CAE 
CVelius floiirifiiscl 12c years B. C. Cicero. Tubero Ciclm-s* 
a-man who came to life after he had been carried to the 
burning, pile.—Cadius, one of the feven hills pn which 
Rome was built. Romulus furrounded it with a ditch 
and rampart, and it was melofed with walls bv tlie follow¬ 
ing kings. It received its name from Caslius, whoafiifted 
Romulus againft the Sabines. 
CyE'LUS MONS (Itinerary), a town of Vindelicia, on 
the right or well; fide of the Ilargus. Now Kelmuniz, a 
frnall town of Suabia, on the Illcr. 
CA'EN, a city of France, and capital of the depart¬ 
ment of Calvados, fituated on the rivers Orne and Odon; 
before the revolution, it was the capital of Lower Nor- 
many, withaeelebraleduniverfity, founded by Charles VII. 
and an academy of the belles lettres. Caen, with the reft 
of Normandy, was at one time fubject to the king of fin- 
gland. In the year 11o.j., it wets feized by Philip the Au- 
guft, king of France, and remained fubjedi to that crown 
till 1346, when it was befieged and taken by Edward III. 
after a fevere conteft, and the lofs of a great number of 
lives. In 1417, it was again taken by the troops of Hen¬ 
ry V. and continued in the bauds of the Englilh till the 
year 1448, when it was taken by Charles VII. king of 
France : twenty-fix pods and a half weft of Paris. Lat.49. 
ji.N. Ion. 17. 18. E. Ferro. 
C/E'NE, a fmall ifland in the Sicilian fea. — A town on 
the coaft of Laconia, where Jupiter is called Crenius. Pli¬ 
ny. Ovid. 
CzENI'NA, a town of Latium near Rome. The in¬ 
habitants, called Ccznineirfes, made war againft the Romans 
when their virgins had been ftolen away. Livy. 
C-fti'NlS, in fabulous hiftory, a ThelTalian woman, 
daughter of Elatus, who, being forcibly ravilhed by Nep¬ 
tune, obtained from the god the power to change her fex, 
and to'beconte invulnerable. She alfo changed her name, 
and was called Cxncus. In the wars of the Lapitlvre .againft: 
the Centaurs, Ihe offended Jupiter, and was overwhelmed 
with a huge pile of wood, and changed into a bird. Ovid. 
Virgil fays, that (lie returned again to her priftine form. 
Cj*ENOP'TERIS, f. [y-x new, and trLpi?, fern.] 
In botany, genus of the clals cryptogamia, order filices. 
The generic characters are—Fructifications in fubmargi- 
nal lateral lines, covered with a membrane gaping on the 
outfide. 
But one fpecies, called cccnopteris rhizophy.lla : frond 
bipinnate, rooting at the tip ; pinnules obovate, fomewhat 
lickle-fhapfid, petioled ; primordial leaves lobed. Native 
of the ifland of Dominica, where it was found by Thierry. 
CzE'PIO (Q^ Servilius), a Roman conful in the Cim- 
brian war. He plundered a temple at Tdloffa, for which 
he was puniflied by divine vengeance. JvJlin. 
CfE'RE, anciently a town of Etruria, the royal refi- 
dence of Mezentius. Its ancient name was Argyllce. In 
Strabo’s time not the leaft veftige of it remained, except 
the baths called aeretana. From this town the Roman 
cenfor’s tables were called axrites tabv.Ue. In thefe were 
entered the names of fuch as for fotue mifdemeanor for¬ 
feited their right of fuffrage, or were degraded from a 
higher to a lefs honourable tribe. For the people of Caere 
hofpitably receiving thofe Romans who, after the taking 
of Rome by the Gauls, fled with their gods and the fa- 
•cred fire of Vefta, were, on the Romans recovering them- 
felves from this dilafter, honoured with the privilege of 
the city, but without a right of voting. 
CAERFIL'LY, or Caerphilly, a market-town of 
Glamor'ganfhire, in South Wales, 158 miles from London. 
I-t is very ancient, and pleafantly fituated among hills, on 
the banks of the river Rumney, which divides Glamorgan 
from Monmouthftiire. It is of great antiquity, Roman 
coins having been fob rid here; and is Very remarkable for 
the remains of a caftle, which, for ftrength and magnifi¬ 
cence, mull have exceeded all.others, not only in .Wales 
but in Britain, that of WifVdlbr only excepted ; and from 
its admirable firuChire and vaft extent, it is concluded to 
have been a Roman gaVtil'oii, built about fc'ur hundred 
Vol. III. N9. 149. 
