C A L 
their work in, Th6 figure of the calaihur, as reprefented 
-on ancient monuments, is narrow at the bottom, ai)d wi¬ 
dening upwards like that of a top. Pliny compares it to 
tlie form of a lily. The calathus or work-balket of Mi¬ 
nerva is no lefs celebrated among the poets than her dif- 
taff. Calathus was alfo the name of a cup for wine ufed in 
facrifices, 
CALA'TOR',yi [from KaTvtiy, to call ] In antiquity, a 
crier or officer appointed to publidi fomething aloud, or 
call the people together. Such minifters the pontifices 
had, whom they tiled to fend before them when they went 
to facrifice on frircz or holidays, to advertife the people to 
leave off work. The magiftrates alfo ufed calatores, to 
call the people to the comitia, both curiata and cevturiata. 
The officers in the army alfo had calatores ; as had many 
private families, to invite their guefts to entertainments. 
CALATRA"V A, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, and 
province of La Mancha, (irelated near the Morena moun¬ 
tains, on the riVer Gn.idiana, the chief place of the knights 
of Calatrava: twelve miles north-eaft of Civdad Real, 
and fifty fouth-eaft of Toledo. 
Knights of CAI.ATRA'VA, f. A military order in 
Spain, inftitmed under Sancho III. king of Caftile, upon 
the following occalion. When that prince took the ft rong 
fort of Calatrava; from the Moors of Andaluli:i, he gave 
it to the Templars, who, wanting courage to defend it, re¬ 
turned it him again. Then don Reymond, of the order 
of the Ciftercians, accompanied with feveral perfons of 
quality, made an offer to defend the place, which the knA 
thereupon delivered up to them, and inftituted that order. 
It increafed fo much under the reign of Alphonfus, that 
the knights defired they might have a grand mafter, which 
was granted. Ferdinand and ifabella afterwards, with 
the confent of pope Innocent Vll 1 . re-united the grand- 
mafterfhip of Calatrava to the Spanilh crown ; fo that the 
kings of Spain are perpetual adminiflrators thereof. The 
knights of Calatrava bear a crofs gules, flowerdelifed with 
green, &c. Their rule and habit was originally that of 
the Ciftercians. 
CALAU', a town of Lufatia, which carries on a large 
trade in wool : fifteen miles north-well of Cotbus. 
CALAU' CENE, a town of Egypt: twelve miles fouth 
of Abu Girge. 
CALAVON', a river of France, which runs into the 
Durance, about eight miles weft of Cavaillon. 
CALAU'RTA, an i 11 and of Greece in the Saronic bay, 
over againft the port of Troezen, at the diftance of forty 
ffadia. Hither Demofthenes went twice into baniftiment; 
and here he died. Neptune was faid to have accepted this 
illand from Apollo in exchange for Delos. Tire city flood 
on a high ridge nearly in the middle of the illand, com¬ 
manding an extenlivc view of the gulf and its coafts. The 
illand is now called Poro. 
CALBA'RI, or Calabar, a river of Africa, which 
runs into the fea, feventy miles eaft of Cape Formofa. 
CALBA'RT, or Kalbari. See Calabar. 
CAL'BE, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower 
Saxony, and duchy of Magdeburg, on the Saal : twenty 
miles fouth of Magdeburg. 
CAL'BE, or Kalbe, a town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle of Upper Saxony, and Old Mark of Brandenburg: 
eight miles from Gardeleben. 
CALBER'GA, a town of Hindooftan, in the country 
of Hydrabad, formerly a vaft city, and the refidence of 
the kings of the Deccan : it is by no means fo populous as 
when the feat of royalty : eighty-five miles well of Hydra- 
bad, and no eaft of Vifiapour. Lat, 17.25. N. Ion. 77. 
25. E. Greenwich. 
CAL'BIS, a town of Egypt : three miles N. Rofetta. 
CALCA'NEUM, Calcar, Calcis Os, Pterna,/. 
The Heel-bone. It is the largeft bone in the foot, of 
which it is the pofterior part, and in fome meafure the ba¬ 
lls. The largeft tendon, called Undo Achillis, is infertecl 
into this bone. If it is injured in its fore-part, it may fafely 
be amputated. 
CAL <507 
CAL'CAR, a town of Germany, in the circle of VVeff- 
phalia, and duchy of Cloves, about four miles from the 
Rhine, which has a voice and feat at the diet of the duchy. 
