C A C A L I A. 
57S 
14.. Cacalia fonehifolia, or fow-thiftle-’eaved cacalia: 
flem herbaceous; leaves Iyrate, ftem-clafping, toothed. 
Root annual. Stems almoft Ample, fmoothilh, herbaceous, 
round, upright, reclining, near two feet high, branching a 
little towards the top. Flowers few, the frze of common 
groundfel. This fpecies (hews, that a calycled calyx is 
not a charafler common to the whole genus. The piftil 
alfo is fomewhat longer than the ftamens. It is much ufed 
both in the medicine and economy of the Indians; being 
eiteemed detergent, and the young leaves being eaten raw 
in fallads. It is a native of the Eaft Indies, Ceylon, Am- 
boyna, China, Cochin-china, &c. Mr. Miller fays, that 
he has alfo received the feeds from the Spanifh Weft Indies. 
It flowers in July, and the feeds ripen in September. Mr. 
Miller cultivated it in 1768. 
15. Cacalia incana, or hoary cacalia : ftem herbaceous; 
leaves lanceolate, toothed. Stem erefl, lofty. Native of 
the Eaft Indies. 
16. Cacalia faracenica, or creeping-rooted cacalia: ftem 
herbaceous; leaves lanceolate, ferrate, decurrent. This 
is a perennial plant; a native of the fouth of France. 
Cultivated in 1772 by Mr. James Gordon, fen. It flowers 
from Auguft to October. 
17. Cacalia haftata, or fpear-leaved cacalia : ftem her¬ 
baceous; leaves three-lobed, acuminate, ferrate ; flowers 
nodding. Obferved in Siberia, firft by Gmelin, and af¬ 
terwards by Pallas, who introduced it here in 1780. 
1 3 . Cacalia fuaveolens, or fweet-fcented cacalia: ftem 
herbaceous, upright; leaves haftate-fagittate, toothletted ; 
petioles dilated at top. Native of Virginia and Canada; 
flowering in Auguft, and ripening its feeds in Oflober. 
The roots which have been eaft out of the Chelfea gar¬ 
den, have been carried by the tide to a great diftance, have 
lodged on the banks of the river, and fattened themfelves 
to the ground, where they have increafed fo much, that 
in a few years this plant may appear to be a native of this 
country. Mr. Miller cultivated it in 1752. 
19. Cacalia atripicifolia, or orach-leaved cacalia : ftem 
herbaceous; leaves fubcordate, tooth-finuate; calyxesfive- 
flowered. This is of the fame fize and ftature with the 
foregoing. The lower leaves are cordate; the upper 
broader than long, and fmooth. Native of Virginia and 
Canada; flowers here in Auguft; cultivated in 1739 by 
Mr. Miller. 
20. Cacalia Alpina, or Alpine cacalia: leaves reniform- 
coniate, acute, toothletted. Root perennial; ftem a foot 
and half high and more, leafy, and branching at intervals. 
Haller, befides two principal varieties, the fmooth and to¬ 
mentofe, mentions that it is found with white florets, and 
wjth leaves deeply cut. Miller makes two fpecies of this: 
the firft or rough fort he calls Alpina, the fecond or fmooth 
fort glabra. The firft, he fays, has leaves (haped like thofe 
of ground-ivy, but of a thicker texture, of a (hining green 
on their tipper fide, but white on their under; among thefe 
arifes the flower-flalk, which is round, branching towards 
the top, and grows a foot and a half high ; under each di- 
vifion of the ftalk is placed a Jingle leaf, of the fame fhape 
with thofe below, but much fmaller; the branches are 
terminated by a corymb of flowers, having about three 
purphfti florets. The fecond has tlie appearance of the 
other, but the leaves are almoft heart.fhaped, pointed, 
fharply ferrate, and on both Tides very green; the (talks 
rife higher ; the ftem-leaves have much longer foot-ftalks; 
3nd the flowers are of a deeper purple colour. Villars 
has three fpecies, befides varieties; but Allioni confiders 
them all as one fpecies ; fmooth in fubalpine moiftifh fitu¬ 
ations among butties; hirfute, or very hairy, in colder 
loftier rocky alpine fituations; tomentole, or cottony, 
among (tones in open fituations on the higher Alps. Na¬ 
tive of Svvilferland, Mount Jura, Dauphin^, Piedmont, 
Auttria, and Carniola. Cultivated in 1739 by Milter. 
21. Cacalia echinata; herbaceous; leaves reniform, cor¬ 
date, angular-toothed, tomentofe beneath ; leaflets of the 
calyx tubercled. This was obferved by MalFon in the 
iftand of Teneriffe, on precipices near the toaft. 
