593 G /E S A L 
mens longer than tho» corolla ; 'u'ppermofl: petal ('mailer. 
This (cents to be the fpecies noted by Dr. Roxburgh, in 
his Defcription of Plants on the Coaft of Coromandel. Mis 
account of it is as follows : Trunk irregular, the larged 
twelve feet or more in circumference. Bark very thin, 
a fit-colon red, that of the branches'thickly fet with round 
fcabrous tuberolities, each crowned with a (mall, (harp, 
fomewhat curved, prickle ; theledrop as the wood becomes 
large. The young (hoots have (lie prickles, but want 
their tuberous.receptacles. Branches few, lpreading, ir¬ 
regularly armed. Leaves alternate, abruptly twice fea¬ 
thered, oblong, from twelve -to twenty inches long : fea¬ 
thers ten to twelve pair. Leaflets oppofite, from-eight to 
fourteen pair, fomewhat rhomboidal, end-nicked-, fraooth, 
three quarters.of an inch long by three-eighths broad. Pe¬ 
tiole common, round, fmooth, generally armed with three 
prickles at the infertion of the feather, the pair below, 
and the (ingle one above. Stipules obliquely lanced, fall¬ 
ing. Panicle terminal, large, com poled of many Ample ra¬ 
cemes. Peduncle and pedicels round and fmoqth. Brac¬ 
ks-lanced, concave, one-flowered, falling. Flowers very 
numerous, pretty large, yellow, without Imell. Calyx as 
in the genus. Corolla, the four lateral petals equal, the 
upper fmall, and flreaked with red. Stamen alcendmg 
towards the upper coloured petal. Stigma tubular. Le¬ 
gume rhomboidal, three inches long, one and three quar¬ 
ters broad, much comprefted. Seeds three or four, very 
rarely five, oval, a little comprefled, fmooth, hard, light 
brown. This valuable tree was.lately discovered by Dr. 
Roxburgh to be a native of that chain of mountains which 
feparates the C(rears from the Brerar Rajah’s dominions, 
where it grows to be very large. It flowers during the 
wet feafon. Seeds ripe in January and February. ”1 his 
tree is alfo amative of the fouth-wefl frontier of the Bengal 
province, and probably of many other parts of Hindooftan. 
The ufes of tIris, wood in dying are numerous throughout 
Alia; it is an ingredient in the red dye of the coaft of Co¬ 
romandel, commonly called the ckoy dye. Where a cheap 
red dye is required lor cotton cloth, this wood is employed 
by the Fe’linga dyers. Their general procefs is as follows; 
fuppole for four yards of bleached cotton cloth. It mull 
dirlt be well waffled ; tIren an infufion of half a pound of 
powdered eaducay in a pint and a half of cold water drain¬ 
ed, is employed to prepare the cloth, which is done by 
wetting it twice in the fame infufion, drying it between 
and after. It is then twice wetted in a Itrong folution of 
alum, and as often dried in the fun. Next day a decodtion 
of the fappan wood is prepared as follows : take one pound 
of fappan wood in powder, water twelve quarts, boil it 
till a third is coisTumed ; divide the remaining eight quarts 
of the decoction into three parts, one of four, and the 
other two of two quarts each; into the four quarts put 
the cloth, wet it well, wring it gently and half dry it ; it 
is again wetted in one of the fmall portions, and when half 
dry wetted for the third and laft time in the other remain-, 
jug portion of the decoction; dry it in the (hade, which 
nifties the procefs. This wood feems polTefl'ed of nearly 
the fame quality as braliletto ; its infufion and decobtion 
are heightened by alkalies, and defiroyed by mineral acids; 
a folution of tin in aqua regia’precipitates from the infu- 
fjon a beautiful cpmfon-colonred lake; the wood itfelf is 
orange coloured, Without finell or tafie ; it gives to fpi- 
rits a faft’ron colour. The numerous thorns, with which 
this fpecies is covered, renders it very proper for firong 
fences, and which will afterwards become profitable. It, 
is of a quick growth ; in two years trom the time the feeds 
are fown, if in a good foil, they will have attained to the 
■height of eight or ten feet, and begin to flower u'nd bear, 
feed; about the fame time the centre part of the (lem be¬ 
gins to acquire colour, which conilantly improves in qua¬ 
lity,- as well as in quantity. 
4. Casfalpinia pyramidata : unarmed; leaflets oval, 
quite entire, equilateral ; they and the calyxes fmooth ; 
petals with claws roundifli, flat, equalling the (tamens. 