It contains two convents and two churches, one for Ro¬ 
man Catholics, theother for Proteftunts: five miles fouth. 
eaft ot Cleves. Lat. 51.47. N. Ion. 23.42. E. Ferro. 
CAL'CAR, J'. [from calco, Lat. to heat.] In gktfs-mak- 
ing, a final 1 oven or reverberatory furnace, in which the 
firft calcination of land and fait of potalh is made for the 
turning them into frit. On one fide is a trench fix inches 
fquare, the upper part of which is level with the calcar, 
and leparated only from it at the mouth by bricks nine 
inches wide. Into this trench they put lea-coal, tits 
flame of .which is carried into every part of the furnace, 
and is reverberated from the roof upon the frit, over the 
lurface of which the fmoke flies very black. 
CAL'CAR [John de), a celebrated painter, fo called 
from the town of that name, in the duchy of Cleves, where 
he was born, and died at Naples, at an early time of life, 
in 1546. Titian and Raphael were his models in the art 
of painting'. He fo completely caught their manner, that 
the talents of thefe great mailers feemed to become his own. 
Several good judges confefled themfelves unable to diftin- 
guilh the pictures of the difciple from thofe of Titian his 
mafter. The immortal Rubens relolved to keep to his 
death a Nativity by Calcar. It is to him we are indebted 
for the anatomical figures of the book of Vefal, and the 
portaits of the painters at the head of their lives by Vafari. 
CALC A'REOUS, adj. Something that partakes of the 
nature and qualities of chalk or lime, See Chemistrv. 
CALCAYLA'RES, a jurifdiclion of South America, 
in the country of Peru, between Cufco and the fea. 
CALCE A'RIUM,yi in antiquity, a donative or largefs 
bellowed on Roman foldiers for buying fhoes. In monaf- 
teries, calccarivm denoted the daily fervice of cleaning the 
Ihoes of the religious. 
CAL'CEATED, adj. \_calceatus , Lat.] Shod; fitted 
with (hoes. 
C ALCEDO'NIUS,yi [Lat.] A kind of precious ftone. 
—Calcedonius is of the agate kind, and of a mifty grey, co¬ 
loured with blue, or with purple. Woodward. 
CALCE'NA, a town of Spain, in Aragon: fourteen 
miles fouth of Tarracona. 
CALCEOLA'RI A,f. [from calceoltis, Lat. a little flip¬ 
per.] In botany, a genus of the clafs diandria, order rao- 
nogynia, natural order corydales. The generic charaflers 
are—Calyx: perianthium one-leafed, four-parted, fpread- 
ing, equal ; divifions ovate ; permanent. Corolla : mo- 
nopetalous, bilabiate; lower lip refupine; upper very 
fmall, contrafled-globular, bifid anteriorly; lower very 
large, flipper-form, inflated, gaping anteriorly. Stamina : 
filaments two, very fhort, within the upper lip; anther® 
incumbent, club-form, with the handle prominent through 
the chink. Piftillum: germ rpundifh ; ffyle very fhorf; 
ftigma bluntifh. Pericarpium : capfule ftibconic, acumi¬ 
nate, two-furrowed, two-celled, two-valved. Seeds: nu¬ 
merous, ovate.— EJjcntial CharaElei. Corolla, ringent, in¬ 
flated ; capfule, two-celled, two-valved; calyx, four- 
parted, equal. 
Species. 1. Calceolaria pinnata, or pinnated flipper- 
wort : leaves pinnate. Root annual ; deni eredl, two feet 
high, round, brachiate, brittle, with very thick down, 
and from fixteen to twenty joints. Native of Peril, in moift 
places. Introduced in 1773, by Sir Jofeph Banks, Bart. 
It flowers from July to October. 
2. Calceolaria integrifolia, or whole-leaved flipperwort: 
leaves lanceolate, wrinkled, ferrate; flowers panicled, ter¬ 
minating. This refts entirely on the authority of Feuil- 
lee, by whom it was obferved in Chili. 
3. Calceolaria perfoliata, or perfoliate flipperwort: 
leaves perfoliate, fagittate, villofe on both fides. This is 
a very Angular plant and very handfome ; ftem round, 
from a foot to two feet in height, leafy, terminating by a 
many-flowered le;.fy corymb ; leaves woolly beneath, 
broad at the bale, contracted towards the middle, then 