22. Cacalia albifrons, or white-leaved cacalia t herba¬ 
ceous ; leaves cordate, biferrate, acute, tomentofe beneath ; 
ftipules oblong, rounded. This is a lingular plant, and 
very diftindl from the others, in having two leaves at the 
bafe of the petioles, refembling ftipules ; they are feftiie, 
oblong, (lightly toothletted, and tomentofe beneath. It 
feems to be the third fort of Villars; and is a native of 
Auftria, &c. 
23. Cacalia bipinnata, or bipinnate-leaved cacalia: her¬ 
baceous; leaves bipinnate, linear. Stem upright, ftreak- 
ed, even. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
24. Cacalia acaulis, or ftemlefs cacalia: ftemlefs; leaves 
femicolumnar; fcapes one-flowered. 25. Cacalia radi- 
cans, or rooting cacalia: herbaceous, creeping, rooting; 
leaves columnar-ovate, fle(hy. Thefe were both found 
at the Cape by Thunberg. 
26. Cacalia articulata, or jointed-ftalked cacalia: fiefhy; 
ftem decumbent, jointed; lower leaves haftate, upper ly- 
rate. This is an elegant plant, fmooth and glaucous, of 
an unpleafant balfamic flavour. Stems many, fleftiy, round, 
upright but weak, marked with fears from the fallen 
leaves, and painted with lines of a deeper green; they 
are three feet high or more, and branching. Flowers fe¬ 
tid, nodding a little; calyx very fmooth; leaflets from 
eleven to thirteen, (harp ; without any incumbent feales at 
the bafe. Found at the Cape of Good Hope by Malfon, 
and introduced in 1773- It flowers in November. 
27. Cacalia lutea, or yellow cacalia: ftem herbaceous; 
leaves five-parted, acute, glaucous beneath; flowers ter. 
minal, on very long peduncles. This grows naturally at 
St. Helena; the roots fpread and increafe under the fur- 
face; the leaves arife immediately from the root, have 
very (hort foot-ftalks, and are cut into five or fix long acute 
fegments almoft to the mid-rib; the fegments are alfo 
acutely cut on their (ides in two or three places; the un¬ 
der fide of the leaves are glaucous, their upper fide of a 
dark green. The flower-ftalk arifes between the leaves 
immediately from the roots; this is naked, about eight 
inches high, terminated by fix or eight yellow compound 
flowers (landing on long fo'otftalks, almoft in an umbel ; 
the flowers are fucceeded by oblong feeds, which rarely 
ripen in England. 
28. Cacalia carnofa, or narrow-leaved cacalia: ftem 
fhrubby; leaves roundifh, fle(hy, bent in; peduncles ter¬ 
minating, one-flowered, naked. Native of the Cape of 
Good Hope. Cultivated in 1757 by Mr. Miller; flowers 
in June. 
29. Cacalia fcandens, or climbing cacalia : ftem herba¬ 
ceous, climbing; leaves fagittate, toothed; petioles fim¬ 
ple. This is alfo a native of the Cape, where it was 
found by Mafton. It was introduced in 1774, and flowers 
in April. M. l’Heritier has given this name to the eupa- 
torium fcandens of Linnaeus, which he has removed to this 
genus. 
30. Cacalia ruderalis: ftem herbaceous, branched; 
leaves lanceolate, entire, glaucous. This is an annual 
plant, upright, not more than three feet high, and very 
fmooth; flowers void of feent, with a green calyx, and a 
corolla green and yellow mixed. Native of St. Domingo 
and Martinico. 
31. Cacalia procumbens: ftems fuflfruticofe, procum¬ 
bent; leaves ovate-lanceolate, fubferrate, fiefhy; racemes 
elongated, interrupted. Stems perennial, nine feet high, 
procumbent, round, equal, fmooth, lucculent, branched; 
leaves bright green, fmooth, alternate, petioled. Native 
of China and Cochin-china, where it is ufed as a pot-herb. 
32. Cacalia bulbofa : leaves radical, Iyrate ; ftem almoft 
naked; panicle few-flowered. Root a roundifh, knotted, 
perennial, bulb; ftem a foot and a half high, upright, 
round; flowers gold-coloured, on a terminating peduncle, 
feveral together. Native of China and Cochin-china. It 
is emollient, refrigerant, and refolvent; ufed chiefly ex¬ 
ternally in refolving tumours, and in the eryfipelas, as a 
cataplafm; the juice of the leaves in inflammations of the 
eyes; as a gargarifm in inflammations of the fauces. 
32 ' Ca« 
