5SZ BUT 
hear the firing of guns at fea, in the famous battle with 
the Dutch that began the ill of June. He infhintly pre¬ 
pared to go on board the fleet, where he arrived on the 
third of that month ; and luid the fatisfadliou of inform¬ 
ing the duke of Albemarle, that prince Rupert was has¬ 
tening to join him. lib had his fhare in the glorious ac¬ 
tions of that and the Succeeding day. His reputation was 
much encreafed by his behaviour in the engagement off 
Sotithwold-bay. In 1673, lie was fucceflively made rear- 
admiral of the blue and the red fquadrons; and, on the 
10th of September the fame year, was appointed admi¬ 
ral of the whole fleet, during the abfence of prince Ru¬ 
pert. Jn 1677 lie commanded the Finghfh troops in the 
i'ervice of the prince of Orange; and at the battle of 
Mons contributed greatly to the retreat of marfhal Lux¬ 
emburg, to whom Lewis XIV. was indebted for the great- 
eft part of his military glory. His fpeech, addreffed to 
the earl of Shaftelbury, in vindication of his father, was 
nniverfally admired: it even confounded that intrepid 
orator, who was in the fenate what the earl of Offbry was 
in the field. He died July 30, 1680, aged forty-fix. The 
duke of Ormond his father laid, “ He would not exchange 
his dead fon for any living fon in Chriftendoni.” 
BUT'LER’s BAY, on the north fide of an ifland, in 
the (traits of Magellan, final 1 , and furrounded with rocks. 
Lat. 53.37. S. Ion. 74. 9. W. Greenwich. 
BUT'LLRAGE, f The duty upon wines imported, 
claimed by the king’s butler. See Customs. 
BUT'LERSHIP, f. The office of a butler. 
BUT'MFiNT,/! £ aboutement , Fr.J That fupport or prop 
by which the feet of arches, and the extremities of bridges, 
are feettred.—The fupporters or butments of the arch can¬ 
not fuffer Co much violence, as in the precedent flat pof- 
ture. IVotton. 
BUTNE'RrA,/! in botany. See Calycanthus. 
BU'TOMU S,f. [/ 3 ov? and rog.o;, bovan feindens ; becatife 
the (harp leaves are (aid to wound the tongue and lips of 
kine.] The Flowering Rush; in botany, a genus of 
the clafs enneandria, order hexagynia, natural order of tri- 
petaloideae ; one of the connecting links between lilies and 
saifhes. The generic characters are—Calyx : involucre 
fimple, three-leaved, ffiort. Corolla: petals fix, round- 
ifli, concave, withering; tliree outer alternate, fmaller, 
more acute. Stamina: filaments nine, Tubulate ; antlierae 
bilamellate. Piftillum : germs fix, oblong, acuminate, 
ending in ftyles ; ltigmas fimple. Pericarpium : caplules 
fix, oblong, gradually attenuated, ereCt, one-valved, ga¬ 
ping on the infide. Seeds : very many, oblong-cylindric, 
obtufe at both ends, fixed to the wall of the capfules.— 
EJfcniial CkaraBcr. Calyx none; petals fix ; capfule fix, 
many-feeded. 
There is but one fpecies, called butomus umbellatus, 
or flowering rtifh or water gladiole. The root is peren¬ 
nial ; the leaves enliform, long, triangular, fmooth, quite 
entire, fpongy, at bottom (heathing, at. top flat and twift- 
ed. Flowers to thirty, each on a (Ingle round fmooth pe¬ 
duncle, from an inch to about a finger’s length. Seeds 
fimall, fubcylindric grooved. It grows in and by the tides 
of watery ditches, moats, lakes, ponds, and brooks, in 
1110ft parts of Europe, from Lapland to Italy. It flowers 
with us from July to September. The corolla varies in 
different (hades of red, or purple mixed with white; and 
is lometimes entirely white. The (tern at bottom, and the 
peduncles at top, are often tinged with red. The number 
three is evidently predominant in the fructification: the 
corolla being doubly tripetalous ; the ffamens thrice three; 
the piftils fix ; the caplules fix in a hexagon form ; the in¬ 
volucre three-leaved. We know not of any ufe to which 
this plant may he applied, but its beauty is acknowledged. 
