59 $ 
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quently dilYorm ; the flowers without fcent. All parts of 
shis tree, if bruited, have a very ftrong balfamic fmell. 
Native of Jamaica, Cura^oa, &c. Introduced in 1770. 
8. Caefalpinia coriaria : unarmed; leaflets linear, ra¬ 
cemes in form of fpikes, calyxes fmooth, equalling the 
corolla, ftamens longer than the corolla, legumes curved 
inwards. This is an elegant tree with a fine branching 
head, fifteen feet in height, totally void of thorns or pric¬ 
kles. The flowers are fvnall, yellowith, and have but 
little fine 11 . The - Spaniards and natives ufe the ripe 
pods for tanning leather, and call them libidibi. Native 
of Curayoaand Carthagena, in the fait marfhes. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are propagated 
by feeds, which fhonld be Town in fmall pots filled with 
light rich earth early in the fpring, and plunged into a hot¬ 
bed of tanner’s bark, obferving to fliade them from the 
fun, and to w'ater the earth as often as it appears dry: if 
the nights fhould prove cold, the glades mutt be covered 
with mats, to keep the bed in a moderate warmth. In 
about fix weeksthe plants will begin to appear, when they 
muft be carefully cleared from weeds, and frequently re¬ 
flected with water: in warm weather the glatfes Ihculd 
be raifed in the middle of the day to admit frefh air, 
which will greatly ftrengthen the plants ; otherwife they 
are apt to draw up weak. When the plants are about 
three inches high, they fhould be carefully taken out of the 
pots, and each tranfplanted into a feparate fmail pot filled 
with freffi light earth, and plunged into the hot bed again, 
oblerving to water them and fcreen them from the heat of 
the fun until they have taken new root ; after which time, 
the glalfes fhould be railed every day in proportion to the 
warmth of the weather. In this hot-bed the plants may 
remain till autumn, when they fhould be removed into 
the Rove, and plunged into the bark-bed, where they 
may have room to grow. Here they fhould remain ; and, 
being placed among other tender exotics of the fame cli¬ 
mate, will afford an agreeable variety. 
With refpeCt to the flower-fence, if care be taken to 
water and fhift the plants as often as it is neceffary, they 
will grow three feet high the firfl feafon. When they are 
grown large, there mud be great care taken, w hen they are 
/hifted into larger pots, not to fuffer the ball of earth to fall 
from their roots; for, when this happens, the plants feldom 
furvive it. They are very impatient of moifiure in win¬ 
ter, and, if damp feizes their tops, it very often kills them. 
With proper management they will grow much taller 
here than they ufually do in Barbadoes, but their Items 
will not be larger than a man’s finger, which is occafion- 
ed by their being drawn up by the glades of the dove. 
The beautiful flowers of this flirub appear in December 
here; but in the Wed Indies it flowers twice a-year. See 
Guilandina Bonduc. 
CCESALPINOI DES,y. in botany. See Gleditschia. 
C^EaALPI'NIJS (Andreas), an eminent philofopher 
and phydcian, born at Arezzo about the year 1559. After 
being profeffor at Pifa, he became firfl phydcian to pope 
Clement VIII. It fhould feem, from a paffage in his 
Queltiones Peripatetics, that he had fome idea of the 
circulation of the blood : “ The lungs, (fays he,) drawing 
the warm blood through a vein [the pulmonary artery] 
like the arteries, out of the right ventricle of the heart, 
and returning it by an anaflomolis to the venal artery [the 
pulmonary vein] which goes to the left ventricle of the 
heart, the cool air being in the mean time let in through 
the canals of the afpera arteria, which are extended along 
the venal artery, (but do not communicate with it by 
inofculations, as Galen imagined,) cools it only by 
touching. To this circulation of the blood out of the 
right ventricle of the heart through the lungs into its 
left ventricle, what appears upon diffefftion anlwers very 
well : for there are two veffels which end in the right 
ventricle, and two in the left : but one only carries the 
blood in, the other fends it out, the membranes being 
contrived for that purpofe.” His treatife de Plantis 
Vgl. III. No, J50, 
C M 8 
entities him to a place among the eminent writers cm 
botany ; he there makes the didribution of plants into a 
regular method, formed on their natural fimilitude, as 
being the mod ufeful for difcovering their virtues : yet, 
what is very furprifing, it was not underflood for near a 
hundred years. The reftcrer of this method was Robert 
Morifon, profedor of botany at Oxford. Caeftdpinus died 
at Rome, February 23, 1603. His Hortus Siccus, confiding 
pf 76S dried fpecimens pafled on 266 large pages, is dill 
in being. The titles of his writings are, 1. Karorol pov, 
five Speculum Artis Medicae liippccraticum. 2. De 
Plantis Libri xvi. cum Appendice ; printed at Florence 
in 1583. 3. De Metallicis Libri iii. 4. Quaeftionun\ 
Medicarum Libri ii. 5. De MedTcamentorum Faculatibus 
Libri it. 6. Praxis Univerfae Medicin.se. 7. Demonusn 
invedigatio Peripatetica. 8. Quaediotnim Peripatetica- 
rurn Libri v. 
