oval, much comprelfed, fmooth, brown, from one 
inch and a quarter to one inch and a half long, and about 
one broad. This is a middle-fized or rather a large tree, 
very common among the mountains on the coaft of Coro¬ 
mandel, but not on the low lands ; its calls its leaves du¬ 
ring the cold feafon, but they come out again, with the 
flowers, about March and April; feed ripe in June and 
July. From natural fiffures and wounds made in the bark 
of this tree, there iflues a mod beautiful red juice, which 
foon hardens into a rubv-coloured, brittle, aftringent, 
green; but it foon lofes its beautiful colour if expofed to 
the air; to preferve the colour therefore, the gum mu ft 
be gathered as foon as it becomes hard, and clofely corked 
up in a bottle. This gum, when holden in the flame of 
a candle, fvvells, and burns away (lowly, without fmell or 
the lead flame, into a coal, and then into fine light white 
afhes; put in the mouth, it foon diflblves, tailing ftrongly 
but Amply aftringent; heat does not (often it, but rather 
renders it more brittle. Pure water diflblves it perfectly, 
and the folution is of a deep clear red colour. ‘ It is in a 
great meafure foluble in fpirits, but the folution is paler, 
and a little turbid ; the watery folution.alfo becomes tur¬ 
bid when fpirit is a'dded, and the fpirituous more clear by 
the addition of water. Diluted vitriolic acid renders both 
folutions turbid ; mild cauftic vegetable alkali changes tfie 
colour of the watery folution to a clear deep fiery blood- 
red. With an alkalifed decodtion of this gum, it was tried 
to dye cotton-cloth prepared with alum, with fugar of 
lead, and with a folution of tin in aqua regia ; but the 
reds produced thereby were bad ; that where alum was 
employed was the beft. Sal martis changes the watery 
folution into a good durable ink. Thefe are proofs that 
it contains a very fmall proportion of refin, in which it 
differs from the gum-refin called kino; and, as this can 
be perfectly dilfolved in a watery menflnium, it may prove 
of ufe where a fpirituous folution of kino cannot be admi- 
niftered, and confequently may prove a valuable acquifi- 
tion in the materia medica. Infufions of the flowers, ei¬ 
ther frefli or dried, dye cotton-cloth, previoufly impregna¬ 
ted witli a folution of alum or alum and tartar, a molt 
beautiful bright yellow, more or lefs deep according to 
the ftrength of the infufion ; a little alkali added to the 
infufion changes it to a deep reddiflt orange, which dyes 
unprepared cotton-cloth of' the fame colour, but the leaft 
acid changes it to a yellow or a lemon ; hut thefe beautiful 
colours are not perfectly permanent. The exprefled juice 
of the frelh flowers, diluted witli alum-water, and render¬ 
ed perfectly clear by depuration, was evaporated by the 
fun into a foft extract, and proved a brighter water-co¬ 
lour than gatnboge ; infufions of the dried flowers yield an 
extract little if any tiling inferior to this lalt-mentioned ; 
7 A they 