This rijes wi£h a,firong'woody (lem near thirty feet high, 
PIN! A. 
fending out many fpreading branches,, which are covered 
with a light grey bark fpotted with white. Leaves t>ipin¬ 
nate, with lellile leaflets, of a lucid green on their upper 
furface, but a pule green on their under. The flowers 
are produced in long, loofe, upright, pyramidal, bunches 
towards the ends o‘f the branches, thofe on the lower part 
of the bunch having long peduncles, which diminilh gra¬ 
dually to the top. The flowers are of a fcarlet colour, 
and make a fine appearance. It was difeovered by Plu¬ 
nder in Come of the French fettiements in tire Weft Indies ; 
and was afterwards found by Dr. Houlloun at Campeachy. 
5. C.-efalpinia crifta, or broad-leaved prickly brafiletio : 
prickly; leaflets oval, racemes Ample, petals ovate, flior- 
ter than the fmooth calyx ; (tamens longer than the calyx. 
This lends out many weak irregular branches, armed with 
(liort, (irong, upright, thorns. The leaves branch out 
in the fame manner as in the following fpecies, but the 
leaflets are oval and entire. Tire flowers are produced in 
long (pikes - , as in that, but they are variegated with red, 
and have only five (tamens. In Plunders figure indeed 
there are only five or fix (tamens reprefented ; but in 
Ca-telhy’s the flowers have ten. The branches are (len¬ 
der, and full of fmall prickles. The leaflets are very 
broad at the end, and emarginate. The flowers are white. 
The pods inclofe feveral fmall round feeds. The value 
of tlds wood has occafioned a fca reify of it on the Bahama 
Blands, the larged trees being cut down : the biggeft of 
thofe remaining do not exceed two or three inches in thick- 
uefs, and eight or nine feet in height. Great quantities of 
the wood are Cent yearly from the Weft. Indies to England 
for dying. 
6. Ciefalpinia brafilinefis, or fmooth brafiletto : unarm¬ 
ed; leaflets ovate-oblong, midrib pubefeent; calyxes to- 
mentofe ; (tamens fliorter than the corolla. This has very 
(lender branches, which are armed with recurved thorns. 
The leaves branch out into many divifions : the leaflets 
are oval, indented at top and oppofite. Peduncles from 
the fide of the brandies, terminated by a loofe pyramidal 
fpike of white flowers. Though Miller has feparated 
thefe two fpecies, yet he feems to have confounded them* 
in the deferiptions. No author has deferibed the latter. 
This is the tree which affords the brafiletto wood, much 
ufed in dying. It is an excellent timber wood, but feldom 
exceeds eight or ten inches in diameter. It is elaftic, tough, 
and durable, and bears a fine polifh ; it is of a beautiful 
orange colour, full of refin, and yields a fine full tinbture 
by infufion ; but it is feldom cut for the dyer’s Life in Ja¬ 
maica. Sloane on the contrary afterts, that it is cut there 
and fent into England for dyer’s life in great plenty every 
year. It was cultivated by Mr. Miller, in 1739. 
7. Csefalpinia bijuga, or broad-leaved prickly brafiletto : 
prickly; leaves, doubly pinnate, with.two pairs of obcor- 
date leaflets, they and the calyxes fmooth; (tamens equal¬ 
ling the corolla. Height fifteen feet ; trunk fomewhat 
crooked, the thicknefs.of a man’s thigh, covered with a 
whitilh grey bark almolt fmooth. Branches crooked, 
prickly. Leaves at unequal diftances ; the midrib four or 
five inches long, divided into as many pairs of petioles, on 
each of which are two pairs of fmooth, filming, leaflets, 
half an inch in diameter. Flowers in feveral (pikes three 
inches long, at the tops of the brandies. Corolla deep 
yellow. Legume corky, (tufted, ovate-oblong, with an 
obfolete tumid groove near the periphery parallel to both 
futures, thence declining towards the margin and com- 
preded into an edge, but turgid in the middle, flattilh, 
fomewhat torofe, two-celled, valvelefs. Seeds irregularly 
round, lenticular, thick, of a dufky. nift colour. Browne 
affigns only eight or ten feet for the height, whilft Jacquin 
gives it twenty-five. The former adds, that the-wood is 
of a brown colour; the foliage of a dark gloomy green ; 
the flowers of a fine yellow, the lower fegmefit of the ca¬ 
lyx not fringed, nor any of the petals variegated. Ac¬ 
cording to the latter, the bark is blackifh; the prickles 
Tubulate, (tout, acuminate, axillary, folitary, half an inch 
in length, but often wanting; the leaflets emarginate, fre¬ 
quently 
