BUT 
Wales, who appointed him Reward of Ludlow-caRle, when 
the court was revived there. In this part of his life, he 
married Mrs. Herbert, a gentlewoman of a good family. 
In 1663 was publiflied the firfl part, containing three can¬ 
tos, ot the poem of lludibras, which, as Prior relates, 
was made known at court by the taRe and influence of the 
earl of Dorfet. When it was known, it was necelfarily 
admired : the king quoted, the courtiers Rudied, and the 
whole party of royaliRs applauded, it. Every eye watched 
for the golden fliower which was to fall upon the author, 
who certainly was not without his part in the general ex¬ 
pectation. In 1664 the fecond part appeared; and the 
curiolity of the nation was rekindled, and the writer was 
again prailed and elated. But praife was his whole re¬ 
ward. Clarendon, fays Wood, gave him reafon to hope 
for ‘places and employments of value and credit;’ but no 
fuch advantages did he ever obtain. It is reported, that 
the king once gave him 300 guineas; but of this tempo¬ 
rary bounty we find no proof. Notwithfianding this dif- 
couragement and negledt, he Rill profecuted his defign ; 
and in 1678 publiRied the third part, which Rill leaves 
the poem imperfect and abrupt. How much more he ori¬ 
ginally intended, or with what events the action was to 
be concluded, it is vain to conjecture. Nor can it be 
thought Rrange that lie Rionld Rop here, however unex¬ 
pectedly. To write without reward is fufficiently unplea- 
ling. He had now arrived at an age when he might think 
it proper to be in jefl no longer, and perhaps his health 
might now begin to fail. He died September 25, 1680; 
and Mr. Longueville, having unfuccefsfully folicited a 
fubfcription for his interment in WeRminRer-abbey, bu¬ 
ried him at his own coR in the church-yard of Covent- 
garden. Dr. Simon Patrick read the fervice. About 
lixty years afterwards, Mr. Barber, a printer, mayor of 
London, beRowed on him a monument in WeRminRer- 
abbey. After his death were publiflied three I'mall vo¬ 
lumes of his poRhiunous works, and lately, two volumes 
more have been printed by Mr. Thyer of MancheRer, in¬ 
dubitably genuine. From none of thefe pieces can his 
life be traced, or his character difcovered. Some verfes, 
in the laR collection, fhew him to have been among tliofe 
who ridiculed the infiitution of the Royal Society, of 
which the enemies were for fome time very numerous and 
very acrimonious ; for what reafon it is hard to conceive, 
fince the philofophers profelfed not to advance doctrines, 
but to produce faCts; and the moR zealous enemy of in¬ 
novation muR admit the gradual progrefs of experience, 
however he may oppofe hypothetical temerity. In this 
miR of obfcurity palled the life of Butler, a man whofe 
name can only perifli with his language. The mode and 
place of his education are unknown; the events of his 
life are varioufly related ; and all that can be told with 
certainty is, that he was poor. 
BUT'I.ER (Jofeph), bithop of Durham, a prelate of 
diflinguifhed learning and piety, was the fon of a reputa¬ 
ble fliopkeeper at Wantage in Berkfhire, and born in 1692. 
The father, who was a prelbyterian, and had a numerous 
family, obferving in this his voungeR fon a firong incli¬ 
nation to learning, he fent him, firR to the grammar- 
fchool in that town, and afterwards to an academy in Gloti- 
ceRerlhire, in order to qualify him for a diflenting-teacher. 
Before he left this place, lie wrote fome remarks on Dr. 
Samuel Clarke’s firR fermon at Boyle’s leChire, which are 
to be found annexed to the doctor's treatife on the Being 
and Attributes of God; and in which lie treats that ab- 
Rrufe and metaphyfical fubjeCt with a degree of penetra¬ 
tion and knowledge greatly fuperior to his years. Having 
made it his bufmefs to examine the principles of non-con- 
formity, and having fettled his mind upon this fubjeft, lie 
relolved to conform to the eRablilhed church ; and, remo¬ 
ving to Oxford, was admitted a commoner of Oriel-col¬ 
lege, in 1714. Here he contradled a friendfliip with Mr. 
Edward Talbot, fon of the bifliop of Durham, and bro¬ 
ther to the lord chancellor; which laid the foundation of 
his fubfequent advancement. Hence he was firR appoint- 
B U T c 5 r 
ed preacher at the Rolls, and redlor of Haughton and of 
Stanhope, two rich benefices in the bifhopricof Durham. 
