C JE S 
Many of the moll valuable articles are sow in the MS. 
library of the marquis of Lanfdowne. 
CAESAR E'A, a city of Cappadocia; of Bithynia ; of 
Mauritania; of Paleftine. There are many fmall towns 
of that name, either built by the Roman emperors, or 
called by their name in compliment to them. 
C.fESA'RIAN OPERAl'ION. See Midwifery or 
Parturition. 
C-fESA'Rf ANS, [cafarienfes, Lat.] Officers or minif- 
ters of the Roman emperors. They kept the account of 
the revenues of the emperors, and took poffeflion, in their 
name, of fuel) things as devolved to them. 
CiESA'RION, "the fon of J. Ctefarby queen Cleopatra, 
was, at the age of thirteen, proclaimed by Antony and bis 
mother king cf Cyprus, Egypt, and Ccelofyria. He was 
put to death five years after by Auguftus. 
CjTISARODU'NUM, anciently a town of the Turones 
in Celtic G uil ; now Tours, the capital of Touraine. 
CiESAROMA'GUS, anciently a town of the Trino- 
bantes in Britain ; by fome fuppoled to be Chelmsford, and 
by others Brentford. 
CiESE'NA, anciently a town of Gallia Cifpadana, fi- 
tuated on the rivers Ifapis and Rubicon. 
CNi'SlA, a furname of Minerva. 
CLE'SIA SYL'VA, anciently a wood in Germany, part 
of the great Sylva Hercynia, lituated partly in the duchy 
of Cleves, and partly in Weftphalia between Wefel and 
Kesfield. Tacit, i Ann. c. 50. 
CzE'SIAS, [xociy-iu,;, Gr.] In meteorology, the north- 
eaft wind ; called in the Mediterranean, vento Graco, or 
Greco kvante. Pliny calls this wind Hcllefpontias, as blow¬ 
ing from 1 he Hellefpont. See Euroclydon. 
C-ffiSO'NES,/ A denomination given to infants cutout 
of their mother’s wombs. Pliny ranks this as an aufpicious 
birth ; the elder Scipio Africanus, and the firft of the 
family of C.x-fars, were brought into the world in this way. 
CJESU'LIA, f. In botany, a genus of the clafs fynge- 
nefia, order acqualis. Effentia! generic characters—Recep¬ 
tacle chaffy, with feeds involved in the chaff; down 
none; calyx three-leaved. 
Species. 1. Caefulia axillaris, or axillary caefulia: Hems 
herbaceous, creeping, branchy,and riling from nine to fifteen 
inches high. Leaves alternate, liem-clafping, lanceolate, 
lmooth, and forming a cup-like receptacle for the flower. 
Flowers axillary, Angle, feffile, and of a beautiful light 
purple. Perianthium many-leaved; corolla compound; 
the corollets numerous, equal; the tubes longer than 
their perianths; border five-cleft, and fpreadmg. Fila¬ 
ments or pi (tils five, germ egg-fhaped ; ftigma two-cleft; 
pericarpium none, the belly of the partial perianth clolely 
enveloping each feed forms its exterior covering. Seed 
one, wedge-fhaped, and four-fided. This curious plant 
is delineated in the annexed Engravin g, at fig. 3. It is 
a native of Hindooftan, growing in moilt places, and enrich¬ 
ing the face of the country in wet feafons. 
2. Caefulia radicans, or rooting caefulia : ftem creeping 
and rooting; leaves lanceolate, tapering to the top, very 
entire, oppofite. Native of Guinea. 
CALS'I US,/ In antiquiiy, a large gauntlet made of raw 
hide, which the wrefllers madeufe of at the public games. 
It was a kind of leathern ftrap, flrengthened with lead 
or plates of iron, which encompalfed the hand, the wrift, 
and a part of the arm, as well to defend thefe parts, as to 
enforce their blows. Cafus, or cajlum , was alfo a kind of 
girdle, made of wool, which the hufDand untied for his 
ipoufe the firft day of marriage, before they went to bed. 
This relates to Venus’s girdle, which Juno borrowed of 
her to entice Jupiter to love her. See Cestus. 
CAE'SURA ,f. In ancient poetry, is when, in the fcan- 
r.ing of a verfe, a w ord is divided fo, as one part feerns 
cut off, and goes to a different foot from the reft ; as, 
Menti\ri no\li, nun\quam men\dacia profunt. 