CvS'SAR.afu rname given to the Julian family at Rome, 
either becaufe one of them kept an elephant, which bears 
the fame name in the Punic tongue, or becaufe one was 
born with, a thick ■ head ofhair ; though fome derive it from 
cafo, one cut out from the mother’s belly ; hence the 
ctsfanan operation, faid to have been ufed in bringing 
Julius Caefar into the world. This name, after it had 
been dignified in the perfon of Julius Caefar, and of his 
fucceflbrs, was given to tire apparent heir of the empire, 
in the age of the Roman emperors. The twelve firfl Ro¬ 
man emperors were didinguiftied by the furname of Cafar. 
They reigned in the following order: Julius Caefar, Au- 
guflus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Galba, Otho, 
Vitellius, Vefpafian, 1 itus, and Domitian. In Domitian, 
or rather in Nero, the family of Julius Caefar was extin- 
guifhed. But, after fuel) a lapie of time, the appellation 
of Cajfar feemed infeparabie from tire imperial dignity, 
and therefore it was a (fumed by the fuccedors of the Julian 
family. Suetonius has written an account of thefe twelve 
characters, in an extenfive and impartial manner. 
C/E'SAR (Julius C.), the firfl emperor of Rome, was 
fon of L. Ctefar and Aurelia the daughter of Cotta. He 
was defeended, according to fome accounts, from Julius 
the fon of vEneas. When he reached his fifteenth year 
he loft his father, and the year after he was made ptieft of 
Jupiter. Sylla was aware of his ambition, and endeavoured 
to remove him ; but Ccefar underflood his intentions, and, 
to avoid difeovery, changed every day his lodgings. He 
was received into Sylla’s friend flu i p fome time after; and 
the dictator told thofe who folicited the advancement of 
young Caefar, that they were warm in the intereft of a 
man who would prove fome day or other the ruin of their 
country and of their liberty. When Caefar went to finiflu 
his (tudies at Rhodes, under Appollonius Molo, he was 
feized by pirates, who offered him his liberty for thirty 
talents. He gave them forty, and threatened to revenge 
their impudence ; and no fooner was he out of their power, 
than he armed a (hip, purfued them, and crucified them 
all. His eloquence procured him friends at Rome ; and 
the generous manner in which he lived, equally ferved to 
promote his intereft. He obtained the office of high prieft 
at the death of Metellus ; and, after he had palled through 
the inferior employments of the date, he was appointed 
over Spain, where he fignalized himfelf by his valour and 
intrigues. At his return to Rome, he was made conful, 
and loon after he effected a reconciliation between Craffus 
and Pompey. He was appointed for the fpace of five years 
over the Gauls, by the intereft of Pompey, to whom he 
had given his daughter Julia in marriage. Here he en¬ 
larged the boundaries of the Roman empire by conqueft, 
and invaded Britain, which was then unknown to the Ro¬ 
man people. He checked the Germans, and loon after 
had his government over Gaul prolonged to five other 
years, by means of his friends at Rome. 
The death of Julia and of Craffus, the corrupted ftate 
of the Roman fenate, and the ambition of Caefar and Pom¬ 
pey, foon became the caufes of a civil war. Neither of 
7 M thefe 