He quitted the Rolls in 1726, and publifiicd, in 8vo. a 
volume of fermons, preached at that chapel. After this 
he conRantly rcfided at Stanhope, till 1733 ; when he was 
called to attend the lord chancellor Talbot as his chaplain, 
who gave him a prebend in the church of Rochefter. In 
1736, he was appointed clerk of the clofet to queen Caro¬ 
line. In 1738, he was nominated to the biflippric of Brif- 
tol, and not long afterwards to the deanery of St. Paul’s, 
London. He now refigned his living of Stanhope. In 
1746, he was made clei k of the clolet to the king ; and, 
in 1750, tranflated to Durham. This rich preferment he 
enjoyed but a fhort time, for lie died at Bath, June 16, 
1732. His corpfe was interred in the cathedral at BriRol, 
where there is a monument erecffed to his memory. He 
died a bachelor. His deep learning and comprehendve 
mind appear fufiiciently in his writings, particularly in his 
work intitled, the Analogy of Religion, publiflied in 8vo, 
1736; and a volume of excellent Sermons, to which is ap¬ 
pended a well-written account of his life. 
BUT'LBIR (James), duke of Ormond, one of the ablefl: 
fldtefmen of the age in which he lived, was the fon of 
Thomas Butler, Efq. and was burn on the 19th of Octo¬ 
ber, 1610, in Newcaflle-houfe, Clerkenwell, London. His 
grandfather, on the death of Thomas earl of Ormond, 
affuming that title, and his father being unfortunately 
drowned in Ireland, lie fucceeded to it 011 the old earl’s 
deceafe, in 1632. Being made lieutenant-general of the 
forces in Ireland, lie diflinguifhed himfelf by his bravery 
againfl the rebels in that kingdom, over whom he gained 
fome confiderable victories, on whicli account he was crea¬ 
ted marquis of Ormond. Some time after, he was ap¬ 
pointed lord lieutenant of Ireland ; but, Cromwell landing 
at Dublin with a flrung army, the marquis was under the 
necedity of retiring to France, where lie was reduced to 
great difficulties, and might have fallen into Rill greater, 
if the French nobility'had not Riewn him many civilities, 
invitinghim to their houfes, and treating him with all 
poflible kindnefs and refpeift. The marquis, after per¬ 
forming fome fervices for Charles II. abroad, came to 
England, to obtain an exaCI account of the Rate of affairs 
in this kingdom ; and returned fafeiy, after running thro’ 
many incredible dangers. In fhort, he engaged in (everai 
fchemes for his majefly’s fervice, and had a great fhare in the 
tranfadions which immediately preceded the reRoration; 
foon after which lie was (worn ot the privy council, made 
lord-Reward of the houfeliola, lieutenant of Somerfet- 
Riire, high Reward of Weftminfler, KingRon, and BriRol; 
created baron of Lanthonv, and earl of Brecknock. Be¬ 
fore his majeRy’s coronation, be was raifed to the dignity 
of duke of Ormond, and in 1662 was declared lord lieu¬ 
tenant of Ireland, when, by bis vigilance, be difappoint- 
ed Blood’s plot of feizing both his perfon and the caftle of 
Dublin ; and was fome years after forced out of Ins coach 
in St. James’s-flreet by the fame villain, who, it is be¬ 
lieved, intended to have hanged him at Tyburn, if he had 
not been fortunately refcued. His grace died on the 21R 
of July, 1688, in the feventy-eighth year of his age. He 
was not only an excellent foldier, and an able flatefman, 
but a good, humane, and benevolen f , man. 
BUT'LFR (Thomas), earl of Offory, fon of the for¬ 
mer, was born in the caRle of Kilkenny, July 9, 1634. 
Fie diflinguifhed himfelf by a noble bravery, united to the 
greateR gentlenefs and modefly, which very early excited 
the jealoufy of Cromwell, who committed him to the - 
Tower; where falling ill of a fever, after being confined 
near eight months, he was difcharged. He afterwards 
went over to Flanders, and on the reRoration attended the 
king to England ; and, from being appointed colonel of 
foot in Ireland, was iai(ed to the poR of lieut.-general of 
the army in that kingdom. On the 14th of September, 
1666, he was fummoned by writ to the Englifli houfe of 
lords, by the title of lord Butler, of Moore-park. The 
fame year, being at EuRon in Suffolk, he happened to 
hear 