Where the fyllables ri, li, quant, and men, are crefuras. 
In the modern poetry, cafura denotes a reft or paufe to- 
C A F 595 
wards the middle of,an ajexandrian verfe, by which the 
voice and pronunciation are aided, and the verfe, as it 
were, divided into two hemiftichs. See Pause. 
Cz 3 £T'ERIS PAR'IBQS, a Latin term in frequent life 
among mathematical and medical writers. The words li¬ 
terally fignify, the ref (or other things') being alike or equal. 
Thus we lay, the heavier the bullet, caterisparibus, the 
greater the range ; i. e. by how much the bullet is heavier, 
if the length and diameter of the piece and (trength of the 
powder be the fame, by fo much will theutmoft range or 
diftance of a piece of ordnance be the greater. Thus alfo, 
in a phyfical way, we fay, the velocity and quantity circu¬ 
lating in a given time through any fedlion of an artery, 
will, cateris paribus, be according to its diameter, and near- 
nefs to, or diftance from, the heart. 
C/EFO'BRIX, anciently a town of Lufitania, near the 
mouth of the Tagus on the eaft fide: now extindf. It 
had its name from its fifhery; and there are ftill extant 
fifli-ponds on the ftiore, done with plafter of Paris, which 
ii 111 if rate the name of the ruined city. 
CAET'SE, an ifland in the Adriatic, or Venetian Sea, 
which affords anchorage for (hipping. 
CAFA'RA, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Alentejo, twel ve miles eaft of Moura. 
C AFARTU'THA, in ancientgeography, a town ofAfia, 
in Mefopotamia ; placed in the Nubian geography be¬ 
tween Data and Alchabur. 
CAFERISTAN'. See Kuitore. 
CAF'FA,/ Painted cotton cloths manufactured in the 
Eaft Indies, and fold at Bengal. 
CAF'FA, a fea-port of Ruffia, now called Theodosia, 
which fee. 
CAF'FA, a province or kingdom of Abyflinia, adjoining 
to the kingdom of Narea, and fituate to the fouth of it. 
It is wholly mountainous, and faid to be governed by a 
piince independent of the Abyfliniun monarchy. 
CAF'FILA,/ A company of merchants or travellers, 
who join together in order to go with more fecurity through 
the dominions of the Great Mogul, and through other 
countries on the continent of the Eaft Indies. The caftila 
differs from a caravan, at leaft in Perfia : for the caftila 
belongs properly to fome fovereign, or to fome powerful 
company in Europe ; whereas a caravan is a company of 
particular merchants, each trading upon his own account. 
The Englifh and Dutch have each their caftila at Gam- 
bron. There are alfo caffiias which crofs fome parts of 
the deferts of Africa, particularly that called the Sea of 
Sand, between the kingdom of Morocco and thofe of 
Tombut and Gaigo. This is a journey of 400 leagues; 
and takes up four months in going and coming back; 
the caftila travelling only by night, on account of the 
exceflive heat of that country. The chief merchan- 
dife they bring confifts in gold-duft, which they call atibr , 
and the Europeans tibir. Cafila, on the coaft of Guzerat 
or Cambaya, fignifies a fmall fleet of merchant-veffels. 
CAFFRA'RIA, that part of fotuh-eaftern Africa 
which lies between Congo, Negroland, and Abyflinia, 
and the fea. The name is faid to be derived from the 
Arabic word cafier, which fignifies ‘ infidel the Maho¬ 
metans giving this name to all who are of a different re¬ 
ligion from themfelves. Caffraria may be divided into 
two parts, Caffraria Proper, and the country of the Hot¬ 
tentots. The internal parts are but little known. The 
inhabitants of Caffraria Proper, are generally taller than 
the Hottentots, more robuft, more fierce, and much bolder. 
Their figure is more agreeable, and their countenances 
have not that narrownels at the bottom, nor their cheeks 
thofe prominences, which are fo difagreeable among the 
Hottentots. A round figure, a nofe not too flat, a broad fore¬ 
head, and large eyes, give them an open and lively air ; 
and, if prejudice can overlook the colour of the fkin, 
there are fome Caffre women who, even in Europe, 
would be accounted pretty. Thefe people do not make 
their faces ridiculous, by pulling out their eve-brows like 
the Hottentots j they tattoo themfelves indeed, and par¬ 
ticularly 