“ Tlie water-giadiole, or graflie ru(h, (fays Gerarde,) is of 
all others the faired and molt pleafant to behold, and fer- 
veth very well lor the decking and trimming up of hou¬ 
ses, becatife of the beautie and braverie thereof.” It is 
<he only ] lant of the clals enneandria which grows wild 
BUT 
in Britain. Mr. MtHer mentions a variety, as found near 
London, intermixed with the common fort; which is not 
half fo large in leaf, ftalk, or flower. 
Propagation and Culture. Flowering-ruffi may be propa¬ 
gated in boggy places ; or by planting it in citterns kept 
filled with water, and having about a foot thicknefs of 
earth in the bottom, into w.hicli the roots lliould be plant¬ 
ed, or the feeds fown as foon as they are ripe; or on the 
(ides of ponds or (low-flowing dreams, where it will have 
a good effeft in diverfifying the feene. 
BUTO'NICA,/i in botany. See Barringtonia. 
GUTOW', a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper 
Sax-ony, and Farther Pomerania : twenty-eight miles eaft 
of Polnow, and thirty-nine north-eaft of New Stettin. 
BUTRIN'TO, a fea-port town of Albania, on a gulf 
to which it gives name, in the canal of Corfu, the fee of 
a Greek bifliup, fuftragan of Janina. It belongs to the 
territory of Venice, and is fifty-fix miles weft-Iouth-weft 
of Delfino. 
BUT'SHAFT,/! An arrow.—The blind boy’s butjhaft. 
Shakcfpeare. 
BUTT,/i [but, Fr.J The place on which the mark to 
be (hot at is placed : 
He calls on Bacchus and propounds the prize; 
The groom his fellow-groom at butts defies, 
And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes. Dryden. 
The point at which the endeavour is directed : 
Be not afraid though you do fee me weapon’d; 
Here is my journey’s end, here is my butt, 
The very fea-mark of my journey’s end. Shakcfpeare. 
The objeft of aim ; the thing againff which any attack is 
directed.—The papifts were the mod common-place, and 
the butt againff whom all the arrows were directed. Cla¬ 
rendon. —A man upon whom the company break their jefrs, 
A blow given by a horned animal. A ftroke given in fen- 
cing : 
If difputes arife 
Among the champions for the prize ; 
To prove who gave the fairer butt, 
John fhews the chalk on Robert’s coat. Prior. 
BUTT,/i [butt, Sax.] A veflel; a barrel containing 
one hundred and twenty-fix gallons of wine; a butt con¬ 
tains 108 gallons of beer; and from fifteen to twenty-two 
hundred weight is a butt of currants. — I efcaped upon a 
butt of flick, which the failors heaved overboard. Shake/p. 
To BUT!', v. a. [batten , Dut.] To ftrike with the head. 
—A ram will butt with his head though he be brought up 
tame, and never flaw that manner of fighting. Ray. 
BUT'TEN, a town of Arabia, twenty-eight miles eafl 
of Chamir. 
BUT'TER,/ [buttere, Sax. butyrum, Lat.] An unc¬ 
tuous fubftance prepared from milk, which, in itscompo- 
fition, partakes of whey, butter, and cheefe. The cafeous 
part is vifeous and (limy ; the butter is the fat, oily, and 
inflammable, part ; and both, properly fpeaking, are not 
perfedllv diffolved in the ferum or whey, but rather only 
ditfufed * through it like an emulfion, fo that thefe compo¬ 
nent parts may be leparated by reft alone, without any ar¬ 
tificial preparation. When milk is in a (fate of reft, the 
oily part rifles to the flurface, and forms what is called 
cream. When the milk has curdled, which will foon be 
the cafe, the caleous parts feparate themfelves from the 
whey; and this reparation may be pccafioned alfo by the 
addition of fome mixture, through means of which the 
produce is liable to many variations. The caleous part 
when fqueezed and mixed with fait, and perhaps herbs, 
and when it lias been moulded into a certain form and dried, 
is ufed under the name of cheefe, which will always be bet¬ 
ter the greater the butyraceous part is that has been left in 
it. The cream Ictimmed off, and by proper agitation in a 
churn or other veflel leparated from the whey and cafeous 
parts, becoptc? butter. * This fubftance, though common- 