CAE 
years before the birth of Chrift, by Belt G aw r, then king 
of Britain, and brother to the renowned Brennus, general 
of th£ Gauls. But hiftory has unkindly denied us its aid 
precifely to determine the antiquity of it. The Judiclcrti • 
antiquary, upon a ftricl ftirvey of this amazingly gra-ncr 
pile, will probably be induced to think that it hath been 
re-edified, at leaft in part, firtcc its firft foundation. We' 
find no mention of it in the Epglifh hiftory till the reign 'of' 
Edward II. when, it is more than probable, it was repaired 
by the Spencers, who were favourites 01 that king ; for in 
the year 1326, w hen he was overpowered at Biiftpl by his- 
queen Ifabella and her party, he took refuge in Caerphilly 
caftle, which he had previoufiy ganifoned, and continued 
there for feme time. The caftle was clofeiy befieged by 
the prince of Wales, afterwards Edward III. for nine 
months; after which it was difmantle'd ct ail its imple¬ 
ments, and the fortifications were in great part demolifhed. 
Among the many ftupendous pieces which remain of this' 
ruin, is a large tower, which every moment fed ms to threa¬ 
ten definition to thofe who pafs by it. According to the 
opinion of the ingenious Mr. Wood, of Bath, who lay on 
Iiis back for feveral minutes to view the overhanging, its" 
lineal projection on the outer fide is not lefs than ten feet 
and a half beyond its bafe; a circumftance which renders 
it almoft as great a curiofity as the leaning tower of Pifa, 
in Italy. The neighbourhood abounds with coal and iron 
ore, and which, when mixed with the Lancafhire red ore, 
makes very good iron. Here is a fulling-mill, at which 
ftrong country cloth is made, and the people in the neigh¬ 
bourhood manufacture flannel and (lockings. The mar¬ 
ket is on Thurfdays. Fairs on April 5, June 6, July 19, 
Auguft 25, October 9, and November 16. The Thurf- 
day before Chriftmas-day, Thurfday before January 25, 
the firft Thurfday in March, and the firft 1 liurfday in 
May, are great markets. 
CAERLE'ON, an ancient city in Monnrouthfhire, fitu¬ 
ated on the river U(k, twenty miles from Monmouth, 
fourteen from Chepftow, three from Newport, twenty-fix 
from Briftol, and 148 from London. It was once confi- 
dered as the metropolis of Wales, was built by the Ro¬ 
mans, who called it ifea Siiurum , and', for beauty and ex¬ 
tent, next to London and York, was.then the third city 
in Britain, having been an archbilhop’s fee, from the el- 
tablilhment of Chriftianity in this ifland, A. D. 182, till 
about the year 521, ’when the lee was tranflated by St. 
David to Menevia, in Pembrokefliire, thence called St. 
David's. In the time of the Romans, here lay the legion 
called Ifca, to keep the Siiures in awe, and ir was then the 
principal Roman flation of tire ifland. Various antiquities 
have, in different ages, been difeovered among its ruins. 
Camden and his continuator have preferved a confiderable 
catalogue of them ; and even at this time tire fund is not 
exhausted. Here .ve ftill fee, both within and without the 
Walls, fubterraneous buildings, aqueduCts, and vaulted 
caverns. Near the centre of a field adjoining to the weft- 
wall is the amphitheatre mentioned by Giraldus. The 
form of it only remains, no traces of its walls being now 
difcoverable ; the diameter of the area is very large, and 
is bounded with a high circular entrenchment ot earth. 
Of the caftle, there is very little extant, except the tower, 
which is railed upon a mound, and remarkable lofty. The 
renowned king Arthur kept his court in this city, where 
lie is faid to have inftituted the fociety ot knights ot the 
round table ; one of which tables is yet to be (ecu in the 
caftle of Winchefter. See vol.ii. p. 226. At Caerleon, 
in ancient times, and even after the Saxon conqueft, was 
an univerfity, wherein philofophy, afironomy, and other 
fciences, were cultivated. Its walls were built by the 
Romans with brick, and it is laid were three miles in com- 
pafs; it bad three churches befides the univerfity, and 
many elegant ftruflures, befides baths. It is faid to have 
extended to St. Julien’s, and was a place of confiderable 
ftrength in the reign of Henry II. fdr the valiant Lqrwerth 
ab Owen ab Caradoc, lord of Caerleon, defended it a long 
time againft the king’s forces, though he was at laft over- 
7 L powered 
